How the index of refraction arises, and why it depends on color.Quotebook Notebooks: https://3b1b.co/storeThese lessons are primarily funded directly by viewers: https://3b1b.co/supportAn equally valuable form of support is to simply share the videos.

Looking Glass Universe videos on the index of refraction:https://youtu.be/uo3ds0FVpXs

Much of this video is based on the following Feynmann lecturehttps://www.feynmanlectures.caltech.edu/I_31.html

The explanation for why the phase of a wave produced by a plane of oscillating charges is a quarter phase behind the wave of a charge in the center of that plane, and hence a quarter phase behind that of a light wave inducing the oscillations, is given in the previous chapter:https://www.feynmanlectures.caltech.edu/I_30.html

Sections:0:00 - The standard explanation3:14 - The plan5:09 - Phase kicks8:25 - What causes light?13:20 - Adding waves16:40 - Modeling the charge oscillation20:59 - The driven harmonic oscillator26:57 - End notes

Thanks to these viewers for their contributions to translationsGerman: OleHebrew: Alon Altman, Omer TuchfeldHindi: SaurabhPortuguese: @doryhelioairesUrdu: Momini0

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These animations are largely made using a custom Python library, manim. See the FAQ comments here:https://3b1b.co/faq#manimhttps://github.com/3b1b/manimhttps://github.com/ManimCommunity/manim/

All code for specific videos is visible here:https://github.com/3b1b/videos/

The music is by Vincent Rubinetti.https://www.vincentrubinetti.comhttps://vincerubinetti.bandcamp.com/album/the-music-of-3blue1brownhttps://open.spotify.com/album/1dVyjwS8FBqXhRunaG5W5u

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