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This is a Triple J Podcast. Hello,

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welcome back to Science with Dr. Carl.

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a comment, fang us a like, keep

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us in your feed, and you can

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hear more episodes very soon. Let's

0:25

get into this one because we chat about baked

0:28

beans. They make you fart, but why? Losing

0:30

muscle tone seemingly after a few days

0:32

when it takes months to build up,

0:35

and the shake after a really good

0:37

stretch. I'm Lucy Smith, let's do

0:39

it. It

0:42

might feel like a Friday to you, and

0:44

people kind of naturally sometimes feel before a

0:47

long weekend that maybe they are on

0:49

a Friday instead of a Thursday, but this year

0:51

Easter feels particularly early, and there's a reason for

0:53

that. There is because of the way that they

0:55

defined Easter to happen. So the way it goes

0:57

is astronomy. So it turns out

1:00

that the early Christian church was big

1:02

on astronomy because for some reason they

1:04

chose Easter taking over a pagan feast,

1:06

and they gave it a weird date,

1:08

which wasn't always the same date each

1:10

year. So it's a three-part process, here

1:12

it goes. Number one, you wait for

1:15

the equinox, and that's

1:17

when there's equal numbers of hours

1:19

of day and night. And this

1:21

year, it was

1:24

March 20 at, on

1:26

the east coast of Australia, in Sydney, 2.06

1:29

p.m. on Wednesday, March

1:31

20. Okay, and so there's

1:33

a line between day and night, if you look

1:36

at the earth from outside, and at that exact

1:38

moment, that line separating

1:40

day from night if you're looking

1:42

from space, kissed the north and

1:44

south pole exactly at Sydney

1:47

time, 2.06 p.m. on March 20. So that's

1:49

the equinox. Then, this is the rules of

1:51

Easter, second step, you wait for the next

1:53

full moon, which was only a few days

1:55

later on March 25. And

1:58

then, third part, you wait for the next. The

2:00

South Equinox Full Moon Sunday. So

2:02

we go twenties of March twenty

2:04

fifth thirty once That eleven days.

2:07

But. If. You're waiting from the equinox

2:09

to the next four months. The might not

2:11

be just five days of my be twenty

2:13

seven and is you ready for the next

2:15

Sunday's of just a few days? About the

2:17

seeks in says the maximum number of days

2:19

is. Thirty three from

2:21

the rocks to the Sunday this year was

2:23

delivered. That's why is there is a live

2:26

early and odd. I'm really enjoying a four

2:28

day weekend. The three day week I think

2:30

we should. The bonus Saudi that was enough

2:32

money to go for everybody. Wouldn't. Be

2:34

nice, I've got us on a it.

2:36

I am a little. Look.

2:38

I love the it's the long weekend, I love

2:41

getting into some chocolaty goodness, I love being with

2:43

family etc. Man I gotta say I got some

2:45

things to do in these not ours. Stop the

2:47

car or what is is a heavy in your

2:49

have a tiny and I'm to sign just like

2:51

my really could have had. This is the weekend

2:53

com maybe in April. The know and

2:55

I mean this is is a running

2:57

dog like he says is such as

2:59

to preserve women's was proletariat who was

3:02

have files as he didn't say. Actually,

3:04

we were having a conversation on

3:06

breakfast this morning about what is

3:08

best to eight is to chocolate.

3:10

Is it the hello Aig? Ah,

3:12

A small solid egg by the

3:15

probably the same amount of chocolate

3:17

when you boil it down, but

3:19

still to call what's your preference.

3:21

Ongoing One Yoga for satisfaction and turns

3:23

out there was six crystalline forms of

3:25

chocolates. And the chocolate that the for

3:27

me the most delicious is the one

3:29

that you put on your tongue as

3:31

just mills and is it mills. You

3:33

can fill a slot cooling this satellite

3:36

and he's of vaporization or something or

3:38

lose weight And his to the point

3:40

is is is six forms of trouble

3:42

rising from the middle of your tongue

3:44

all the way down to con like

3:46

candle wax. So it all depends on

3:48

the quality. Is a chocolate this is

3:50

he is he fears. But on the

3:52

other hand is this varies.is is of

3:54

point out to is so what is

3:57

a discretionary foods of have a little

3:59

bit as. In and out don't to

4:01

and I am on car and is as

4:03

early people of the age of ten who

4:05

can the eaten into the bells chocolate but

4:08

suffer. That's true. Been. There hey,

4:10

are we ready to Kigali right now

4:12

as we got Evelyn in Tasmania. Evelyn

4:14

at what is your question? This is

4:17

something have been thinking about in the

4:19

library riot. Yeah. What's.

4:21

Going on. What are your what you want to put? Saddam. And

4:24

I was wondering what they have met

4:26

his fire could but it's not a

4:29

liquid that doesn't take the said that

4:31

container. And it's not falling. Not as

4:33

old. Think the he can sit up and throw

4:35

around. And. It's not gas

4:37

because it produces gas and it

4:39

also needs gas. Is it. Ah,

4:42

that is very deep and as good as

4:44

where you've thought about it. And in. Go

4:47

to the next day which is what

4:50

basic middle tools in my middle to

4:52

box can I use in the middle

4:54

tools in this particular case happened to

4:57

be the definitions of a solid as

4:59

a liquid and a guess of insult

5:01

far as difficult for is like love

5:04

and the ways is exists is real

5:06

but he can't put it in a

5:08

bottle and leave it. There is a

5:10

dynamic state. So is

5:13

is a dynamic say that exists.

