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by state law. This

1:09

is But Why, a podcast for curious

1:11

kids from Vermont Public. I'm Jane

1:13

Lindholm, and I host this show. On

1:15

But Why, we take questions from curious kids

1:17

all over the world, and we find interesting

1:20

people to answer them. In

1:22

our last episode, we started learning all

1:24

about how our eyes work, and if

1:26

they're actually shaped like balls. And

1:29

as we were making the episode,

1:31

I got an eye exam from

1:33

a pediatric ophthalmologist, a specialized eye

1:35

doctor for kids named Sujata Singh.

1:38

Dr. Singh is back for this episode, and today

1:40

we're going to learn a little bit more about

1:42

the ways glasses can help some of us see

1:44

better. Did you know that

1:47

one out of every four kids in

1:49

the United States wears glasses? Sometimes,

1:51

instead of glasses, as people get

1:53

older, they choose to wear small,

1:56

flexible lenses called contact lenses that

1:58

actually fit right over and On

2:00

top of your all about. Are you

2:02

one of the many people who need glasses? I.

2:04

Am I started wearing glasses in high

2:07

school and the to other people who

2:09

make but why With me? Melody Bow,

2:11

Debt and Kiana Hoskin also started wearing

2:13

glasses when they were kids. Given

2:16

how many people use classes to

2:18

help make sure we can see

2:20

clearly, it's not a surprise that

2:22

you've sent us a lot of

2:25

questions on this topic. my niece,

2:27

Cameo from yourself my name is

2:29

Id and eight years old and

2:31

me when he was then known

2:33

as as Hell. And

2:36

I was in a why

2:38

do I need glasses and

2:40

I don't. Hi.

2:43

My name is Georgia. I'm ten

2:45

years old and I live in

2:47

Charlotte, North Carolina. My question is,

2:49

why do people wear glasses? Means

2:53

que se and and four years

2:55

old in I lending was time.

2:58

In my question is helping

3:01

people. See so well without

3:03

glasses or. Hi

3:14

mom and. Sister

3:16

those from Hollywood us

3:19

again I wonder how

3:22

do classes? Healthcare see

3:24

hello. My name amazing. I.

3:26

Sixty years old and I'm from here.

3:28

We are. My question is. A

3:31

glass of a healthy see. Allah

3:33

whose five and lives in Australia also

3:35

had this question: why do some people

3:38

need glasses. People often

3:40

need glasses to correct blurry

3:42

vision. For some folks, things

3:44

that are close up look

3:46

blurry. That's called far sightedness.

3:49

For other people, things that

3:51

are far away look blurry.

3:53

That's called nearsightedness. the

3:55

things you're trying to look at look blurry

3:57

because of the way the light and your

4:00

eye hits the back of your eyeball.

4:03

If the curvature at the front of your eye, or

4:06

the length of the eye, isn't exactly right,

4:08

the images can be out of focus. Glasses

4:11

help correct that so the images

4:13

are sharp. Your eyesight

4:15

can change over the course of your lifetime,

4:17

so even if you don't have glasses now,

4:20

you might need them someday, or

4:22

you might need a different prescription as you get

4:24

older. And some people who have

4:26

glasses as kids don't always need them as

4:28

adults. Dr. Singh

4:30

says fuzzy vision isn't actually the

4:33

only reason though that people use

4:35

glasses. That's just one thing glasses

4:37

does, is make the

4:39

images more clear for you to

4:41

be able to interact with the

4:43

world and enjoy life, and

4:46

also for little kids to learn how to see as best

4:48

as they can. But another thing

4:50

that it can do is help realign your

4:52

eyes. So one thing that little kids

4:54

do that adults don't tend to do is

4:58

when they are really farsighted,

5:00

meaning they have a high glasses prescription, they

5:03

want to see clearly. They focus really hard.

5:05

They are really good at focusing, and so

5:07

they focus really hard. When you focus,

5:09

your eyes cross inward. So you can see that when you

5:11

try to look at your finger, your eyes will up close

5:13

to your face, your eyes cross in. Right, if you take

5:15

your finger and you bring it closer and closer and closer

5:17

to your nose, you can get your eyes. It's a trick

5:20

that a lot of us do when

5:22

we're kids. Like, look, I can get my

5:24

eyes to cross. Yeah, exactly. And then they

5:26

come here and we try to

5:28

sort it out. And so you

5:30

can use that same mechanism to try to

5:32

clear up your images if you're really farsighted.

