0:00

So listen, y'all, you've heard me tell a

0:02

lot of stories about Policy Genius over the

0:04

years. Policy Genius, just to be clear, is

0:06

not an insurance company. It's a marketplace that

0:09

helps people find and buy insurance. With Policy

0:11

Genius, you can find life insurance policies that

0:13

start at just $292 per year for $1

0:15

million of coverage. Some

0:19

options offer same-day approval and avoid unnecessary

0:21

medical exams. So I know we talk

0:23

a lot about death on this podcast,

0:25

and then we use that talk about

0:27

death to talk about Policy Genius. But

0:29

for real, for serious, you probably

0:32

need life insurance, and Policy Genius

0:34

is a great place to get

0:36

it. Check life insurance off your

0:38

to-do list in no time with

0:40

Policy Genius, head to policygenius.com, or

0:43

click the link in the description to

0:45

get your free life insurance quotes and

0:47

see how much you could save. That's

0:49

policygenius.com. Policy Genius. Because

0:51

you will leave behind people who

0:54

love and need you. That's

0:56

not their tagline, but, you know, I like it.

1:04

Hello and welcome to Dear Hank and

1:06

John! Or as I prefer to think

1:08

of it, Dear John and Hank and

1:10

Dr. Katie Mack. Hello. It's a podcast

1:12

for our two brothers and sometimes a

1:14

special guest. Answers questions, give you dubious

1:16

advice, and bring you all the week's

1:18

news from both Mars and AFC Wimbledon.

1:20

And also talk about the universe together.

1:22

John, one time at the

1:25

end of my physics lecture, I went to my

1:27

professor and I said, I said,

1:29

what happened before the Big Bang though? And he

1:31

said, sorry, there's no time. That's

1:34

the bad joke that we're having. Dr. Mack, is that funny?

1:42

Good answer. It's

1:44

hilarious though. Yes, definitely. So

1:47

we're joined today by noted

1:51

Canadian-American astrophysicist Dr.

1:53

Katie Mack, who

1:57

Is the co-host with me of a

1:59

hit new podcast. Cast called Crash Course

2:01

The Universe. That is the history of

2:03

the entire universe right? Katie? Yes,

2:05

It's a it's it's word do in

2:08

the whole thing. all the announcers we

2:10

don't have a story from the first

2:12

second until before the most. are you

2:15

sure. I'm sorry, excuse me. We

2:17

take like half absurd wonder gets a

2:19

second. As true or of a bit

2:21

of lot of know eco seconds involves the phrase I

2:23

didn't even know before this. But then you also look

2:25

at like what's gonna happen. Because. We we've

2:27

added we could draw the line out pretty effectively.

2:30

And and. At

2:33

this podcast. was really inspired by my

2:35

reading of Doctor Max incredible book the

2:37

End of Everything Astrophysically Speaking which discusses

2:39

the End of Everything and it really

2:41

got my head go and. It's

2:45

not that discouraging to me personally, because I

2:47

won't be here. But. Some of my protons

2:49

will be. Asia. Saw.

2:52

The same stuff is very weird. It's

2:54

that like I can lose my air

2:57

pod, but it's like definitely out there

2:59

somewhere. That

3:02

slick. We know that for sure it's

3:04

so aware. Yeah. Yeah with

3:06

you think that's weird, wait until you hear

3:08

about how proton sometimes have things that way

3:10

more than protons inside of them but they

3:13

still way what a proton way is here.

3:15

eighteen it has the apparently it's just all

3:17

the protons are just sharing that one big

3:19

particle amongst some. That's the only way it

3:21

makes sense right now that I meant no

3:24

it's not that isn't like that citizen like

3:26

that's what that means. I mean I wouldn't

3:28

even be surprised if it was that were

3:30

at likely that is a it's It's such

3:33

a mess and system as settle quantum. Oh.

3:35

My gosh, yeah I do. Someone's going

3:37

into quantum sauce it? Yes. Really. mind blowing.

3:40

And that's one thing that we get

3:42

to. And the podcast just a little bit

3:44

we're not trying to like. teach. Graduate

3:47

level Astrophysics. Here We're just trying to

3:49

get regular people like me excited about

3:51

being in in a universe being part

3:53

of the universe like we're not just

3:55

looking at it, were were made out?

3:58

Is it real weird? While

4:00

twenty, we check out the new podcast Crash

4:02

Course The Universe. I think one episode is

4:04

on the Deer, Hank and John podcast seed

4:06

but if you want more than that you

4:08

gotta subscribe wherever you get your podcast or

4:10

watch a youtube.com crash course. If it really

4:12

goes and does that leave right now than

4:14

it will like suit up the charts. I

4:16

don't want to real what is now when

4:18

podcast in America that suiting up the charts

4:20

that that's a big deal at matter yeah

4:22

so it you just secular. Check out. Could.

4:25

The Which are looking to replace Joe Rogan.

4:27

It's tough to the at the top of

4:29

the hit list. Wouldn't that be a worthy

4:32

cause as to whether your when I think

4:34

for the whole universe of so we've got

4:36

some great questions about the universe. Weird ones

4:38

mostly for Doctor Mack, but a little bit

4:41

for me Now that I'm I've I've I've

4:43

asked a lot of questions about the universe.

4:45

This first one comes from a painter who

4:47

writes dear John and Hank when the universe

4:49

expands, do existing stars and clouds of gas

4:52

and start nurseries move to take up that

4:54

space. Like how gas. Fills the entire available

4:56

space or his new matter actively created in

4:58

that expanded always what will? This new matter

5:00

beats to the big bang for your all

5:02

the matter that will ever exist in the

5:04

universe. Very confused what is going on? I

5:07

feel like you can actually answered a slinky

5:09

yeah this is a great cost since it

5:11

out there was so. The. Idea

5:13

that as the that as the

5:15

universe. Is expanding more stuff has

5:18

been created. Was was one of the

5:20

big series about. The. Universe. I'm.

5:22

Back. In the days early

5:25

nineteen hundreds sort of. My. Says

5:28

Amazon as I'm i'm in the first half of

5:30

about two hundred says as the idea of the

5:32

steady state universe rate. And

5:35

I'm. That might have been a

5:37

little later than that, but anyway there was this idea

5:39

that that the universe is is expanding but like new

5:41

matter is showing up so so it looks the same

5:43

all the time. like their own be the same amount

5:46

of stuff and. We now

5:48

we we. We really don't think that's happening.

5:50

What what it looks like is is. Everything's

5:52

getting farther apart and. There's.

5:54

Just more empty space and assume

5:57

other stuff as all their. yeah

5:59

yes So what

6:01

we see when we look at the expansion of the universe is

6:04

that things are moving away from us, things are

6:06

moving away from each other, there's more space in

6:08

between stuff. And to

6:10

be clear, that's only happening on really large

6:12

scales. So between distant

6:15

galaxies, there's more space happening.

6:18

Between the Earth and the Sun, there is

6:20

not more space happening. Right. I'm

6:22

not getting bigger. I thought that for a second.

6:24

Maybe space just gets bigger, but how would we

6:26

know if it was happening if we are also

6:28

part of space? Maybe

6:30

humans used to be tiny and we're

6:32

gotten, but no. We are the same

6:35

size. Yeah, yeah. All the

6:37

stuff that's bound in some way

6:39

is staying bound in that way.