5:15

only was you have the in

5:17

Greece which gas and seat and

5:19

then you get the said See

5:22

have needed building So the carbon

5:24

turns into carbon dioxide policy So

5:26

you're getting Bernie he created guess

5:28

A start off with Guess and

5:31

then some of that guess the

5:33

carbon dioxide. so the oxygen. the

5:35

embassy it's that Guess reacts now

5:37

contract with a liquid. And

5:40

Korea with a solid because there's

5:42

not enough room for the individual

5:44

atoms of oxygen to kiss up

5:46

against the individuals of carbon. Saudi

5:48

go do is apply some seats

5:51

to the week. And

5:53

then the which carries some sort of

5:55

the how to cabinets and then that

5:57

then turns into guess as it was

5:59

tipper. The guess is triggered. It is

6:01

a state with is the guess The

6:04

as accommodating is a sort of in

6:06

a guess he is form with there's

6:08

hydrogen atoms. And the Asa zones

6:10

acting as a guest and the two guesses

6:12

can kiss south. A solid car burned a

6:15

thing has to be in the guess he

6:17

stayed for to burn. So he said

6:19

there are other have a good as it of Evelyn

6:21

I'll us were what Iraq and now I guess a

6:23

good answer but I think is getting is closer to

6:25

the true the maybe something that's not easily the font.

6:27

So what is that? It just it doesn't

6:30

seem to a status matter at Popular Liquid

6:32

Solid. or I guess cause. It's

6:34

a well to to get the sly.

6:36

Oh as as usual flame is a

6:39

guess. Okay is definitely guess because when

6:41

you've got in there is some of

6:43

the hydrocarbon. Guess his folks. you've heard

6:46

that with a decent things or the

6:48

his erection you go the auctions guess

6:50

any other by price which covered oxides

6:52

within Evelyn, the heat. That

6:55

is produced s not a guess

6:57

as energy. This. Ever

7:00

knew? What do you reckon Evelyn of getting new. I've.

7:03

Got no idea like what state.

7:06

Ah his clothes that some pretty good

7:08

if you were him in a guess

7:10

is closest. Probably. Yes

7:12

is easy. Go hunting is about ten

7:14

different states of matter not just before

7:16

the we know as a through you

7:18

know of cause plasma which is what

7:20

state the sun is in with it

7:22

from the been ripped off him Adams

7:24

as the most plentiful spite of better

7:26

in the universe but in his other

7:28

states have met us such as A

7:30

Bows Costs and B O Sea Hawk

7:32

and on stone condensate. that's another state

7:34

of marriage doesn't fit into this on

7:36

the grill guess to happen we could

7:38

pdf. And

7:41

is. It more confusion. With got Catherine

7:43

in Melbourne he that Catherine even vulcan up

7:45

Fab! What's gone on. Staten

7:47

Island Bulking up good Morning

7:49

Dominic Island. Unsolicited advice. I'm

7:51

my Christian. He is. Why do

7:53

we lose muscle tone so quickly? When

7:56

we stop exercising when it takes so

7:58

long to build it up. Honestly

8:00

that seems really. Unfair. Ah, Unfair. Okay,

8:02

we've got to invoke one of the

8:04

basic laws: the universe, which is the

8:07

law of maximum inconvenience, so take you

8:09

a long time to build up. Guess

8:11

like replace this three sort of and

8:14

I'm has would sort of. Body.

8:16

Types fizzy. it's to morph.

8:19

Is. This is not quadruples cause

8:21

of is he a movie tall skinny

8:23

person says you're in the movies sort

8:25

of blobby a person and the news

8:27

you misa morph the must be sort

8:29

of person. and there are some people

8:32

who could put on muscle really quickly.

8:34

But they lose of really quickly. They

8:36

taught us skinny people stay take longer

8:39

to put it on but I hang

8:41

onto it for longer and the in

8:43

the most a sort of in between

8:45

I'm you lose muscle strength at thirty

8:47

percent per day in the sinking one

8:49

thirds but you have to do nothing.

8:52

You've actually got a lie in bed

8:54

and do nothing. and to be said

8:56

somebody comes and fees you. you don't

8:58

use you hands and they've done experiments

9:00

on this in space as many things

9:03

happen he says by having people. Lying

9:05

in bed as in urination, they just sort

9:07

of somebody help some with it and

9:09

defecation that helps to you is if you

9:11

do absolutely nothing at the end of

9:13

a day you'll have lost city to

9:15

city muscle strength and then the next day

9:18

you lose thirty percent of that and

9:20

so it goes on. So you do this

9:22

muscle quickly. but luckily you have always

9:24

moving around with regard to the ehsanul since

9:26

space even though they spend one hour

9:28

a day exercising and it's hard because

9:30

they haven't got the gravity to fight against.