5:34

And so what we can do is

5:37

just give you the glasses so then you don't have

5:39

to focus and your eyes get straighter. So that's another

5:41

thing that glasses can do. Okay,

5:43

so now we know why people need

5:45

glasses. But how do they work?

5:48

Hi, my name is Adeline. I live

5:50

in Layton, Utah. My question is, how

5:52

do eye glasses work? Hi,

5:54

my name is Caitlin. I'm seven years

5:56

old and I live in San Antonio,

5:58

Texas. question

6:01

is how do glasses help us see

6:03

better? Simply put, glasses

6:05

correct for the shape of your eye

6:07

to make sure the light is focused

6:09

in the right way when it hits

6:12

the back of your eyeball. The

6:14

shape of the lens on the glasses helps

6:16

bend the light differently so it hits the

6:19

correct part of your retina at the back

6:21

of your eye. But lenses

6:23

aren't one-size-fits-all. Your eye doctor needs to

6:25

figure out exactly what kind of lens

6:28

is right for you. I pull out

6:30

all of these lenses and I have

6:32

a lot of them. I forget

6:35

how many, probably a couple hundred. Whoa,

6:37

this is really cool. So

6:40

can we describe, you pulled out a

6:42

drawer, a hidden secret drawer right here

6:44

in the office and it looks like

6:46

these like rings, it

6:48

looks like black rings and red rings

6:50

but they are filled with glass which

6:53

I assume is glass that

6:55

would be like what I might have in

6:57

my glasses but different kinds depending on what

6:59

kind of glasses someone needs. Yes, exactly. Yeah,

7:02

you described it really well. So they help,

7:04

you'll see it on the center row

7:07

here there's all different numbers. These

7:09

are called what's called diopters. So

7:11

it basically tells us the different

7:13

curvatures and the thicknesses of the lenses.

7:15

So this is for example a 20

7:17

diopter lens and you can see how

7:19

thick and curved it is in the

7:22

center compared to a plus one diopter

7:24

lens. So very different. The

7:26

plus one diopter lens looks pretty flat

7:28

and the other one, I can't remember what

7:30

number you said that was, plus 20 is

7:32

almost, it's not a circle but it's like

7:34

pretty curved. Yeah and it's pretty heavy too

7:38

And it's thicker in the center

7:40

than in the edges and so

7:42

that changes how the light passes

7:44

through it right? like it makes

7:46

everything upside down. Yeah, exactly. So

7:48

That's because light is bending through

7:50

it differently than light is bending

7:52

through the plus one. And so,

7:54

in comparison, contrast, is the minus

7:56

20 lens. So You can tell

7:58

me how it's. The and that

8:01

one kind of curves in rather

8:03

than curving out to yeah yeah

8:05

so that center is thinner than

8:07

outside and we call as concave

8:09

and contacts. Convex curves out.

8:11

Concave. Turn for curves and yes

8:14

exactly and so you can see how it

8:16

also is different frame and so I want

8:18

to make sure that I give you the

8:20

right. Curvature. The right

8:22

size lenses and so and when

8:24

I. Sign this

8:26

light into your eyes, the retina

8:28

scope into your i can see

8:30

that the latest moving in a

8:33

different way. Depending

8:35

on. What? Your eyeball

8:37

is doing to the light that I'm passing

8:39

through. So and then I want to neutralize

8:41

and meaning I want that liked to stop

8:43

moving And so I have to add this

8:45

is what a strange to do is it's

8:48

been a lot of time figuring out what

8:50

is the best lens that will stop that

8:52

movement and so. That. Looks

8:54

very close to try to put their

8:56

so What you did was take one

8:58

of those rings at the glass and

9:00

at one of the lenses and put

9:02

it up to my eye and then

9:04

use your instrument to still shine a

9:06

light into my eyes and what you're

9:08

you're checking his when it gets just

9:10

right. That's probably the glasses that I

9:12

need. Yes, exactly. Yep, and them. it's

9:14

We just kind of keep doing that

9:16

until we find the right right prescription

9:18

right here. For.

9:20

That looks about right? So.

