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1:06

Okay are we? Are you ready?

1:08

Fargo Center. I'm only see

1:11

it. Is

1:14

stay up I said stay dry,

1:16

you're busy. Oh hey, Oliver. Perfect

1:18

timing. Did you bring the sixty

1:20

two callers? leashes and paper crowns?

1:22

Yes, Wait, is it for all

1:25

these puppies you got at. I

1:27

was watching One Hundred and One

1:29

Dalmatians yesterday with my dogs and

1:31

I was inspired. Every puppy deserves

1:33

a home. Plus I have tons

1:35

of room and the dole though

1:38

tree house. I only have three

1:40

animals living with me right now

1:42

and they're treated like. Royalty Really?

1:44

Oh yeah, my two dogs King

1:46

Louis and Dame Deidre and are

1:48

saucy cat Princess Caroline. There is

1:50

a royal theme going on here

1:52

and now We also have these

1:55

sixty two puppies with collars, leases

1:57

and paper crowns. I just need

1:59

your help. Writing them so they can join

2:01

the Dole. Low crew Adam.

2:04

Henceforth, you should be known as

2:07

do We we don't know first

2:09

of your name tribe of the

2:11

tormentor world You promise to eat.

2:14

Everything off the floor: bark at the

2:16

mailman and cuddle with me during scary

2:18

movies. etc.

2:21

but. Ah

2:24

oh oh no.

2:30

Such. Luck

2:42

into forever Ago From A Pm

2:44

Studios and joy. Deluxe and my

2:46

cohorts today is Oliver from Snow

2:49

Home as was. So

2:53

today we're talking about the history of

2:56

guide dogs. Guide dogs are specially trained.

2:58

Dogs that help people who are blind or

3:00

visually. Impaired get around in the world.

3:02

It's guide dog was a special harness

3:04

with a handle for their owner to

3:07

hold. Guide Dogs learn how to do

3:09

things like lead their own, are safely

3:11

across busy streets and around obstacles. Oliver.

3:14

You actually brought to us and suggested today's

3:16

topic. So what makes you think of it.

3:19

I have raising guide dogs

3:22

for Guide Dogs to the

3:24

Blind. For as

3:26

long as I can remember

3:28

my mom has been raising

3:31

them for coming on Nineteen

3:33

years now. Wow, Nineteen years?

3:35

Yeah. So right now we

3:37

as two puppies that were

3:39

raising their names or Santana

3:42

and Post and their. Thirteenth

3:44

and fourteenth puppies we've raised, wow, that's

3:46

a lot of puppies, see a Saudi

3:48

of your mom gets you into in

3:50

touch your. Rope. Serve of raising a

3:52

guide dogs. Yeah and I help

3:55

out. With almost.

3:57

Everything I handle them during

3:59

some out. My mom assumes

4:01

you fool me. I've there's

4:03

a very important work as

4:05

releasing them every day. Or

4:08

something to they get outside of.

4:10

Yeah, yeah, that's very important for

4:12

your carpets, especially. Assess.

4:15

So A your family is raising Santana

4:17

and Co straight now. Yes, and what

4:19

kind of dogs are this? They are

4:21

both. Yellow Sea male lab

4:23

or doors. Moon. So what's the

4:26

best thing about raising puppies to

4:28

be guide dogs? I. Think

4:30

the best thing is seeing

4:32

them grow up so much

4:34

from when they get taken

4:36

off of the truck from

4:39

the campus. Endless get into

4:41

seat a cute little three

4:43

seasons all the way to

4:45

them. Getting back on the

4:47

hook. Going to guide dogs

4:49

to the Blinds campus to

4:51

learn. How To Be with Their

4:54

new Handlers So there's like a campus like a

4:56

little. College: A doggy college

4:58

campus? Yes, We actually use

5:00

that same time every time we let

5:02

his dog go to college. Yeah, Effect

5:05

of ago enough to college. So how would

5:07

you explain puppy raising to someone who's never

5:09

heard of it? I think

5:11

I would say that

5:13

puppy raising his. You'd

5:16

need to raise a dog to

5:18

be the best dog they can

5:20

be. For.

5:22

Their entire. Young life

5:25

you need to peace them all

5:27

the correct commands. They need to

5:29

be the best behaved. Him.