9:33

So they have big strong rubber. Bands which

9:35

I have to stand against and push for the

9:37

only doing that for one hour a day and

9:39

ever twenty three hours a not is there but

9:41

in space. For. A year

9:43

when I come back they caught

9:45

of was will boiled spaghetti. They've

9:48

got no structural integrity, they can't stand up

9:50

and a sort of terrorism into a Bernard's

9:52

and you'll see them long there in a

9:54

banana chips and as of because a lazy

9:56

say can't stand up very quickly just posting

9:58

their i'm a good. Maybe they build up

10:01

strength? Wow so I'm in. So you that

10:03

you have been working out have you have

10:05

to pay. A little.

10:08

A little I'm actually injured at the moment and

10:10

that's the frustrating bit. too long day you to

10:12

Israel is wait to get up to it than

10:14

just have to stop. And he got. His

10:17

hands out alive regents as he knows he

10:19

is reduced from working out. Ah,

10:22

It's it's natural state. Supposedly.

10:25

I didn't help that. There is

10:27

some issues with my neck back sir are

10:29

you can get stronger as only when you're

10:31

in you're up to you middle my the

10:33

early twenties who says you can purchase of

10:35

really hard like I'm sort of the yes

10:38

and get away with it and put yourself

10:40

into pain and not have injuries on? He

10:42

was lucky because he had a body type

10:44

and but muscles as a city that didn't

10:46

happen to him but for most people are

10:48

you need to sort of back off on

10:50

the out of a white and in just

10:52

get some more ribs and do more than

10:54

however we have come across a case of.

10:56

A very muscular Russian very marrying

10:59

a very muscular the East German

11:01

person and they had a kid

11:03

who was muscular at the age

11:05

of three. As

11:07

a baby is have been covered with the loss

11:09

of sets, they had muscles showing and is is.

11:11

There are few people who are genetically blessed that

11:13

way so when the to them but together they

11:15

got this kid who's got most of the three

11:17

most personal that lucky. Thanks Catherine

11:20

and substantiates. We've got Jason on

11:22

the sunshine, so I snatch a

11:24

San. Welcome Let's see clog up the car

11:26

hard that the likes of us I soon.

11:28

As. My question is ah, when I

11:31

got a room temperature beverage like at

11:33

ten o'clock or something and I poured

11:35

and aunts, why is that doubles up

11:37

and is it isn't He loses all

11:39

of that says where's the cold drinks

11:42

are times that is a longer. Ah,

11:45

The. Visit thing called

11:47

Henry's Law which kind of applause

11:50

and verses if he sort of

11:52

pushes a bit is. To.

11:55

Dissolve Gas Demand Dissolve.

11:57

Guess. Increases

11:59

with. The temperature. And.

12:01

Decreases with high temperature. so

12:03

if you've got water in

12:06

the tropics. And you

12:08

compare that to see water absorb see

12:10

what us down in the antarctic in

12:12

the and affixes more oxygen molecules. So

12:15

what you get in the Antarctic

12:17

is more biomass per cubic kilometers.

12:19

You don't get the diversity or

12:21

he got a couple hundred thousand

12:23

tons of Krills. He says just

12:25

this gigantic diversity. You have a

12:28

great Barrier Reef, so when you

12:30

increase the temperature of something they

12:32

dissolve, gas comes out. The.

12:34

Amount of dissolve guests in a

12:36

case of champagne. It's twelve grams

12:38

per seven hundred fifty mills. He

12:41

gives a pressure of six atmospheres.

12:43

So if you have a case

12:45

of champagne and a case of

12:47

what one, oh those glorious days

12:49

space, you do. They had a

12:51

segment of liquid. But. The glasses

12:54

of us sicker the champagne bottles love

12:56

has to be see guess to stand

12:58

the six centimeters the six atmospheres of

13:00

pressure. So in your case it when

13:02

you warm up the liquid the bubbles

13:04

come out is it knows if it

13:06

was happening with this year. He.

13:08

A basic like on to entice. It's a

13:10

cool my drink in that for each side

13:12

it's an hour apart. over the odds are

13:14

just got flat and for those who drink

13:17

tea you do not in India and Sri

13:19

Lanka boil. Add to these is when to

13:21

be used to make the first noises because

13:23

it boils you drive of the oxygen which

13:25

is no longer available. To. Interact

13:27

with a T Lives and breathes is

13:29

delicious flavors and boil the would have

13:31

a t to close to the know

13:33

quite say in I. Had poor

13:36

Nazis. he drank champagne making hateful

13:38

chemistry. Chemistry and Physics

13:40

and also systems Celiac on.

13:43

The Good: Derek in Melbourne Here Derek

13:45

he got a quasi about stretching took

13:48

us through it. A

13:50

day thinks it's doctors as long time was

13:52

the first phone call. And. When.

13:54

You have a full body stretch and

13:56

the absolute extreme of that stretch, your

13:59

body gets it. Trimble. Any of

14:01

us wanting? What? What? What's that all

14:03

about? What? What? Banana? And Derek, you've

14:05

noticed it as well in some of our

14:07

sorry friends. Top on Three line. So.

14:10

When when my dog gets up? Know madre

14:12

have get Saddam has a really big streets

14:14

during downward dog eared bunny ear nose arms

14:16

outstretched you from at the end of that

14:18

stretch sort of with the truth is put

14:20

the he also has that same sort of

14:23

trimble inserted the cat when it's sort of

14:25

doing that same you're pushing the on that

14:27

having that big long stretch and I will

14:29

discuss it in all of us had that

14:31

them friend Bill at the end of that

14:33

stretch. I will find that the tremble

14:35

is usually in the leg and I find

14:37

that with my dog as well. enough. Final,

14:39

I like how you call it yet. Derek:

14:41

The peak of the streets. Just that little

14:43

tremble in the back fi less one on

14:45

top. Of my mind is the blood he's

14:47

showing me. The. Dogs Do

14:50

Downward dog years was. Hailed.