9:26

It's and then I can. You have to do a

9:28

little bit a massive figure out the right prescription after

9:30

that and says you have a red one and a

9:32

black one and so now you have to figure out

9:34

between the two of them what my actual prescription as

9:37

he needs. You actually need both of those. So

9:40

so basically there's a different does another

9:42

kind of lens out there that is

9:44

called and is that manic lens Meanings

9:46

There's a so. It's

9:49

safe so that you have a

9:51

thicker center. And at dinner, At

9:54

ninety degrees away from and it's thinner so you

9:57

can see how bad is different. So. You're.

10:00

Your eyeball is made up with two.

10:02

Different parameters in different directions. Some

10:04

eyeballs are made up with the same Her

10:06

return every direction says the same. Her return

10:09

every dust and looks like this where. I'm.

10:12

It's. Not sicker in one direction compared to

10:14

the other, End that's

10:16

called a spherical and so that's more like

10:18

shaped like a baseball where if you look

10:20

at a baseball no matter which way you

10:22

rotate of it's the same curvature whereas a

10:24

football if you wrote. If you look at

10:26

it with the points you know from side

10:28

to side and then rotate it's a one

10:30

point of coming toward you. You can see

10:32

that the curvature of that football is different

10:34

in one way. it's more sleep than the

10:36

other end So. That's

10:38

how we describe the football is the

10:40

east Medical Ends and the. This

10:43

policy circle ends and south your

10:45

eyes are have two different your

10:47

cornea like we're to him out

10:49

has and lens. The whole optical

10:51

system has two different parameters that

10:53

will give you it once we

10:55

neutralizes coverages that I'll give you

10:57

the best classes. the best vision

10:59

so you look like you're probably

11:01

minus three fifty. Kind

11:03

of plus. Three. Fifty

11:05

had money that they have respect for

11:07

it. Now I know and and I

11:09

think if this is confusing the thing

11:11

that's important to remember is that are

11:13

either all different and so the way

11:15

we see is different and but there

11:18

are some ways that Dr. Legg, Dr.

11:20

Singh can say I understand how to

11:22

make this better for you and so

11:24

it might just be that you have

11:26

trouble. Because your

11:28

eyes shape the little differently then

11:30

an optimal eyeball for seeing far

11:32

and close. And so he eats.

11:34

I. Don't need to know all of the

11:37

different ways that eyeballs are shaped are all

11:39

of the different ways that I can see

11:41

differently. But it's helpful for you to know

11:43

that the you can help me see everything

11:45

that I need to see. Yep, exactly In

11:47

just a minute we're going to hear from

11:49

a kid who has what's called low vision

11:51

where things are really blurry sometimes even when

11:54

she uses glasses. but she has learned other

11:56

ways to navigate the world because even though

11:58

she sees things a little blurry. The she

12:00

gets around just fine. This.

12:04

Is, but why a podcast for

12:06

curious kids? I'm Jane. Went home

12:09

today. We're learning about glasses and

12:11

eyes with doctor suggesting she's a

12:13

pediatric ophthalmologist and let's talk now

12:15

with someone else. Fell to

12:18

people. Actually my name is

12:20

Maggie Times said. Sandals and

12:23

I live in Sales and

12:25

Vermont. And. All

12:28

self, I was bored with Albinism.

12:31

Do you know what Albinism means? Well.

12:34

How good as a means. There's no

12:36

color and my skin or my here

12:39

and what else does it? Does it

12:41

impact? Of I was bad.

12:43

For us you were gonna say. Food

12:48

Intake. Food Fi. We.

12:50

Know Maggie because her mom Katie

12:52

works with us at Vermont Public

12:54

where we make but why? Maggie

12:56

is a big but why sand

12:58

and agreed to talk a little

13:01

bit with her Mom about how

13:03

she sees. Maggie has a condition

13:05

called albinism and as you just

13:07

explained people with albinism have less

13:09

or know melanin or pigment. No

13:11

one in is important not just

13:13

for your hair and skin color

13:15

but also for your optic nerves

13:18

and how your retina, the back.

13:20

Part of your eye is formed

13:22

and because people with Albinism often

13:24

don't have a lot of color

13:26

in their irises, the part of

13:28

your I that can be brown

13:30

or blue or hazel. People with

13:32

that condition are often really sensitive

13:34

to bright light. For

13:36

Maggie, sunglasses can help block out some

13:38

of that bright light and corrective lenses.

13:40

glasses can help or see better, but

13:43

they don't make her eyesight perfect. So

13:45

tell me a little bit about how

13:47

you see Maggie as you see a

13:49

little bit different than other people write.