6:41

So the galaxy is gravitationally bound, the

6:44

solar system is gravitationally bound, clusters

6:46

of galaxies are gravitationally bound. Those

6:49

things stay together, but the more

6:51

distant things where there's a lot

6:53

of space in between are just

6:55

getting farther apart. So the

6:57

density of matter in the universe is going down.

6:59

The density of radiation in the universe is going

7:01

down over time. The one

7:04

thing that the density does not seem to be

7:06

decreasing is dark energy. And there's

7:09

a lot of research into this and things are getting

7:11

messier. But

7:14

it appears that dark energy kind of remains

7:16

at a constant density because it seems to

7:18

be just something that's tied up in how

7:20

much space there is. There's a certain amount

7:22

of space, there's a certain amount of dark

7:24

energy or cosmological constant in it. And

7:27

so if that's the case, if it really is

7:29

a cosmological constant, that's just a constant in the

7:32

universe, then the amount of dark energy is not

7:34

changing. The amount

7:36

is changing, but the density is not changing,

7:38

if you see what I mean. There's more

7:40

space, there's more dark energy. That makes total

7:43

sense, by which I mean it does not

7:45

make any sense at all. But I was

7:47

going to say, I'm glad it makes sense

7:49

to somebody because to me, dark energy itself,

7:51

the cosmological constant itself puts me at the

7:53

very edge of where I can understand the

7:55

idea that there is an energy that's constant,

7:57

that we don't understand and can't observe I

8:00

get a pretty strong like

8:03

this is a current like

8:06

we have to have this here for things to

8:09

make sense but like it's

8:13

just making things make sense right now. It's

8:15

just a constant basically. I mean what we see

8:17

is that the universe is expanding, what we see

8:19

is the expansion of the universe is accelerating

8:21

and so we have to call whatever

8:24

is doing that something. We call it

8:26

dark energy. A cosmological constant

8:28

is a kind of dark energy that

8:30

we've theorized that is just tied to

8:32

how much space there is. It's a sort of property

8:35

of space and

8:37

that seems to fit the data for the most part.

8:39

There are a couple places where we're a little unsure

8:42

at the moment but it seems to fit and if

8:45

that's the case then yeah there's this weird stuff that's

8:47

just kind of built into the universe that causes

8:49

more expansion and when there's more space there's

8:51

more of that so there's more expansion. That's

8:53

why the universe is accelerating in its expansion

8:57

but we don't have an explanation

8:59

for it at any level. There

9:01

are theories but we don't have

9:03

anything where we can say like

9:05

this is what dark energy is this is why it's

9:08

like that. It's

9:10

a huge mystery really.

9:13

But so the point of that is that like yeah

9:15

the amount of matter seems to be saying the same

9:18

which means the density of matter is going down. The

9:20

amount of radiation seems to be

9:23

basically saying the same although radiation matter

9:25

kind of turn into each other in certain ways.

9:28

The density of that is going down. The

9:30

density of dark energy is possibly not going

9:32

down so there's something that's

9:35

there's more of it as there's more

9:37

space but it's not matter and it's not

9:39

energy. Yeah. So does this mean

9:42

that time is

9:44

really just things getting further apart?

9:46

Oh boy. I don't know if

9:48

we needed to bring time into it. No but

9:51

that's an excellent segue to talking about

9:53

the way that we talk about time

9:56

as cosmologists. So we in

9:58

general in cosmology we don't. talk about time

10:00

in terms of like billions of

10:02

years. We talk about it in

10:04

terms of, well, we usually

10:06

use redshift, which I'll

10:09

get to that in a minute, but that's tied to

10:12

what's called the scale factor, which is like the size

10:14

of the universe. So when we talk

10:16

about seeing a distant galaxy, we're

10:18

really tying that galaxy

10:22

to how big the universe was when the light

10:24

left that galaxy and came to us. Because

10:27

we can only see that galaxy as

10:29

it was however long ago it took

10:32

the light to travel to us. And

10:34

so you're saying that the eight,

10:36

you're not thinking about time, you're thinking about the

10:38

size of the universe. You think about the time as

10:40

size. That's like the timeline we use. Yeah, yeah.

10:42

So what we actually observe is we see the

10:44

light from that distant galaxy, we see that the

10:46

light has been stretched out by the extension of

10:48

the universe in the time that the light has

10:51

been traveling to us, and the amount that that

10:53

light has been stretched out is called the redshift.

10:56

And we sort of order things

10:58

in time by redshift rather than

11:00

by time, because we can

11:02

observe the redshift directly. We see exactly how

11:04

much that light stretched out. But in

11:07

order to connect that to a number

11:10

of years ago, we need to apply

11:12

our cosmological model that sort of connects

11:14

how the universe has been expanding over

11:16

time. And so when we talk

11:18

about a distant galaxy, we talk about

11:20

it in terms of like, oh, that's a redshift

11:22

10 galaxy, or oh, that's a redshift 3 galaxy.

11:25

And that's where we, that's

11:27

like how we order things in terms of how long

11:29

ago that that thing was

11:31

shining. So you literally measure time

11:34

by measuring space, measuring the size

11:36

of the universe at that time.

11:38

Yeah, yeah. But then somebody

11:40

has already a headline about it, and so

11:43

you have to tell them a number of

11:45

years. And we have to do that calculation

11:47

every time, right? Like whenever there's a headline

11:49

about like the most distant galaxy observed, or

11:51

you know, JWST is seeing a galaxy, you

11:54

know, whatever number of years, we what

11:56

we do is we say, okay, we see a galaxy

11:58

at redshift, you know, a lot of times. 11.2

12:01

or whatever and we have to go back to

12:03

our models and stick it in the calculator and

12:05

like calculate Okay, how many years ago was that? Yeah,

12:07

so but but what we do know

12:09

is is how much smaller the universe was When

12:12

that light was emitted which is it's weird that that's the

12:14

thing we know To

12:18

have strange that it's strange that we know

12:20

more about the size of the universe in

12:22

the distant past and we do about time

12:24

Like how many seconds have gone by? Yeah.

12:26

Yeah. Yeah time. Okay, let's move on to

12:28

another question Because my head is starting to

12:30

hurt and my stomach is also starting to

12:33

hurt Because I know that

12:35

if everything just keeps getting further away from

12:37

everything else that is over time What

12:40

what we know is a proper issue This

12:43

question comes through it's a level one emergency Nice,

12:46

right. Well, yeah, I

12:48

know we know right Katie like we have a

12:50

level one emergency long term It's

12:53

it's it's gonna get it's gonna get

12:55

uncomfortable eventually I mean, we're we're

12:57

gonna talk about that more in the podcast.