14:54

As se they doing yoga to see how that

14:56

would dogs. Dogs. Dogs yeah,

14:58

What was? I told.they have a toy

15:01

oh do a child's pose as well

15:03

in any kind of in that kind

15:05

of way things. used our dog. I

15:08

had. my mind is grossly twisted into this. Okay,

15:10

so the way that muscles work is going. To.

15:13

Bits of barbed wire the a

15:15

be Saudis, others that are with

15:17

Bob's can swing. So

15:19

you have these two bits of bob.

15:21

Was your the sharpness of a just

15:23

go gives insight, physical these posts. Yeah

15:25

things to go. These tubes. Why was

15:27

poking things on them and in the

15:30

the things bend and they pushed one

15:32

wire past the other is a sea

15:34

of the way and I grab onto

15:36

the next bit of barbed wire and

15:38

so they sort of wretches among each

15:40

other. So if you look up in

15:42

Wikipedia, muscle and Acton. And. Moss

15:44

and A C T I in and

15:46

and why is so in a more

15:48

my oh and why oh is I

15:50

am these too long Father's day goes

15:52

with his high speed pulling and on

15:54

hooking and and pulling and on hooking.

15:57

And when you think about how fast

15:59

a muscle come. I'm talking grizzly he

16:01

it's yoav as soon as he has

16:03

smooth and Bates so I'm guessing says

16:05

is is in good fun for this

16:07

is secure license and you would seek

16:09

the when you got really good as

16:11

you would have is wobbly say see

16:13

people of the gym and is is

16:15

pushing a straight just press where they're

16:17

working on a machine and all I

16:19

have to do is apply up would

16:21

force but then when that same person

16:24

does a chest press has a line

16:26

on their backs is now an arm

16:28

as still bar across the bodies. And

16:30

instead of pushing his stride ups were previously

16:32

was constrained to only go straight up to

16:34

can wobble depending on which were they doing

16:36

in. If I lose control with a full

16:39

on the billie was that will they hit

16:41

or something bad and they tend to get

16:43

a wobble and as you do it more

16:45

more you get better. So this sort of

16:47

like a find fruit tuning of your muscle

16:49

strength and best of the whole body building

16:52

scene where they stand on the stage and

16:54

they do the poses they do the poses.

16:57

And they don't have that level of the

16:59

and and is a huge amount of training

17:01

to do that to does to try but

17:03

have that extra bit of muscle strength right

17:05

the very. It's a mixed mixed into the

17:07

muscles the acton and for a member amazon

17:09

putting on each other. So

17:11

eat it just happens because it's you,

17:13

haven't done the training and you probably

17:16

get wouldn't thirty years and then go

17:18

on stage and straight. Since it's we

17:20

should be a stretch to seen category

17:22

of the pumping oil and. I can

17:24

be good at us characters on how.

17:27

I think it does. Thank you very much Al. Yeah came

17:29

we don't I sang the other ten downward

17:31

dog comes from the police dogs do when

17:33

the when they stretch before getting up or

17:35

down on. Never seen a don't do that

17:37

such. A hassle of had to

17:39

help ease and of the air and border

17:41

collies have never seen them do it. Maybe

17:43

I wasn't enlightened enough. Maybe they didn't I

17:45

didn't see the because I had not seen

17:48

Look for you are terrorists. They have the

17:50

wisdom. We've. Got rich in high.read our

17:52

rich Cydia taken us to space. What

17:54

is your question? On

17:56

yeah I got. On.

17:59

My question is. About the space

18:01

shuttles. Directional ties, How it, how

18:03

that might happen inside and how are. You.

18:05

Know like a a just a is is.

18:08

A jet propelled. Into.

18:10

To move to ward off water on what I'm applying

18:12

to the same thing with yeah pushing it's exhausts air

18:14

on a. Houses wondering how

18:17

a rocket. Yeah. How

18:19

rocket which I just direction in a vacuum

18:21

the size of know on a gases the

18:23

gonna push off ah hell was nothing to

18:25

push against. Yeah. Like

18:28

our chances are action as a how do

18:30

they put how do they had as a

18:32

result was in space come up with nothing

18:34

to push against. As busy as a my

18:36

part I can see how. Back

18:40

uses the three parts story. The first

18:42

part is in the Nineteen twenties when

18:44

the New York Times turns up to

18:47

see Robert got out Geo doubled the

18:49

I did he and he's losing raucous

18:51

in America not intentionally twenties and that

18:54

he says we can go to space

18:56

and the a concert for up the

18:58

in as is as ridiculous as in

19:00

six it with a scientist He says

19:03

no you cannot operate a rocket. In.

