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BrainStuff, I'm Lauren Vogelbaum, and today I've got

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a classic episode of the podcast for you.

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In this one, we're talking about the

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slightly gross but totally awesome science behind

3:07

bruises and why they change color while

3:10

your body is healing from a bump.

3:14

Hey BrainStuff, I'm Lauren Vogelbaum, and

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if you're anything like me and

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absentmindedly attempt to walk through solid

3:20

objects instead of around them, you're

3:22

familiar with bruises. They can

3:25

be embarrassing reminders of less than graceful

3:27

moments, or perhaps for an athlete with

3:29

hard-won marks from a vigorous workout, a

3:31

mark of profound pride. But

3:33

however you choose to view bruises, they're

3:35

pretty fascinating. The variety of

3:37

colorful patterns they create on the skin is

3:39

reason enough to want to learn more about

3:42

these weird and sometimes painful spots that everyone

3:44

has coped with at one point or another.

3:47

Otherwise known as a contusion, a bruise is a

3:50

mark that appears when blood is trapped underneath the

3:52

surface of the skin. Bruises

3:54

occur when some type of trauma or

3:56

injury crushes tiny blood vessels known as

3:59

capillaries but doesn't break the skin. As

4:01

a result of the injury, the broken

4:03

capillaries leak out red blood cells which

4:06

get trapped under the skin, collecting in

4:08

a pool that forms the blue-purple-red-black-blumish. Bruises

4:11

can feel tender when they first form and

4:13

can be accompanied by some swelling. They usually

4:16

take about two weeks to heal, but some

4:18

bruises can last months. During

4:20

the healing period, the body breaks down

4:22

and reabsorbs the pooled blood that produced

4:24

the mark. As this happens,

4:26

the color of the bruises can fade

4:28

from dark to light and take on

4:30

all kinds of interesting hues along the

4:32

way. When a bruise first forms, it's usually

4:35

some shade of red, thanks to the fresh

4:37

blood just below the skin's surface. After

4:39

about a day or two, the hemoglobin in the

4:41

blood cells starts losing its oxygen, which is what

4:43

gives blood its red color in the first place.

4:46

Hemoglobin is the protein that transports oxygen

4:48

to cells, so as of red,

4:51

thanks to the fresh blood just below the

4:53

skin's surface. After about a day

4:55

or two, the hemoglobin in the blood cells starts

4:57

losing its oxygen, which is what gives blood its

4:59

red color in the first place. Hemoglobin

5:01

is the protein that transports oxygen

5:03

to cells, so as it's broken

5:05

down by the body, it loses that oxygen

5:08

it was carrying, and its red tone darkens

5:10

and shifts to blue, purple, and blackish tones.

5:13

After a few more days, the mark usually fades

5:16

to green or yellow before being hit with a

5:18

hint of brown and then fading away completely. This

5:21

color change occurs as the body reuses the

5:23

iron in the hemoglobin to form new red

5:25

blood cells. The unused, decomposed

5:28

hemoglobin transforms into a green pigment

5:30

called biliverdin, which then converts into

5:32

a yellow or light brown tinged

5:35

compound called bilirubin. As

5:37

all these products are either reabsorbed or

5:39

purged from the body, the mark fades

5:42

and disappears. Just

5:44

about everyone gets bruises, but some people are more

5:46

prone to them than others. Usually

5:48

people, for example, may be more likely to bruise

5:51

due to thinner skin and softer tissue. Other

5:53

factors, like certain diseases, medical conditions, and

5:56

medications, can also increase a person's risk

5:58

for bruising. So what

6:00

do you do when you get a hickey, a

6:02

shiner, or any other form of contusion? Usually,

6:05

time really does heal all wounds,

6:07

eventually. A serious bruise can develop

6:10

clots that take months to resolve, but will

6:12

usually go away on their own. And

6:14

while there are plenty of urban myths and

6:16

tales about how to magically banish bruises in

6:19

a snap, the only legit healing method is

6:21

to chill, literally and

6:23

figuratively. Doctors recommend applying ice

6:25

right after the injury occurs, and then resting

6:27

the injured area as much as you can

6:29

for the next few days. After

6:31

that, you can try applying mild heat to

6:33

increase blood flow, which might speed the healing

6:35

process up a little bit. By

6:38

the way, if you find yourself constantly battling

6:40

bruises you might want to talk to a

6:42

doctor to investigate whether you have a nutrient

6:45

deficiency. Because your blood requires vitamin

6:47

K to clot properly, if you don't have

6:49

enough, you might bruise more easily. Vitamin

6:51

C is also important to protect your blood vessels.

6:58

Today's episode is based on the article,

7:00

Why Do Bruises Change Color As They

7:02

Heal? on howstuffworks.com, written by Michelle Konstantinovsky.

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Brain Stuff is a production of iHeartRadio in

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partnership with howstuffworks.com, and is produced by Tyler

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Clang. For more podcasts from

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