12:59

But yeah, yeah, we have we have if

13:02

things keep spreading I know level one emergency

13:04

something that's gonna deeply affect Me

13:06

or the people I love or my descendants and

13:09

I feel like cosmologically we have a level one

13:11

emergency Yeah,

13:13

great. I was going to confirm is that

13:16

for the moment things are pretty stable and will

13:18

be for a while But Nisha

13:20

has a problem and things are not able for Nisha

13:22

because it's 2 a.m And my bed just broke and

13:24

I need to figure out how to fix it without

13:27

turning the lights back on I don't know why and

13:29

I also don't know why you had to bust out your

13:31

phone and Email us

13:33

instead of dealing with the matter at hand

13:36

But I mean, hey, have you ever had

13:38

a problem that you could distract yourself by

13:40

using your phone with because that's what people

13:42

do I guess yeah, I do do that

13:45

a lot Nisha

13:47

wants to know can we not see stuff in

13:49

the dark because everything looks black if Everything

13:52

on earth was always the exact

13:54

same color. Would we be able

13:56

to see anything at all? I

13:58

need a new map Mattress, Nisha.

14:02

Wow. If

14:04

everything on Earth were the exact same

14:06

color, would we be able to see

14:08

anything? If there were no color distinctions?

14:11

If everything on Earth was

14:13

black, like deep pitch black,

14:16

vantablack painted like matte black,

14:18

it might be pretty hard to see stuff. If

14:21

you had light, you could still see outlines,

14:23

right? You could still see depth. None

14:25

of it was like, if it absorbed 100% of the light, you

14:27

couldn't. Right. Which is very

14:29

hard to get. Yeah, so if you had like super

14:32

vantablack, right? Yeah. Like

14:34

where there's no reflections at all? Yeah.

14:37

It would be a proper issue. Yeah. I

14:39

think it would just look black, even if the

14:41

sun was out. But if it was any other color,

14:43

it would be shades of that color. So

14:46

if everything was beige, it would

14:48

be shades of beige, and that you would just

14:50

see the world as a person who has like

14:52

monochromatic vision, like

14:54

a colorblindness where they can only see one color.

14:58

You would see the world like that person does. Yeah.

15:00

How would you know to hate the franchise

15:02

currently applying its trade in Milton Keynes? Like

15:05

would that mean that you couldn't have soccer?

15:08

No, John. Because you couldn't tell who your teammates

15:10

were. We would find ways to tell the stories.

15:13

It'd just be stripes versus solids.

15:16

It'd be stripes versus solids. Well, with stripes, you

15:18

need... Shirts versus skins, old school style. With stripes,

15:20

you need two colors for stripes. Great

15:22

point. Oh, no. I don't

15:25

know what I was thinking. This

15:27

is why we have a proper scientist on the

15:29

podcast. You do need two colors for

15:31

stripes. You would need to make

15:33

the player's different shapes. I don't

15:37

know how you're going to do that, but that's what you need to do. Yeah,

15:39

you could have a laugh. You need to make

15:42

one Jersey circular and

15:44

one Jersey rectangular. That would be tricky.

15:47

That would be tricky. No, there'd

15:49

be like a slight home advantage

15:51

because you could wear a regular shirt instead

15:53

of having to wear a big puffy shirt.

15:56

Yeah, you have to wear like

15:58

a mystery shirt. Man

16:00

shirt it could be any yeah, you'd have to

16:02

wear like like a like a state-plus marshmallow I'll

16:04

hurt yeah, like remember that remember

16:06

that AI thing with where the

16:08

Pope was wearing that big Balenciaga coat Yeah, we're

16:11

one of those it'd be like that or it

16:13

could be just crop tops versus regular shirts. I

16:17

Don't know if that's enough like I don't know if just

16:19

glancing you could tell And it's

16:21

good enough for me Alright, I

16:23

gotta put half the players in tight little

16:25

crop tops I Chirts

16:28

versus blue shirts might work. You just

16:31

make one of the players jerseys shiny

16:34

Hmm what shiny is that

16:36

color? No, that's just

16:39

reflection like we've established you're allowed

16:41

to have reflections Right. It's

16:43

not all vantablack, right? Yeah So

16:45

you make one of them like a shiny finish

16:47

and one of them a matte finish and then

16:49

you you can easily tell them apart You

16:52

could even make the stripes out of shiny and

16:54

or versus Matt if you really want to be

16:56

technically the same color They just be different albedo.

16:58

I think we've got a potentially new New

17:01

branding opportunity for AFC Wimbledon the

17:03

shiny and matte stripes That's

17:07

a question comes from Kristen who writes hey

17:09

John and Hank I recently got

17:12

contacts and the internet is telling me I can't take naps

17:14

in them Hmm Kristen

17:17

Kristen just ask your optometrist

17:20

don't go to the internet Don't

17:24

ask Google. Is that a real

17:26

thing or is cleaning? Is it like cleaning your ears with

17:28

two tips where everybody says you shouldn't do it, but you

17:30

can You're

17:35

approaching your facial health all wrong.

17:38

Yeah, so it is very

17:40

much like few tips in that people do it,

17:42

but you shouldn't It

17:45

depends on the length of the nap in my opinion if

17:47

you're gonna take like a 15 minute nap, it's fine Well,

17:50

I like a three-hour nap. I can't

17:52

be the person to ask because I

17:54

had contacts for Like

17:56

six months and then I lost them in a mosh pit

17:59

and I was like I'm not getting those again. Dr.

18:01

Mack, do you have good vision or do you have? I

18:04

have excellent vision. I have sniper vision.

18:07

I got an eye test once and

18:09

the optometrist told me I should become

18:11

a sniper. Wow, that's a

18:13

weird thing to come out of a medical appointment. It

18:15

really was. You should kill it. Yeah,

18:19

it was a little concerned. When

18:23

that was the sort of obvious upshot

18:25

of my special skills is like, oh,

18:27

you can kill people from a distance.

18:29

Congratulations. No, I don't want to do

18:31

that. Yeah. It seems like there should

18:34

be other things I can do. Does

18:36

it help in cosmology at all? Do you

18:38

feel like you can pick out a distant

18:41

galaxy that others miss? No, it does help

18:43

with flying though. It's actually very good for

18:45

that. I can spot the airplanes from very

18:47

far away. I almost just need to

18:49

guess. And the people I'm flying with cannot see them. So

18:52

you can't tell Katie Mack that

18:54

sneezing isn't normal. I

18:57

almost just sneezed and sneezing is very unusual

18:59

for humans and it would have

19:01

made me feel very disturbed but I managed to hold

19:03

it in like a normal person would. I'm

19:06

glad that you have supervision as a pilot.

19:08

I always forget that you're a pilot because

19:10

I feel like we're friends and we have

19:12

fairly similar value systems. And then you

19:15

come out with also I fly airplanes

19:17

and I'm like, no, we're completely differently.

19:19

You're a fundamentally different human beings. Yeah.

19:23

Like you're much closer to a dolphin

19:26

than you are to me. It

19:29

would be my presumption from the fact that you

19:31

fly airplanes. Like I have no idea what it

19:33

is like to have an urge to fly an airplane.

19:35

No, I don't have that one either. It's a lot of fun.

19:38

It was kind of a pandemic hobby.

19:40

I got a little stir crazy

19:42

sitting at home too much and

19:46

I needed to get outside and then there was this

19:49

little airport nearby and I was like, well, I'll

19:51

try that. And then

19:53

I got really, really obsessed with

19:56

it kind of unexpectedly. Can

20:00

you fly like a 747? No.

20:03

I don't know how that works. No, I can

20:05

fly a single engine airplane, specifically

20:08

a single engine land airplane, not a

20:10

sea plane. And I

20:12

am learning to fly a multi-engine, but that's

20:14

just two engines. And they

20:17

both have propellers. They're not, I can't fly

20:19

jets. I'm... But

20:21

if you had to, would you be

20:23

one of the people who was like,

20:25

I get like, if nobody else done

20:27

like, if the pilots are incapacitated. Yeah.