19:05

Space because is nothing to

19:08

push against. And the

19:10

wrong. Back in Six and six, Isaac

19:12

Newton got booted out of London. and

19:15

since we had to go home because

19:17

it was a big play going on

19:19

that killed maybe ten percent twenty percent

19:22

of people that has affected And while

19:24

he was a he came up as

19:26

his farm with the three laws of

19:28

motion was just really simple and really

19:31

deep. And the third law of motion

19:33

is that every action there is an

19:35

opposite and equal reaction. Is

19:38

no Mrs and need to push against So messenger

19:40

on a lake and the like is perfectly flat

19:43

and frozen with ice and you're wearing clothes both

19:45

teflon for some unknown reason and if we got

19:47

no friction and you cannot stand up the courage

19:49

to stand up and and the how you the

19:52

you woke up there in the middle of the

19:54

like rods and you want to get off that

19:56

like would you try to push a good for

19:58

the ice and is no. Friction. What

20:00

you do is you take off

20:02

one shoe. And he strode

20:05

as hard as you can in and you

20:07

will go in the opposite direction is that

20:09

Psu. Is. One hundred of

20:11

your weight. You. Will then proceed

20:14

in the other direction at one hundreds

20:16

of the velocity of the shoe is

20:18

called momentum Mess Console of these to

20:20

the point is you donated seem to

20:22

push against you just need to push

20:24

and this was very very deep for

20:27

Newton to realize the you have to

20:29

throw something wondering since and you will

20:31

move and the other directions And so

20:33

the New York Times on the twenties

20:35

avast noises he nods when they land

20:38

on the moon, stays it on the

20:40

front pages has huge man lands on

20:42

Moon job. And down the bottom corner

20:44

of the of poses a little boxes are.

20:46

When we said that you gotta have something

20:48

to push against in space or betty not

20:51

a twenty we were wrong. We apologize I

20:53

k south a debt don't worry about not

20:55

getting because it took somebody will a do

20:57

you like mutant realize it's and people still

20:59

find it hard to believe. says.

21:02

That I guess I say thank you.

21:05

I said at live in one bull Adding

21:07

a comment about their sake enough to stretch

21:09

said i raise. See the end When a

21:11

for a lamb is lanes we can tell

21:13

us it's getting us safe from Mumbai. How

21:16

it reacts oscillating up a stretch than a

21:18

body sake opt out liking equals a full

21:20

belly. Ah good sign with

21:22

got Sarah intent and he asked

21:24

of South Sarah University best to

21:26

describe this sounds talk us through.

21:28

It was the question. I

21:31

can't say I'm a mourning. Mourning.

21:35

And so when. We.

21:37

Make a son or not. but this

21:39

out let me make a coffee and

21:41

Li Li said the coffee and then

21:43

when you tap on the side of

21:45

marine of the coffee top. Eating

21:48

as it had the sound it

21:50

makes. Just gets higher and higher

21:52

and higher. It doesn't stop the site. It

21:54

could keep going outta nowhere. It would end.

21:57

On to he stop hurting. They

22:00

say I'm not talking make to get

22:02

higher and higher. Ah. so the

22:04

cup I'm guessing is a ceramic cup.

22:07

Yeah. And the school is made

22:09

of metal segura good sound as

22:11

if the liquid is water is

22:13

an instant coffee or of coffee

22:16

from of the. Night.

22:18

And dusted Urlacher Coffee soda machine

22:20

of. Comes from machines. Has a liquid

22:22

coffee but do you add sugar to

22:24

it? Know. Ah,

22:27

Says is no sugar. So

22:30

do you. Story. The. Milk. Yeah.

22:34

It. Just staring at Juri A types of

22:36

written an article about this. oh look

22:38

up A B C Doctors How. Coffee.

22:42

Cup. Sound. And

22:45

was due to isn't the

22:47

bubbles are going out of the

22:49

liquid. So the extreme case

22:51

is when you use coffee

22:53

powder is and coffee and you

22:55

have sugar granules any between

22:57

the as over grains is

22:59

to persevere and they come out

23:02

and they changes the speed

23:04

of sound Liquid What you're doing

23:06

here is your stirring it at

23:09

his heart and as your

23:11

a stirring it's more of

23:13

the molecules of oxygen. A coming

23:15

out of solutions as he would talk about

23:17

early us that at a high temperature is

23:19

this oxygen dissolved so that changes the speed

23:21

of sound so the extreme case we get

23:24

the best affects his with his and coffee

23:26

powder and sugar spit in your case disease

23:28

and stirring it. When. You've got

23:30

no of the is a little bubbles

23:32

of oxygen even just stirring it will

23:34

draws some of the oxygen molecules as

23:36

it a between the water molecules out

23:39

and that will make the sound Pascal

23:41

hi us am this be the biggest

23:43

good discussions or thought he got the

23:45

answer add of a germ called the

23:47

American Journal of Physics which is six

23:49

the schoolteachers because I get the really

23:51

big question from the school kids say

23:54

got all these wait for Nobel prize

23:56

winners writings of his journals school teacher

23:58

teaches sites wow I didn't. What'd we

24:00

had to solve this? what is reallocated

24:02

stuff? Or. I'm Sarah Is and how.

24:05

Gisele. Some think he's a monthly magazine.

