The dog training and behavior industry is all abuzz with the conversation of ethics. A field that largely adhered to the LIMA (least intrusive, minimally aversive) principle is now divided once more on this stance. But what does it truly mean to be least intrusive? Doesn’t “least intrusive” imply minimally aversive? Do we need a new model entirely, as those in favor of the newer LIFE (least inhibitive, functionally effective) principle propose? In part one Sarah delves into what it might mean to be least intrusive, and sets the background for the part two conversation which will go into practical applications.

LIFE:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1558787823001430

LIMA:https://www.ccpdt.org/about-us/least-intrusive-minimally-aversive-lima-effective-behavior-intervention-policy/

HH: https://www.behaviorworks.org/files/articles/Why%20Animals%20Need%20Trainers%20Who%20Adhere%20to%20a%20Procedural%20Hierarchy.pdf

Five Freedoms:https://www.aspca.org/sites/default/files/upload/images/aspca_asv_five_freedoms_final1.ashx_.pdf

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