20:31

Right, right. And the flight attendant is like, hey, can anybody

20:33

land this 747? Do

20:35

you like your odds? I

20:37

like my odds better than anybody

20:40

who's not tried it or not

20:42

flown an airplane at all. Yeah.

20:45

I think that there was a survey going around

20:47

a while ago, like, do you think you could

20:49

land... Like, do you think you

20:51

could do a bunch of different things and like, fly a bear or

20:53

whatever? And one of them was landing a 747. And

20:56

I felt like, you know, I have decent odds

20:59

that like, I could get the plane onto

21:01

the ground and we would

21:03

at least mostly survive. I think that's...

21:05

They'd need to get a new plane,

21:07

but nobody would need new bodies. That's

21:10

the hope. Yeah. Yeah.

21:13

So just to go through that questionnaire

21:15

real quick, I could not fight

21:17

a bear. And I am baffled by

21:19

anyone who thinks they could fight a bear. I

21:22

think I could like, I think I could

21:24

talk a bear down off the ledge, you know? I

21:26

don't think I could fight a deer. Like,

21:28

no, of course not. I could barely

21:30

fight a raccoon and they'd wait 20

21:32

pounds. You know, like,

21:35

if... I think about this sometimes

21:37

when I see a coyote and the coyote will be

21:39

like, whoa, whoa, whoa, sorry, man. Didn't mean to get

21:41

in your way. And I'm like, are you kidding? Like,

21:43

you could win. Like, you would have a

21:45

great chance. Yeah. This is

21:47

a lot of food I'm carrying around these two legs. I

21:50

definitely could not defeat a bear. I

21:53

feel like I could

21:56

intimidate a bear. But

21:58

my best self-wish... be intimidating a bear,

22:01

right? Like my best self would be like,

22:03

hey bear, and like raising my hands up

22:05

and like, I'm a big bad scary human,

22:07

you better walk away from me. My actual

22:10

self would literally just crumpled into a ball

22:12

and wait for the bear to take me.

22:15

You never know what's going to happen until it happens.

22:17

This is what you are. I

22:20

also could not land a plane, right? Like even

22:22

with all the air traffic, people being like, I

22:25

think I might get lucky with that up. Yeah,

22:27

there's zero percent chance. I might get lucky with

22:29

the bear. I have a zero percent chance of

22:31

interest. Or being like, ow, that hurt too much.

22:33

Like you poked me in the eye and I

22:36

like, there's berries nearby. That's not going to happen

22:38

in a plane where the plane's like, oh, I'll

22:40

just land myself since it seems like you're having

22:42

such a hard time. I

22:45

feel like that's our biggest green flag, Hank,

22:47

is like we know our limitations. We don't

22:49

know all of our limitations. That's true. That's

22:51

a really good point. I keep running up

22:54

into them all the time. Do you know

22:56

the limits of knowing your limits? That's

22:58

true. You do run up against the limits of

23:00

your own talent a lot when you work in

23:02

a creative field. You should take your contacts out

23:04

before you take a nap, but you probably don't

23:07

have to. And this is the thing. This is

23:09

the thing with the Q-tips too, where

23:11

it's like, yeah,

23:13

but you shouldn't. It pushes

23:15

the wax in and then you have to get a doctor to take

23:17

it out. Or, just use

23:20

an ear candle. Those are totally.

23:29

Or you could just sort of like wave

23:31

a wand around it and pray. This question

23:33

is from Rowan who writes, Hi, John and

23:36

Hank, I'm Rowan and I'm five. Okay.

23:38

First off, Rowan, no bragging. Okay.

23:41

Very impressive that you can type

23:43

in everything. That's great. If I fly

23:45

a real spaceship, how many minutes will it take

23:47

me to get out of the atmosphere and into

23:49

space so it's dark and stars and stuff? My

23:51

dad says he has literally no idea. Also, what

23:53

is literally? In my boat, Rowan, there's no way

23:55

Rowan wrote that joke. I'm sorry. I think dad

23:57

wrote that joke. And it's a great question. Great

24:00

joke, so. Yeah. Can

24:02

I tell you guys something that happened to me last night? By

24:05

the way, there's no way five-year-old Rowan made it

24:07

through that first question to

24:11

get to this one. I was reading. What happened to you

24:13

last night? I was reading Oran a book, and then he

24:15

moved all but one of his stuffed animals to one side

24:17

of his bed. And then he

24:20

interrupted me while I was reading the book, and

24:23

he pointed to his pile of stuffed animals, and

24:25

he said, Germany. And I was like,

24:28

what's happening right now? And then he pointed to the

24:30

one stuffed animal on the other side of the bed,

24:32

and he said, gerfue. It's

24:40

pretty good. I was like, I

24:42

made a loud noise. Anyway.

24:48

I'll be honest, I think it's good, but

24:50

I think it's worryingly in the brand

24:52

of Hank Green. Yeah, yeah. Like,

24:54

I'd like to see Oran branching

24:56

out into a little bit less of

24:58

a punny land and more into like

25:01

the moth joke. I

25:03

have no question. More into existential jokes. Yeah,

25:06

I'd love for him to be the new Norm

25:08

Macdonald, but he's taking his own path. Rowan,

25:12

it's just gonna matter how fast your spaceship goes.

25:14

They can go all kinds of different speeds. Can

25:17

they though? Like, don't they have to go fairly

25:19

fast just to escape the atmosphere? They

25:23

have to go 11.2 kilometers a second to

25:25

escape. I thought somebody might know the

25:27

answer. Wow,

25:30

what a pleasure it is to be potting with

25:32

an actual expert instead of a professional speculator. Why

25:34

can't I just go 11.1 kilometers a second but

25:39

just keep going? I

25:42

bet Dr. Mac has an answer. There's

25:46

a little force, Hank. No,

25:48

not that. It's not that. Let me give

25:50

you the answer. It's the weak nuclear

25:52

force, Hank. The

25:55

strong one. It's definitely one of

25:57

the forces. So if... If

26:00

you just, well, okay. First off,

26:02

a bunch of men who don't know anything. Hank,

26:05

let's just acknowledge what's happening, which is that a bunch of

26:07

men who don't know anything are talking over a woman who

26:09

knows a lot. Okay,

26:12

so I know that 11.2 kilometers

26:14

per second is escape velocity. I

26:17

don't actually do rocket

26:19

science. I do the other kind

26:21

of complicated science stuff. So

26:24

I don't know, like, the details

26:26

of what happened. So if you go,

26:28

if you are launching from the

26:30

surface of the Earth and you

26:32

just give yourself a speed, it has to

26:34

be 11.2 kilometers per second. If

26:37

you are accelerating as you're

26:39

going, you're going to be at a place where the

26:42

force on you

26:44

from gravity is a little bit less, and

26:47

then that means that the escape velocity is

26:49

a little bit less, right? So like, it

26:52

gets a little bit tricky in terms

26:54

of like, as you're moving the system

26:56

is kind of dynamical, but you

26:59

have to get enough energy to

27:01

at some

27:03

point like, balance out

27:05

the gravitational pull and

27:08

the gravitational potential energy. And so the

27:10

sort of, the total kinetic

27:12

energy that you get from going 11.2

27:14

kilometers a second in the direction

27:16

away from the center of the Earth, that's

27:18

going to balance the gravitational potential of

27:21

being pulled toward the center of the Earth.