24:07

one of my dad and my brothers beats

24:09

that. They do is it's I'll be in

24:11

the kitchen making a coffee or tea or

24:14

you know, hot shaquille something and now just

24:16

hit the side of the glasses there staring

24:18

and then I'll just wait to see someone

24:20

books up or notices. But it's system god

24:23

awful wrestling sound that it's. Know

24:25

the state to save money on a look up. As

24:27

a calling for approval for the sex with

24:30

your only do Louisiana is foods I make

24:32

is hardly good with something as awesome as

24:34

opposed to solar so I don't know what

24:36

they're being annoying is what they read and

24:38

there was running into reaction. Biggest

24:41

in you do now is. Facing

24:45

camera. What's yours? Hi

24:47

I thinks of Lucy.answer you a

24:49

minister to ask what morning wood

24:52

humanity get from and extinction level

24:54

event on that will be caused

24:56

by dog trainers and the reason

24:58

why else that is that are

25:00

Marcello a repeatable you Tube channel

25:02

which was looking on a much

25:04

better to mention it on the

25:06

everything if I can just I

25:09

mean us anyway and the basis

25:11

of their exploring was new research

25:13

that suggests that the Deccan traps

25:15

and might have been the. Cause

25:17

food the cretaceous period extinction event because

25:19

it it of the dinosaurs and just

25:22

interested but is that would happen again

25:24

What kind of one? My we just.

25:27

A. Case I just do. What one

25:29

question for you first with a

25:31

saying from on my memory the

25:33

deacon sets involved volcanoes in danger

25:35

in India put he had something

25:37

like one cubic kilometer of Love

25:39

of the Year For the best

25:41

part of a hundred thousand disease

25:43

is my memory refereed right on

25:45

was yeah that's correct. the window

25:47

down for the through several hundred

25:49

thousand years. Huge announcers, Sulfur

25:53

and volcanic gases were being expelled and

25:55

dumb that might have been a contributing

25:57

factor. In the extinction of the

25:59

dinosaurs. Who would gather the

26:01

season? It also says the we didn't

26:03

know and then with Alvarez and Co

26:06

when debit is a geological information we'd

26:08

worse yet that it's ten kilometer rocks

26:10

banged into the southern end of the

26:13

Gulf of Mexico where it is now

26:15

at Celebs and. That.

26:18

Ten kilometer or create the whole. Thirty

26:20

kilometers take this three times a hot

26:22

of Everest and two hundred kilometers across

26:24

and was liquid it's and a sore

26:26

when blubber blue brother in kind of

26:28

silly flats and throughout. Something

26:31

those old calcium sulfate in

26:33

that area as or something

26:35

like one liter of car.

26:38

Battery. Acid. Per.

26:40

Square made us now I speak, haven't had

26:42

it and identities ever dealt with the acid

26:44

the saucer guess in the car best rates

26:46

what do you do it says Tom is

26:49

he has some accidently on your fingers and

26:51

new wipe on your overalls. And

26:53

haven't Allies is a hole in your

26:55

overall slant. What? And so one to

26:57

two liter of this stuff post with

26:59

me to sets the dickens last resort

27:01

to be part of that. So we're

27:03

talking about volcanic eruptions and a turns

27:05

out that there are not. Just as

27:07

you. Said. Volcanoes on others like

27:10

Yellowstone was if of popping cause massive

27:12

destruction human race and think somewhere in

27:14

Italy is at it now isn't the

27:16

one in the Aca? Lessons aren't Yes

27:19

that is two hundred super volcano thoughts

27:21

and if we were to have an

27:23

incoming rock. Land. On super

27:25

volcano sites will be looking at

27:28

the this of maybe not a

27:30

person's human race spouses volcanoes ruiz

27:32

tickling away and in the past

27:34

they would put out roughly one

27:37

percent. of what you were

27:39

you must put out as greenhouse gases.

27:41

So people have said a seal around

27:43

as a hundred times more the line

27:46

as one percent but in a civil

27:48

kind of erupting still getting so much

27:50

stuff coming out still could cause in

27:52

this extinction event so wasn't likelihood of

27:55

it happening and can it can be

27:57

one for it's the best thing we

27:59

have. Or is a variation

28:01

on Gps cold things called extended

28:03

Gps weights. You really accurately map

28:05

and area and then you do

28:07

some surveying on top of the

28:09

Gps and you can measure. Movements

28:12

of half a millimeter and south the

28:15

been monitoring movements on says the Sergio

28:17

Sawdust combos Tvs and space stuff to

28:19

be monitoring movies on volcanoes. They can

28:21

see them sort of swelling a little

28:24

bit on one side than going down

28:26

against. is that what you're asking? Have

28:28

a monitor the volcano's. Yeah and

28:30

how much morning we might have.

28:35

To react and subtle level that much

28:37

like almost like on us don't know

28:39

because the best when the we had

28:41

we didn't have the technology for and

28:43

that was mount what was once and

28:45

hello it melts and helens in was

28:47

as states to topless corner of what

28:49

past oregon. And

28:52

he was in a state. Up post

28:54

organs maybe? Oh they got mail. That.

28:57

Has a mess of hills exploded if and

28:59

apparently it was bowsing a bit was a

29:01

primitive visitors if we'd had that ignores we

29:03

had dice we would. didn't know what sort

29:06

of what he would have if a volcano

29:08

would a pop so the weather going to

29:10

find out is without was we haven't day

29:12

a volcano does pops as they will they'll

29:14

say I cases were warning the have so

29:16

the most we still in doc. Without.