13:52

This is. What? Does it look like when

13:54

you take off your glasses? well and

13:56

i take off my glasses i

13:58

can just pumping to things and

14:00

see everything foggy. Yeah, everything looks a

14:03

little foggy, right? Yeah, and then fog

14:05

gets into my eyes. Um,

14:08

how long have you had glasses? Since

14:11

when I was a baby. Yeah, that's

14:14

right. Do you like

14:16

wearing glasses? Yeah. What do you

14:18

like about it? Well, they're purple and

14:20

blue. I really love to buy

14:22

a little pony once because they

14:24

have kitty marks on him. Oh,

14:27

your glasses have my little pony cutie

14:29

marks. Yeah, that's pretty cool. That's

14:31

pretty cool. You said that

14:33

when you take your glasses off, sometimes you

14:35

bump into stuff. What

14:38

are some of the things you do to

14:40

help you get around? Well,

14:44

sometimes I take a forward

14:46

step so wide, then I

14:48

tell him how many long ways it goes.

14:52

So you count steps, right before

14:54

you take them. But if

14:57

I want how many steps, I just say the

14:59

number out. So

15:02

at school in your classroom, because

15:05

you have low vision and you see a little

15:07

different, you have some special stuff to make school

15:09

easier for you. Do you remember

15:11

what some of those things are? Yeah,

15:14

I have that slant board.

15:16

Yeah, slant board. Yeah.

15:19

Sometimes I pull my crumb book on it. Sometimes

15:23

my workbook and

15:26

some other stuff, like paper, so like

15:28

a draw. And last time

15:31

I sometimes draw. So

15:34

you go to the eye doctor once a year,

15:37

sometimes twice a year. And when

15:39

they look at your eyes, they use all sorts

15:41

of machines and stuff. And

15:43

sometimes they read have you read things

15:45

out loud. Do you

15:47

remember when they put those drops in your eyes? Yeah.

15:50

What was that like? It was

15:52

tickling. It tickled your eyes. Yeah. If you

15:55

could tell people one thing

16:01

about the way you see, what

16:03

would you tell them? Well,

16:08

I only wear glasses in the day but

16:11

I do not in the night. And

16:14

that's even real. But

16:16

if I see in the night with my glasses,

16:19

I just walk into stuff. It's like I

16:21

do with all my glasses in the day.

16:25

When I look at things with all my

16:27

glasses, I just say,

16:30

whoa. I

16:32

think a lot of us can relate to that.

16:34

Looking at things without our glasses or looking at

16:36

things at night as we're just trying to focus

16:39

our vision and saying, what?

16:42

What is that? Thanks

16:44

to Maggie and her mom Katie for sharing a

16:47

little bit about what it's like to have low

16:49

vision. I'm sure many of you

16:51

listening also have low or no vision and

16:53

have your own stories to tell. Let us

16:55

know. We all see a

16:57

little bit differently. But another way our

16:59

eyes are all different is the way they

17:01

look. We all have variations

17:04

in our eye color. My

17:06

name is Dylan. I live

17:09

in Baden, Switzerland. I'm nine

17:11

years old and my

17:13

question is, why do we

17:16

have eye color? My

17:18

name is Merv and I'm

17:21

six and I live in

17:24

Denver, Colorado. My question

17:26

is, why are people's eye colors

17:29

different colors? I

17:32

am Bruno. I'm 10 years old. I

17:34

live in Montreal, Canada and my question

17:36

is, why do we have different colored

17:39

eyes? Hello, my

17:41

name is Rudeen. I

17:43

am seven years old and I

17:46

live in Birmingham, Alabama. I

17:50

want to know why

17:53

we have different eye colors.

17:56

Hi, I'm Molly and

17:58

I'm six years old, I'm

18:01

from Penticton, Canada and I

18:04

want to know why

18:06

are people's eyes colored differently?

18:08

Thanks, bye! That's a really

18:10

great question. Just like hair

18:13

color is kind of different and it's

18:15

just kind of how you add, it's all

18:17

kind of determined by those kinds of genes.