27:23

And so that's the thing you're trying to balance.

27:27

But in terms of like, what the speed looks

27:29

like, if it's changing, when it

27:31

has to be, at what speed. Right. So

27:35

the real trick is how fast can you get

27:37

to escape velocity. And that you

27:39

can do that acceleration at a

27:41

number of different accelerations. Right.

27:43

Right. And that row in time, neither

27:45

of these people is answering this question in a way

27:47

that makes sense to me, let alone to you. Well,

27:51

well, in terms of how many minutes it gets to

27:53

the, to get to space, like

27:55

that's, that's a different question. Right. Because

27:58

That just depends on how fast your spaceship is. Happen.

28:00

Happen. Moment when it launches

28:02

and and I think that's like.

28:06

A. Few minutes like it's not very on not

28:08

of I would say and six minutes Roman I

28:10

think the answer your question is six minutes. Because

28:13

the faster if if ah if

28:15

you don't mind being real squished

28:17

for a long time. But

28:19

they gotta They gotta take account of the squish

28:21

herbal parts of the inside of the spaceship which

28:23

is going to be euro and when you grow

28:25

up and you're an astronaut in As and also.

28:28

It. Doesn't take very long to get to the

28:30

spaces and either that's like a few hours. Is

28:32

he depending on how you do it is using

28:34

the on arsenal. they got his spot and just

28:37

the part where you'd frame you have to match

28:39

speeds up. Piano. Know I'll

28:41

aren't exactly. Doc but like. I said

28:43

I've seen launches where they're like there they are

28:45

and six hours like but I think they can

28:47

be as he. they get their like for depending

28:49

on how they do it or not be living

28:52

that their sons and must now disagree as I

28:54

am. I I'm really glad

28:56

that I'm never going to experience it. Although it

28:58

sounds like both of y'all might like, it sounds

29:00

like your my know to space. If you had

29:02

the opportunity I would automatically goes. I had a

29:04

of absolute. Yeah I it's I put in my

29:06

application. So Nasa had a call a couple

29:08

months ago and I put in my application. Or.

29:11

A series. For. Space.

29:13

He would be fun to have a friend

29:15

who went to space point. Not as fun

29:17

as having all my friends on Earth. Yeah

29:20

no I would be very scared. I

29:24

I do like. I as

29:26

I as a fencer astronauts. I

29:29

have not ever want watched one of

29:31

them once. I doubt you'd make me

29:33

very nervous. Yes, I didn't watch the

29:35

web launch that. I was too

29:37

scared. So. So the should

29:40

have been. If you were selected to

29:42

be an astronaut, you would go. Oh

29:45

absolutely. Would. You go to

29:47

Mars? Yes! Yeah. Yeah.

29:51

Yeah. Would? yeah And then the first

29:53

group to go to Mars serve. To.

29:56

Get some was even better because them and

29:59

then your like. venue to like, what

30:01

steps were made? Yeah,

30:03

so like, I feel like if

30:06

I were, if they made

30:08

some kind of habitat on Mars, where you

30:10

could live for like years, you

30:12

know, I would, I would not

30:15

even necessarily require a return ticket. Like

30:17

I would go, I would just go.

30:19

I mean, I wouldn't go if it was

30:21

like, you've got like, you would go to Mars

30:23

without the ability to return to Earth. Yeah,

30:26

I mean, if it were the sort of thing

30:28

where they were like, you've got like a couple

30:30

of days of auction, I'm not doing that. But

30:32

if it were a long term, you know, habitat,

30:35

yeah, I'd live there. You're gonna die there and you

30:37

knew you're probably gonna die up there maybe a little

30:39

earlier than you would on Earth because the medical care

30:41

isn't going to be the same. What's

30:44

a few years, you know, like,

30:46

like, how many things can you really do

30:48

in life? I love the idea of us

30:50

sending like 10 people to Mars, and then

30:53

they just get old there. Eventually,

30:55

this is like 10 85 year olds on

30:57

Mars. I am speechless. Yeah,

31:00

yeah, I that's not I wouldn't sign up for

31:02

that. I got a lot going on here. I

31:06

just I just think it would be worth it. Like that,

31:08

you know, the number of things that I feel like I

31:10

think I could accomplish in life, you know, there's a number

31:12

of things I could accomplish in life, but I feel like

31:15

going to Mars would be higher

31:17

priority than any of those things. It would

31:20

be more interesting, cooler, more exciting than any

31:22

of those things. And so like, yeah, I

31:24

would replace a bunch of those, you know,

31:26

Earth things for that with that. Absolutely. But

31:29

don't you think it'd be harder to do

31:31

your fundamental cosmological work like your work as

31:33

as there's other important work to be done

31:36

on Mars? Yeah, I mean, I could I

31:38

could become a geologist, you know, I could

31:40

go out and look at rocks. And

31:42

on my downtime, I could still, you know,

31:45

read papers and do calculations, I'm sure. I

31:48

think it'd be fine. Yeah, but

31:50

you are stuck with the computer that you get when they

31:52

send you. That's true. I

31:54

guess not. Maybe they'll send you more computers. They could

31:56

they could send more. Yeah. When

31:59

I said earlier, that I

32:01

feel like if I were a

32:03

person, you'd be closer to a dolphin in

32:05

terms of our differences. I

32:08

actually dramatically underestimated our

32:10

differences. I

32:14

hope there's nothing in the way of our

32:16

friendship, John. It's like you're a person and

32:18

I'm a tuatara. Like

32:20

I have no

32:23

idea what it would be like to be willing to

32:25

go to Mars, let alone be willing to take

32:28

a one-way ticket to Mars. I

32:31

mean, you don't think it would be exciting? Like next

32:33

morning... You

32:35

know what's exciting is like going for

32:37

a walk in the woods and there's

32:39

a small chance that you'll see a

32:41

tufted titmouse. That's exciting. I'm

32:44

very nervous and I think like we don't

32:46

think about this with the moon, but

32:49

like we didn't really know enough about the moon

32:51

to go to the moon safely. It

32:54

turned out okay. So like when the

32:56

moon got into the lander,

33:00

like some moon stuff, like I don't

33:02

know, you're going to have to breathe that stuff in. What's

33:04

it made of? Is it better or worse than

33:06

asbestos? And that's how I feel

33:08

about Mars. I'm like, I'm going to go to Mars

33:11

and I'm like, I'm going to be there for years.

33:13

I'm going to be breathing a lot of Mars and

33:15

I don't know that I want to breathe Mars. We

33:18

have bits of Mars from

33:21

meteorites. We have analyzed a

33:23

lot of bits of Mars on Mars. And

33:27

we've analyzed bits of Mars on Earth from stuff that's

33:29

been sort of knocked off

33:31

of Mars. And we're working on

33:33

sample return. I

33:36

hope that that works. And

33:38

what I know of Mars, I wouldn't

33:40

want to breathe it. I'm just saying

33:42

sample return is a very far away

33:44

away from human beings return.