29:19

Him I'd warning. That

29:21

you know that is painted answering

29:23

A doesn't give me any of

29:25

the concert downtown it said it's

29:28

certainly not so thank you very

29:30

much Dr. Calve appreciative sang stay

29:32

there to this is. One of

29:34

my favorite Italian pizza restaurants in the

29:36

family. A Sicilian and they're one of

29:38

the pizzas is called the Mount Etna

29:41

ah and has lots. It's silly on

29:43

air it's hot salami yes a sick

29:45

into a same is what I'm saying

29:48

that got stayed in England. wave lane

29:50

outside and talk to us. What's the

29:52

question. I

29:54

don't think. ah yes, They.

29:56

Did it into the been Gladly pay

29:59

it by saying. The dating game, that sort

30:01

of stuff. And I was

30:03

curious what in the Danes? obviously

30:06

night she far. Right!

30:08

Ah, in the dismal protein

30:11

sorry into dismal carbohydrate com

30:13

us that is not really

30:15

indigestible. Sodomy run through

30:18

it so if you take in

30:20

a molecule of Glucose this got

30:22

one carbon atom and then as

30:24

I could six carbon atoms and

30:26

stuck to that as six effectively

30:29

molecules of voter age to out

30:31

on six and your gas in

30:33

your small intestine so comes then

30:35

you mouth. A stoppages

30:38

stomach were dismissed around

30:40

severed. Physiology. And

30:42

there's me, Medical people's The stomach

30:44

is a small organ about the

30:47

size of a newborn. Babies hit

30:49

a small small Us and then

30:51

it in seeds into the small

30:54

intestine. And that's weird.

30:56

Traditionally we sorted Sues keep busy, Bees

30:58

are just as and then there's in

31:00

the just a bowl. Carbohydrates then goes

31:03

into the lodge in test odds and

31:05

we used to think wrongly that it

31:07

couldn't be digested. It turns out that

31:09

it can be digested by the bacteria

31:12

that live in your body with. talk

31:14

about the microbiome in the past and

31:16

their friends and we need them and

31:19

allows for a good stuff and they

31:21

can then attack these molecules of sugar.

31:23

Now think about settlers in a tree.

31:26

In time when times are bad

31:28

people try to a tree bark

31:30

and the general to use always

31:32

been. This. Something there,

31:34

but we don't have the ends of the

31:36

break it. that's it. Says that if you

31:39

look at so cold that Metics Societies. Vs.

31:42

Urban Our societies. We.

31:44

Can break down. Foster said if you live in

31:46

a city, but if you live in an urban

31:48

society as you do business in America Saudi In

31:51

Breakdown: sustained percent. With was just a

31:53

natural in in his small interest on the

31:55

a breakdown little bit and then it's the

31:57

sauce he got all his glucose most you

31:59

something. In a way that we normally

32:01

can't break with a small intestine without

32:03

breaking apart. But the bacteria in a

32:05

large intestine. kids. They get the energy

32:08

out of those molecules of glucose stuff

32:10

for use in a way we can't

32:12

normally excess. They get goodness out it's

32:14

and in they made carbon dioxide and

32:16

they make other chemicals as well and

32:18

accuses the fog. Guess south is he

32:20

fighting? Don't worry about it is not

32:22

you. The Saudis is a bacteria in

32:24

your gut that are causing it. is

32:26

a kind of answer your question. Here.

32:29

Definitely up My partner at a

32:31

that special Paisley's Farts. And

32:34

you've had the right. Thing.

32:36

Led to thought. the more you thought the better

32:38

sale. Yo. Goods

32:41

S S S in Healesville here Now

32:43

just were talking earlier about this sounds

32:45

that a cup of tea or the

32:47

glass makes really the ceramic cop makes

32:49

when you staring at all together you

32:51

have a question about teeth. What's going

32:53

on. In your wells. Other I saw

32:55

I have. Zero for you'd have just.

32:58

To say my question is if I jumped up

33:00

of tea at night before I go to bed.

33:03

Why? Is it I only drink one cup a

33:05

tea? but yet or not says three hours. Or

33:08

a so much that it so much more

33:10

a to come out than what I can

33:12

sit. Ah, Ok

33:14

so even though you only carry forty

33:17

kilograms of would read your body's forty

33:19

thousand cross the members and you would

33:21

in his of twenty four hour period

33:23

steal our dynamic and maelstrom of water

33:26

activities your kids these a processing a

33:28

couple hundred kilograms of blood each day

33:30

and they pull out of his about

33:32

fifteen hundred grams assault was they all

33:34

put back in except for as he

33:37

says the programs guess you're it's on

33:39

average you're generating one mil of your

33:41

and per minute on every. To sort

33:43

of there is a bit so

33:46

even though you haven't I sleep

33:48

drunk. A holler war of the

33:50

kidneys is still working and it's

33:52

was the driving seems to be

33:54

is keeping your souls level. The

33:57

always the same. You measure this

33:59

in. We do to called a milli

34:01

osmosis or think it's two hundred and

34:03

i eternity form believe osmosis memory so

34:05

you will keep on if they haven't

34:07

drunk any what do you keep a

34:10

generate a year and to try and

34:12

keep you salt level or that same

34:14

to don't form of yours was but

34:16

then we don't have any more us

34:18

he was stopped many thanks for you

34:20

know your current way down to the

34:22

point is he kidneys are always working

34:24

and manufacturing year and and also you're

34:26

losing water. Through your mouth while

34:28

you're asleep and if you ways of in

34:30

the morning of I saw a few hundred

34:33

grams law that even if you have had

34:35

a week says he civil answer is you

34:37

are dynamic missing that is always making urine

34:39

is if you haven't had any water or

34:42

even if you only have one cup of

34:44

take your behavior was very muddy. Try to

34:46

keep it around to naughty formerly osmosis but

34:48

it is other things to that effect when

34:51

as well Chess is is really live shrine

34:53

not trying to top up before bed I

34:55

know but it's such a struggle not know.

