In this episode, Carmina and Patch discuss why they bestowed the “Wooga” title on the ilustrados, an esteemed squad of Spanish-colonial-era Filipinos whose aspirations for their country transcended physical, intellectual, and societal borders. Learn how each of their important contributions, alongside fellow ilustrado Jose Rizal’s, became the foundation of Filipino national consciousness.

Learn more: Orientalists, Propagandists, and Ilustrados: Filipino Scholarship and the End of Spanish Colonialism, Philippines' Resistance: The Last Allied Stronghold in the Pacific, Ilustrado, Revolutionaries or Accomplices of the Spanish Empire: The Contested Influence of Filipino Ilustrados on Philippine National Independence (1872-1898), Rizal and the Ilustrados in Spain, El Pacto de Sangre, and A Glimpse Into the Illustrious Life of Pedro Paterno | Tatler Asia.

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