33:47

Yeah. Yeah. Yeah.

33:50

That's true. I'm like,

33:52

we don't have to be honest. My

33:55

armpits are pouring sweat right

33:57

now. We're talking

33:59

in hypothetical. John were not killed

34:01

that leaving soon state he could go

34:03

to Mars any time down for now

34:05

as Isis or we are present in

34:07

the third for John. Sadie's.

34:09

Willing to be the first first part of the

34:12

first group and. And she's of

34:14

a well known astrophysicist. They would be silly

34:16

to turn down her application. There's like what

34:18

would you percent chance detainees going to Mars

34:20

has are to keep him at what would

34:22

you bring to Mars that you wouldn't need.

34:25

Oh. Strictest.

34:28

Sense. I'm. I

34:30

would say books but they're just so

34:32

heavy and probably I could get get

34:34

you know himself on on my Kindle

34:36

or something. I'm. Gonna

34:40

have to think about. That when I just like

34:42

leave like your childhood stuffed animal I gonna

34:44

Little Hill. I'm

34:47

in a you know I'm not that attached to

34:49

the i uses some that I was really is

34:51

as soon I'm kind of like. They're in

34:53

a drawer somewhere. Among

34:55

sir, I'm really no sir. I I feel

34:57

like I'd have to take something small. And. Sentimental to remind

34:59

me of my family are some bizarre but news but

35:01

I i I don't have anything. it's that that I

35:03

can think of at the moment that for. Now

35:06

have a half as though his name. Oh

35:09

Rosie the today's podcast sauce you by

35:11

the robbed blind panic of your friend,

35:13

potentially going to Mars, the raw blind

35:15

panic of your friends Or to potentially

35:17

going to Mars a new a new

35:19

and exciting ceiling. The. Thought guess

35:21

is also brought to you by

35:24

the Earth's escape velocity. Eleven point

35:26

two something for second. Kilometers

35:28

Kilometers Success! We also have a project for

35:30

us a message from Josh in St. Louis

35:32

to Rachel Rachel You are a profoundly capable

35:35

person and I am so very grateful to

35:37

have you in my life. I am proud

35:39

of all the ways you are changing and

35:41

growing and I'm excited to support you always

35:43

in your journey to make yourself who you

35:45

want to be. Every new day with you

35:47

is my new favorite day with all of

35:49

the of in my heart. Josh Nut So

35:51

lovely. Easy thing for Josh. Thanks

35:54

for tuning into project for awesome. This.

35:56

episode of dear hank and john has brought

35:58

to you by blue land blue man sustained

36:00

toilet cleaner tablets are here. You just

36:02

drop them in, you want your fizz? You brush

36:04

and flush. It's like a bath bomb for your

36:06

toilet. Don't put it in your bath. That's not,

36:09

it's not like a bath bomb. I shouldn't have

36:11

said that. Keep it fresh, maybe even remove some

36:13

of the mineral deposits you got going on in

36:15

there, which are, I guess, is

36:17

fair to say unsightly, and also

36:19

plastic-free. In fact, all of Blue

36:21

Land's products have no single-use plastics.

36:23

There are none. You cannot get

36:25

a single-use plastic at this place,

36:27

because they're on a mission to

36:30

eliminate single-use plastics by reinventing cleaning

36:32

essentials to be better for you and

36:34

for the planet, for the same powerful cleaner

36:36

you're used to. And their toilet tablets are

36:38

proven to work on a range of stains,

36:40

including rust, mineral deposits, lime scale, and hard

36:42

water. How do they prove it? I imagine

36:45

they just put it in toilets. You

36:47

can save more by buying refills in bulk

36:49

or setting up a subscription. Their subscriptions are

36:52

customizable and convenient, so you never run out

36:54

of your most used products. Blue Land is

36:57

trusted by over one million homes, including

36:59

the one that I live in. We

37:01

use their dish soap, we use their hand

37:03

soap, we use the toilet cleansers. I like

37:06

it. It smells good. They have a lot of different

37:08

scents, too, which can make it kind of fun when

37:10

you're getting new ones. And when it's gonna smell like

37:12

Blue Land has a special offer for listeners right now,

37:14

you can get 15% off

37:17

your first order by going

37:19

to blueland.com/deerhank. You don't want

37:21

to miss this blueland.com/deerhank for

37:24

15% off at blueland.com/deerhank to

37:26

get 15% off. This

37:31

episode of deerhank and John is brought to

37:33

you by Thrive Market. One thing everybody's got

37:35

to do is grocery shop.

37:38

But did you know you

37:40

could grocery shop from your couch? Thrive

37:42

Market is one of my go-tos for

37:44

the grocery and household essentials. The convenience

37:46

of getting everything online and then shipped

37:49

to my doorstep. Time saver

37:51

and it's also kind of fun. Thrive

37:53

Market carries brands with high quality ingredients

37:55

and great sourcing methods. Whether you're looking

37:57

for organic kid snacks or low sugar

37:59

alternatives. or gluten-free pantry essentials, which

38:01

I indeed am. Oh my gosh, they're little

38:03

pretzel bites that they have with the peanut

38:06

butter inside of them. It

38:08

makes Catherine very happy. You can curate your own

38:10

shopping experience with just a few clicks to make

38:12

simpler, healthier shops. Not only can you save time,

38:14

but you can also save money on every single

38:16

order. On average, you can save over 30% each

38:18

time. They even

38:21

have a deals paid that changes daily.

38:23

Save time and money and shop Thrive

38:25

Market today. Go to thrivemarket.com/dear hank for

38:27

30% off your first order plus a

38:29

$60 gift. That's

38:32

p-h-r-i-z-e market.com/

38:35

dear hank. thrivemarket.com/dear

38:37

hank. This

38:41

next question comes from Rory who asks,

38:43

dear greens and Katie Mac,

38:45

when was the last time more than half

38:47

of the global population was asleep? Was it

38:50

okay? And how many people are asleep right

38:52

now? Rhymes with bedtime story Rory. I

38:54

actually looked into this. And every

38:57

day, most people are asleep for a little

38:59

while. No way. Yeah,

39:02

because most people all live sort of

39:04

in a pretty, so

39:06

like two things. First, you gotta know

39:08

that a lot of Earth is the

39:10

Pacific Ocean. So hard to remember

39:13

that because it's not on our maps, but

39:15

it's like half of Earth. So those

39:17

like- I would argue it is on our maps.

39:20

Well, it's not on a lot of them. We don't put it

39:22

on a lot of maps because like we cut, like

39:25

in order to make it into a map shape, we cut down

39:27

the middle of the Pacific Ocean and then we sort of squish

39:29

it out onto the sides. Okay. I

39:32

would argue it's still there, but that's all right. It's not.