34:58

How draw in the night and you

35:00

weren't really big joe war than your

35:02

go again copper. Instead

35:04

of cyclists.

35:08

I've got Macau from tavern on

35:10

now. I'm a killer question. I

35:14

don't pick out. My question is

35:16

how did. He and then

35:18

split the Atom. You've got that memory

35:21

of her as I'm being like a mini

35:23

solar system with a heavy lumpy thing in

35:25

the middle as in or electrons around it

35:27

or and planets you know your that middle

35:30

image right in the middle. The Adam: you've

35:32

got protons and neutrons. in the case of

35:34

uranium you have got avast surplus of nice

35:36

was your too many and. Is

35:38

not stable. I had a kiss

35:41

on changing shape and spontaneously uranium

35:43

will split into small Adams by

35:45

itself. always done in on he

35:48

says he I'd was are they

35:50

got uranium and I didn't know

35:52

that this complicated thing was happening

35:55

like seats Nucleus was continually wobbling,

35:57

arouse and was. Always.

35:59

For the and. In Euros always splitting

36:01

but they didn't know the fine

36:04

details and say through neutrons. At.

36:06

A nucleus of uranium expecting to

36:08

make a heavier elements. And

36:11

instead it's split. So adding the extra huge

36:13

ones made it even more unstable. And it's

36:15

split in who might elements one of which

36:17

was bear him which wasn't they were they

36:20

started so they knew there was something we'd

36:22

going on this how we did the first

36:24

posing as the Adam the German scientists in

36:26

not associate. But

36:28

I think he's into it. Thanks Michela!

36:31

And we got Xavier in high. but

36:33

he is a the Us is a

36:35

question of that's what about in a

36:37

particular state, what's gone on. Holiday

36:40

an omelet. Question is if we're

36:42

using Hodgson as a your to

36:44

run, say Hodgson powered vehicles. If

36:47

we're getting that Hodgkinson for water,

36:49

are we not gonna use of

36:51

Hell water on our planet If

36:54

we could dance? Ah, because when?

36:56

Now Because when you burn hydrogen.

36:59

You. Buddha was oxygen. And. You make

37:01

more water. On. The

37:04

side a metaphor does is what was used

37:06

to create that amount of hodgson oxygen. Yes!

37:08

So if you get say a liter of

37:10

water. And. Then you apply electricity

37:12

to it's you break it into a large

37:14

volume of oxygen. Hodgkin's you throw a Yoshino

37:16

You freezer for some other uses or he

37:19

to that using of the hodgson is in

37:21

combined had hardened in the car engine is

37:23

a a fuel cells with oxygen and he

37:25

make the same amount of waters you start

37:28

up with so you use renewable energy the

37:30

splits and then you got into cars and

37:32

it'll run it on a seal so. Well.

37:35

Say his son us, ah, that's. Simon

37:37

embrace been Here sign and what's your

37:39

question. I

37:41

did calibrated. This.

37:44

Month old swallow. Ah,

37:46

seawater. You can make us sick or

37:48

even die. But how come dolphins and

37:51

whales? How can they eat and swallow

37:53

food and water not become ill? Ah,

37:55

you look at a newborn babies. A

37:58

newborn baby can suck milk and. And

38:00

breathe that the same time so it

38:02

we can't do that is that else.

38:04

So they've got an adaptation in this

38:06

road in the suffixes in whales and

38:09

dolphins so they can stop water from

38:11

entering the airways while is falling or

38:13

sucking. Then they do very rabid following.

38:15

Then they've also got very highly specialized

38:17

monsieur sure that minimize the amount of

38:19

water going through a D C. so

38:21

going through plus they doing it underwater

38:24

says the pressure difference. Also help stop

38:26

these to would have from going dance.

38:28

Endive of doctors this city behavior. So

38:30

they will take some water that are like it and they

38:32

get rid of it as fast as I can. Ah. So.

38:35

It's not just Islam. Little awarded. Ansari Nurse

38:37

and is a resume you'll suddenly oceans

38:39

and the Weekend was the lead and

38:41

then a Sikh. About forty five million

38:44

years ago around the tons of the

38:46

indie started running into Asia and pushing

38:48

of the Himalayas in some. Cows.

38:51

Or Hippopotamus taught the precursors went back

38:53

to the ocean became the whales. Thanks

38:57

so much the listening to this episode of

38:59

Science The Doctor Tall and Our minds out.

39:01

We are now uploading these episodes to get

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Feel free to do say. This episode was

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produced by Just Brennan Max An amicable I'm

39:10

Lee Smith. Catch the next lake by.

39:13

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