18:21

Other things can change the iris color

18:24

as you're growing older or like if you have

18:26

surgery on your eyes or something, your iris can

18:28

change color or shape even. And

18:31

I would highly encourage you if you're able

18:33

to take a look at some of these

18:35

eyes underneath what's called the foot lamp, which

18:38

I probably should have explained. We usually look

18:40

at the eyes under the foot lamp. It's

18:42

like a microscope but

18:44

it's upright and so if you look

18:47

at an iris under the foot lamp,

18:49

you'll see that it looks totally different

18:51

than if you look at an iris just

18:53

without it, just face to

18:55

face. And it's colors

18:58

are made up of all

19:00

the pigment that is deposited on

19:02

that iris structure, on that ring shaped structure

19:05

that we call the iris. And so you

19:07

can have like splotches of color, you can

19:09

have mixtures of color and all that. So

19:11

that's where all that, so it's just pigment

19:14

deposition and just like in the rest of

19:16

our skin sometimes we have collections of color

19:18

that's called freckles. So you can have freckles

19:20

in your eyes too. Yeah. There

19:23

are genetic components to your eye color,

19:26

meaning the genes your biological parents give

19:28

you play a role in what color

19:30

your eyes turn out to be. But

19:33

it's pretty complex. Eye

19:35

color is part of the diversity of all the

19:37

people in the world and how we all look

19:39

a little bit different. And

19:41

here's something Nate, sometimes babies are born

19:43

with a certain eye color that changes

19:45

into a different one over their first

19:48

several months of life. My

19:50

eye color is kind of, I guess a

19:52

light brown or yellow.

19:55

My mom always called it caramel color when

19:57

I was a kid. Dr. Singh

20:00

took a look at my iris, the colored part,

20:02

in that thing she just called a slit lamp

20:05

and she says, technically, my eyes

20:07

are considered hazel. I didn't

20:09

know that. And I have a

20:11

freckle in one of my eyes. She

20:13

took a picture of my eye that we'll share

20:15

on our social media pages and in our newsletter.

20:18

It was really cool to see how

20:20

different my iris looked magnified. Kind

20:23

of like the difference between a mountain you

20:25

see from far away that looks smooth in

20:28

all one color and a mountain

20:30

you see right in front of you, full

20:32

of the texture and colors of different trees,

20:34

hills, and valleys. We

20:37

had one more thing to do in our eye

20:39

exam. This is what I call my dinosaur hunting

20:41

hat. We use it, this is the last thing

20:43

that I usually do for kids to look at

20:45

their optic nerve and their retina. So that's the

20:48

two structures that are in the back layer of

20:50

your eye and I want to make sure that

20:52

those are healthy too. And

20:54

so I put on this hat, which

20:57

has a very... Oh, you put it on? I don't get to put

20:59

it on? Sometimes. If you're able to

21:02

follow the directions, sometimes we can have you put

21:04

it on actually. And then it

21:06

has a bright light. And then we

21:08

take another lens over here and

21:11

this is how I get to see your

21:13

optic nerve. So you look right at me and I

21:16

can look all the way into the back of your eye.

21:19

It's easier when the lights are down actually. You

21:23

can look right at your optic nerve. It's

21:26

very bright, right? Yeah, and it almost

21:28

feels like I can see blood vessels or

21:30

something in my eye. Is that possible? Yep,

21:32

it is. It's

21:36

usually how I get kids to look at it.

21:39

We do a lot of noises, animal noises. Like

21:43

ribbit. Or rah. That's

21:48

when I know I can see the dinosaur in your eye.

21:51

I can't see anything because he's trying to bright light in

21:53

my eye. And what

21:55

are you seeing? What does it look like when

21:57

you see my optic nerve? the

22:00

nerve head on. So

22:02

it's like a cable and if you aren't

22:06

looking at the length of the cable you turn

22:08

it so that you can see the circle at

22:10

the end of it. That's what the optic nerve

22:12

looks like. And it has a natural depression or

22:14

a cup or a spot where it goes down.