39:37

Really, really don't wanna let this

39:39

one go because I'm right. It is there. It

39:41

does say Pacific Ocean on the map. Yeah, it's not

39:43

like we like canceled it or something. It's not like

39:45

we like don't put Hawaii on the maps because it's

39:48

in the middle there. Yeah, we

39:50

squish it all together. But anyway, there's a lot of

39:52

Earth that there's not a lot of people on because

39:55

it's the middle of the Pacific Ocean. But then

39:57

the sleep band is more narrow than the wake

39:59

band. Of course because people sleep for fewer

40:01

hours than they are awake, but there's kind of

40:03

you can sort of speak roughly Gage

40:07

a sleep band that is about eight

40:09

hours and it's about from you know

40:11

Maybe 11 o'clock at night to seven

40:14

o'clock in the morning And we're

40:16

just sort of like fudging because around the edges that

40:18

like there's gonna be people sleeping at different times in

40:20

different places as well

40:23

But that when that sleep band passes

40:25

over Asia And

40:28

India yeah, there is

40:31

a time when like pretty much When

40:33

more than when like probably like 70% of people are

40:36

asleep Which

40:38

is wild and but

40:40

also weirdly because of the Pacific

40:42

Ocean There is a time

40:44

every day when like 95% of people are

40:46

awake Because

40:49

the awake band is much bigger Which doesn't ever seem

40:51

like that to me because I'm constantly trying to do

40:53

business people in other Parts of

40:55

the world and they are always asleep. It seems

40:57

like to me I could never call them. I

41:00

wonder if the sleep band You

41:03

know as population Ages

41:06

change that's gonna change too because old

41:08

people don't sleep as long and babies

41:10

sleep much longer Yeah,

41:12

cuz the and and there's just fewer babies and more old

41:14

people every year on the earth I

41:16

mean that sleep ends gonna sort of narrow a little

41:18

bit and Also, maybe

41:20

move a little earlier in the day. Yeah. All

41:22

right, I got another question from Catherine who writes

41:25

dear John and Hank and Dr. Mack if Adams

41:27

are mostly space, how can they support our weight?

41:29

Why don't I fall through my chair? Questionably

41:32

solid Catherine. So this is

41:34

this is a great question

41:37

I feel like I'm not made of mostly

41:39

empty space so

41:41

so first of all

41:43

defining empty space is complicated because

41:46

there's like because because there's energy

41:49

all throughout space the the you

41:51

can't really localize where particles are

41:54

so they're kind of like Part

41:57

of their wave function is sort of

41:59

everywhere You can't

42:01

really say that an electron is not in a

42:03

certain space. It's just like there's a probability

42:05

it's in that place. So that

42:08

whole thing is a little bit unclear.

42:11

But the reason that things feel

42:13

solid is not because anything's

42:16

actually touching. It's because

42:18

of electrostatic repulsion. So when you're touching

42:21

something, what's really happening is that the

42:23

electrons in your fingers are pushing against

42:25

the electrons in the other thing. They're

42:28

pushing with electricity,

42:31

with the electrostatic force,

42:33

electrostatic repulsion, electromagnetism.

42:36

Is it like magnets where there's like an electron

42:40

is negative, an electron is negative, and

42:42

so you can't push two negatives together?

42:44

Yes. It's not magnetism, it's electricity, but

42:48

it's the same repulsion. So

42:51

when something feels solid, is

42:55

because you have those

42:57

atoms are packed together and the electrons are on

43:00

the edges and they're pushing against stuff. The

43:05

reason why, for example, a neutrino, which

43:08

is a tiny particle that has

43:10

no electric charge, can pass through

43:12

the Earth without noticing, is

43:15

because it doesn't have any electric charge.

43:17

So it doesn't interact in that way.

43:19

So the Earth is not solid to a neutrino or

43:21

vice versa. Can it pass through

43:23

an electron shell? Yes.

43:27

So in the space between where the electrons are

43:29

and the proton is, and the nucleus

43:31

is, it could just go right through that space.

43:33

Yeah. A neutrino can go through a light year

43:35

of lead

43:38

with only a tiny chance of interacting with anything.

43:40

Oh, it's a lot of lead. Are

43:43

there neutrinos going through me right now? Oh,

43:45

yeah. Trillions of trillions. Yeah, yeah, yeah. Huge

43:47

number. Are you serious? Yes. I'm being invaded?

43:50

Yeah, but like by like nothing. And

43:52

they're traded by neutrinos by

43:55

the trillions. Yeah, I'm the number. They're

43:58

like exit wounds the whole time. So

44:01

it's like a stream, so most of

44:03

them are coming from the Sun, so

44:05

wherever the Sun is. The Sun direction. Yeah,

44:08

they're coming mostly from that direction and just passing

44:10

right through you and not noticing and you don't

44:12

notice. And then passing through the whole Earth and

44:14

then maybe passing through somebody else on the other

44:16

side. Yeah, I think

44:19

in your lifetime there's a chance, like

44:21

you're likely going to have like one

44:23

or two neutrino interactions in your body, something

44:25

like that. It's a very small number. What

44:28

are those feelings? It doesn't pass through. So

44:31

I don't, you know, I've thought of it,

44:33

I think there's a chance it could

44:35

knock an electron a little bit, but

44:37

it's not going to be noticeable.

44:41

I mean, you're going to be hit by

44:43

other stuff. Yeah, there are bigger ways. Like

44:45

you're going to be hit by muons and

44:47

there are other cosmic rays that are more

44:49

likely. Sorry? Cosmic rays. I already mean, tell

44:51

me more. Hank, I don't want to listen to you right now. Dr. Mack,

44:53

what am I going to be hit by? Yeah,

44:55

you're going to be hit by cosmic rays,

44:58

like high energy electrons and muons and some

45:00

protons and high energy nuclei

45:02

from time to time. Like you'll be hit by

45:04

other stuff for sure. But

45:08

not so much neutrinos. I just like smashed by

45:10

it. I didn't know any of this. Yeah. Yeah.

45:14

And if you go up to like high altitude, you'll

45:16

get hit by more cosmic rays. So like if you're

45:18

in a plane or in a spaceship, you're going to

45:20

get... That's why I stay near sea level. Yeah. So

45:23

if I was like standing right underneath the

45:25

aurora borealis, would

45:27

I get an extra? So I think the

45:29

whole earth was getting extra. I don't know. I

45:31

don't know that being able to

45:34

see the aurora specifically. Because the

45:36

aurora is like what... I mean,

45:38

probably a bit like just because like

45:41

what's happening there is that these

45:43

charged particles from the sun are

45:45

smashing into the upper atmosphere and

45:47

they're kind of being funneled around by

45:49

the magnetic field. But they're smashing into stuff

45:52

in the upper atmosphere and lighting it up.

45:54

They're sort of exciting those atoms

45:57

in the upper atmosphere. what

46:00

you're seeing stuff because there's just way

46:03

more flux of cosmic rays from

46:05

this plasma thrown off by the sun. So

46:08

the fact that there is an aurora happening, yeah, you're

46:10

probably going to be hit by more stuff at that

46:12

time. I thought about that actually because some of

46:15

my friends were going flying during

46:19

the aurora and some people got some nice views

46:21

and I was like, are you getting way more

46:23

cosmic rays? Yeah. You go

46:25

up there. You're up there now. Yeah. I mean, it

46:27

definitely messes with some of the navigation equipment for planes.

46:29

So you have to be a little careful about that.

46:33

But yeah, I mean, I think it's

46:35

a little worse. I think,

46:37

yeah. Neutrinos. I mean,

46:39

yet one more reason to stay here

46:41

on Earth. Yeah. It's

46:43

such a good planet. It's the

46:46

best planet from the perspective of

46:48

getting attacked by cosmic rays. It's

46:50

protecting us so well. That's true.

46:52

And on Mars, you don't have

46:55

the magnetic field moving

46:57

stuff around. You don't have a thick atmosphere

46:59

to stop some of that stuff. Like the

47:01

flux of radiation on Mars is way worse

47:03

than here. Yeah. You don't get to live

47:05

in a nice pretty dome on Mars. You

47:08

got to live underground. You're living

47:10

under the dirt. Yeah. Yeah.

47:12

Wow. Okay. But you still

47:14

do it. Yeah. It's time

47:17

to transition to the news from Mars

47:19

and AFC Wimbledon. Mars, of course, Dr.

47:21

Max Future Home and AFC Wimbledon. Home

47:23

to my heart. I'd like to

47:25

go first, if I might. Okay. We've

47:28

signed our first new player of

47:30

the new season. Oh, all right. It's the

47:33

off season, but we've already signed someone. It's

47:35

exciting. I don't know how excited

47:37

to be because this guy, Mattie Stevens. So

47:39

we signed a guy named Mattie Stevens. He

47:42

got relegated last year, but

47:44

he scored 18 goals while being relegated,

47:46

which is pretty good. What

47:49

does relegated mean? He was on a team and

47:51

they kicked him off? No, he was on a

47:53

team and the team got demoted to the league

47:55

below. Gotcha. Their name was Forest Green Rovers, and

47:58

they got demoted to the team. The

48:00

we'd below but he actually I know are

48:02

for a screen Rovers they've They've taken their

48:04

name away from them to know their names.or

48:07

Three Rivers is just now they're no longer

48:09

in the football league. he can play as

48:11

them. and Fisa. Oh gotcha! So

48:14

anyway his name is Matt Stevens.

48:16

He is five eleven. I

48:19

don't want to get too deep into it, but he has

48:21

beautiful. Law has used. Phenomenally

48:24

beautiful. Some you look into his eyes and

48:26

it feels like the whole universe is looking

48:28

back at you. You know it feels like

48:31

wow, There's There's so much complexity within a

48:33

single individual. it's astonishing. Ah, we all

48:35

could. Yeah, he's also got like a face that makes

48:37

me think he could definitely beat me up. but I

48:39

guess that's probably true of all the soccer players.

48:41

Not only could he be you are pink but he

48:44

is a retired professional boxer. Yeah.

48:47

I could see us in, could see it in

48:49

the seventies. saw her some in the shape of

48:51

his job where it's like that guy knows how

48:53

to throw a punch which he literally does. I

48:56

think that's great because being a football player toss

48:58

it's not as tough as being a professional boxer

49:00

and so I think that like he comes to

49:02

kiss with from from an honest place he is

49:04

nice off it. Also you gotta be pretty hard

49:07

worker to be a professional boxers. I feel I

49:09

feel really good about the whole situation. I'm.

49:12

I'm. Excited Will see now. Now.

49:15

He's gonna kind of a beefy jamie tired vibe.

49:18

He's got a little bit of the Jamie Tard vibe.

49:20

you know? The guy who plays Jamie Tart is Nancy.

49:22

Wimbledon San. Yeah. To any lengths.

49:24

New talks. He likes you, he talks about? Yeah,

49:26

yeah, he's a fan of these. A fan because

49:28

he was a fan of my Cease a series

49:30

back in the day at Urchins, which I'm thinking

49:33

about bringing back Now that I've got this fancy

49:35

set up, I didn't set up a sense in

49:37

this up today. I think, what's the news from

49:39

Mars And Mars news? Ah, Nasa? And.

49:41

the european space agency has officially

49:43

signed an agreement for nasa to

49:45

provide support for the exo mars

49:47

rosalind franklin roper missions so word

49:50

at nasa's joining isa in their

49:52

rosalind franklin rover it was originally

49:54

set to launch and twenty twenty

49:56

two ah but it involves roscosmos

49:58

and isa ended up part ship

50:01

for clear reasons.

50:03

NASA will move

50:06

into that space now and will be

50:08

providing elements like the radio isotope heating

50:10

units and they're finding a US commercial

50:12

launch provider for the rover and it's

50:14

slated to launch now in 2028. And

50:17

it will

50:19

and and Katie's is gonna write

50:22

it like a like a bronco like

50:24

a motorcycle all the way just

50:26

all the way to Mars. I

50:29

don't like to say that. I don't

50:33

like it. I don't like you

50:35

going to Mars at all. I don't mind you

50:37

going to get there by 2028. Because we have a

50:39

bad no. We're gonna rename the podcast if by January

50:41

1st, 2028.

50:46

There's no humans on Mars. So I'm

50:48

feeling pretty good right now. I bought

50:50

I bought into the hype a little

50:53

too hard back in the in the

50:55

early 2000s as a scientist. What

50:57

do you think the chances are? So

51:00

2028 four years from

51:02

now. I don't think we're gonna have

51:04

humans on Mars by then. No, unless we invent teleporters.

51:07

Yeah, it's because it takes it takes

51:09

like at the in

51:11

the best circumstances. It takes like six to

51:14

nine months to get there. We don't have

51:16

a launch vehicle yet. Yeah. Like that to

51:18

like, you have to add and like there's

51:20

so many. I mean, we don't have time to go

51:22

into all the reasons why getting to Mars and living

51:25

there is very, very hard. But it's very, very hard.

51:27

And we have not solved those problems yet. No.

51:29

Well, I for one hope that we don't solve them anytime soon,

51:31

unless you go to Mars and live there for the rest of

51:33

your life. I think

51:36

it'd be awesome if you were on Mars. I

51:38

think I would really enjoy it. All right. I

51:40

mean, I support you 100%. No matter what you

51:42

want out of this world, I want you to

51:44

have but it's not we're not even talking about

51:46

this world. We're talking about a literally different world.

51:51

I want you to have everything that you want in

51:53

this world, that other world I'm not convinced on yet.

51:55

But what if I have everything I want in this

51:57

world and then it's time to move on because. I've

52:00

already had everything I want

52:02

in this world. That's a beautiful

52:04

idea. I, it's a beautiful

52:06

idea. I don't think it's possible. We're

52:09

not, nobody's going to stop wanting. We're

52:12

still getting started. We're still just getting

52:14

started as a species, as a

52:16

universe. We've got a long way to go. Dr.

52:19

Mack, thank you for potting with us

52:21

today, but more importantly, thank you for

52:23

teaching us all the history of the

52:25

universe on Crash Course, The Universe, a

52:27

new podcast available from Complexly. Hank,

52:30

it's also a joy to pod with you. Yeah.

52:33

Please go download it right now. You're in your

52:35

podcast app as you listen to this. So it's

52:37

very easy to just open it up while I'm

52:39

saying these words and you could be doing it

52:41

right now. And maybe you even are. In

52:43

fact, you are. Look at you. Look at you go. This

52:46

podcast is edited by Joseph Thunamedis. It's produced

52:49

by Rosianna Halsrohas. Our communications coordinator is Brooke

52:51

Shotwell. Our editorial assistant gets to book each

52:53

other. The music you're hearing now and

52:55

at the beginning of the podcast is by the

52:57

great Gunnarolla. And as they say at our hometown,

53:00

don't forget to be awesome. Thank you guys so much. This

53:02

was a lot of fun.