22:17

Kind of a dent. A dent is a

22:19

good word, yeah, in the center and I want to

22:21

make sure all of that looks healthy. Because the optic

22:23

nerve is connected to your brain, if something's going on

22:25

in your brain making you sick, we can sometimes see

22:27

it in the optic nerve. Some other

22:31

stuff can happen. And so we want to

22:33

make sure your optic nerves are nice and

22:35

healthy. They're also malformation, things that kids

22:37

are born with that

22:39

we can diagnose. And you would never know it because

22:42

that's the only vision you've ever had unless we

22:44

take a look. So that's the

22:46

optic nerve and then all of the tissue,

22:48

all of the stuff around it is called

22:50

the retina. And that's the stuff, like I

22:52

said, that gives you your color vision, that

22:54

gives you your ability to see really, really

22:56

fine detail. The fancy word

22:58

for those cells

23:01

are called photoreceptors and that

23:04

we want to make sure all of that's healthy. One

23:07

of the things that you can test for too is if I'm

23:10

seeing all of the colors that

23:12

many people can see or if

23:14

sometimes maybe I don't see all

23:17

of the same colors. But

23:19

then there's that kind of age-old question

23:21

that so many of us have had

23:23

in our lives of how

23:25

do I know that what I call

23:27

red is the same thing that you

23:29

call red? My name is

23:32

Eleanor. I'm seven years old and

23:34

I live in Brooklyn, New York.

23:37

And my question is, how

23:39

do we know that we are seeing the

23:41

same colors? Well that

23:43

is a really great question and a

23:45

really great way to think about it.

23:48

It's a really, that's

23:50

the importance of realizing that we're

23:52

all experiencing the world through our

23:54

own filters and our own brain.

23:56

And that's, you know, we're

23:58

not always seeing the same color. the person

24:00

next to us because we all have different

24:02

retinas and we all have different cells

24:05

in our eyes and our brain is telling

24:07

us what we're seeing and so we all

24:09

have different brains. But we do

24:11

have a standardized way of testing your, it's called

24:15

the color plates. We

24:17

can test your color vision with that

24:20

and we have you kind of, we usually

24:22

test one eye at a time and we have you go

24:25

through and tell us what you're seeing. This is for little

24:27

kids. So you showed me

24:29

pictures with lots of little dots and to

24:31

me it looks like many of the

24:33

dots are different shades of orange but

24:35

then inside this circle some of the

24:38

dots are different shades of green in

24:40

the shape of a square. So

24:42

if I couldn't see the green I might

24:45

just see all of these dots as one

24:47

big circle, right? And then you would know

24:49

that I'm not seeing green. Yes, exactly. So

24:51

somebody who can't tell the difference between green

24:53

and red are going to say that they

24:55

don't really see that square shape in the

24:57

center. That's made up of the green dots

25:00

and so that's how we know that you're seeing

25:02

the world differently. But the shades

25:04

of green that you see, we both have normal

25:06

color vision, that you see compared to me might

25:08

be different because we just have different ways of

25:11

seeing the world. And I

25:13

might call it light green and you might

25:15

say that's not light green, that's military green

25:18

or spruce tree green. Yeah,

25:21

exactly. Is there anything else

25:23

that we should know about eye exams? I

25:26

think the main thing is we

25:28

all know that you're anxious and you're nervous and

25:30

we all really appreciate you, like the kids being

25:33

so brave because we do ask them to do

25:35

a lot and sometimes even more

25:37

than what we ask the adults to do

25:39

and they are just usually so game and

25:41

they really try their hardest. So it

25:44

is a different exam and there's different reasons

25:46

why we're seeing the kids because we want

25:48

you to learn to see as good as

25:50

you can. And so that takes

25:52

time and that takes a lot of

25:56

like trying new things. Dr. Singh, thank

25:58

you very much for teaching us. about eyes and

26:00

eye exams. This is so interesting. Thank

26:03

you so much for being interested. It

26:05

was great conversation, thank you. That

26:08

was Dr. Sujata Singh, a pediatric

26:10

eye doctor at the University of

26:12

Vermont Medical Center and the Lerner

26:14

College of Medicine. Now,

26:16

if you have a question about anything, have

26:18

your adult send us a voice recording of

26:20

you asking it. You can do

26:22

it on a smartphone using a voice recorder or

26:25

voice memo app. Be sure to

26:27

include your first name, where you live and

26:29

how old you are with your question. Then

26:31

your adult can email the file to

26:33

questions at butwhykids.org. Or

26:37

you can submit a question directly

26:39

at our website, butwhykids.org. But

26:41

Why is produced at Vermont Public

26:43

and distributed by PRF. Our

26:46

team includes Melody Beaudet, Kiana Haskin

26:48

and me, Jane Linton. On

26:51

scene music is Ray Lucrono. We'll

26:53

be back in two weeks with an all new episode.

26:56

Until then, stay curious. From

27:13

PRX.