5:32

And it's your work to make sure

5:34

that they're the best we can be

5:36

before they do best to keep this

5:38

to finish their learning and get matched

5:40

with a partner. Very cool! Thanks for

5:42

explaining. That oliver you know, humans and

5:44

dogs have been living together for more

5:46

than thirty thousand years. Or Buddies of

5:48

Brains On actually did a whole episode

5:51

about how dogs evolved from wolves and

5:53

became. Pets We have a link to

5:55

that episode and are so nodes. Guide

5:58

Dogs has been helping blind people for

6:00

really long time to maybe going back

6:02

as far as two thousand years. Archaeologists

6:04

working in Italy found a mural in

6:07

the Ancient Roman Sound of Her Laney

6:09

I'm that appears to show a blind

6:11

person being led by a dog. There's

6:13

also a tiny scroll with a painting

6:16

of a person with a guide dog

6:18

that's almost eight hundred years old. There's

6:20

even a British alphabet rhyme from the

6:22

seventeen hundreds that mentions guide Dogs. A

6:25

was an archer who's shot at a

6:27

frog Be was a blind man led

6:29

by. A dog. We also know about.

6:31

At least two men who train their own dogs

6:33

to help them get around. But the

6:36

first official guide dog schools that we

6:38

know of like the one my family

6:40

trains puppies for started about a hundred

6:42

years ago in Germany. This. Is

6:45

why German Shepherd switch come from Germany

6:47

are commonly used as guide dogs Today

6:49

this was in the early nineteen. Hundreds

6:51

around this time the world's first airplane

6:54

took flight. The

6:56

Titanic sank after hitting an iceberg and

6:58

more people were Santa Cruz. Around him

7:01

as sign a new automobile. And

7:04

this was also right after World War One.

7:06

World. War One was a major war that

7:08

happened in Europe. Where. Million soldiers were

7:11

killed and even more were injured.

7:13

Some soldiers lost their vision and

7:15

battle and they needed help learning

7:17

to live without their site in

7:19

Germany. people started ticking idea of

7:21

help dogs very seriously. By the

7:23

mid Nineteen twenties, guide dog schools

7:25

were opening up all around Germany.

7:28

And. They were about to go global

7:30

in large part thanks to one woman.

7:32

Just. Across the border from. Germany and

7:35

Switzerland was a woman named Dorothy

7:37

use this suit. The wealthy Americans

7:39

who had a passion for breeding

7:41

and training. Dogs. Happy.

7:45

Lie down now, Rollover,

7:47

Play dead and up

7:49

on your back. Legs,

7:52

That's it. Let's see you

7:54

on days! So close. To

7:58

me. You

8:01

are. In.

8:04

Nineteen Twenty seven. She heard about the

8:07

German guide dog schools and decided to

8:09

see one for herself. At. First

8:11

she was skeptical. Didn't believe the

8:13

dogs? Could really navigate a busy city

8:16

without getting distracted are confused which would

8:18

be dangerous for the person who was

8:20

depending on them. But pretty soon

8:22

see was convinced she wrote about

8:24

what she saw in a newspaper

8:27

called the Saturday Evening Post. Here's

8:29

how she described Guide Dogs. From

8:32

the very small beginnings of

8:34

becoming absolutely housebroken, he has

8:36

taken step by step afford

8:38

to his life work of

8:41

leading a blind man have

8:43

been that man's eyes. Lots

8:46

of the people in the U

8:48

S read Dorothy's article, including a

8:50

teenager named Morris Frank. More

8:52

said, lost his sight just a few years

8:55

earlier. For years he had relied on others

8:57

to help him get the class run errands,

8:59

or go anywhere he wanted to go like.

9:01

If he wanted to go on a date more,

9:04

it had to make it a double date. She'd

9:06

have to have a friend come along to help.

9:08

Steer him when more his dad read

9:10

him Dorothy's article about Guide Dogs Morse

9:12

immediately wrote her a letter asking is

9:14

he could send them the address of

9:16

the school. Dorothy surprised Morris

9:18

by inviting him to Switzerland, see

9:21

said she would train Morris or

9:23

side one of her dogs, but

9:25

going halfway around the world wasn't

9:28

something. More could do on a whim.

9:30

Remember this was the late Nineteen twenties.

9:32

Almost a hundred years ago, people got

9:35

their. News. And entertainment some the

9:37

radio and less than half of

9:39

Americans had a telephone in their

9:41

home and more is Frank. Definitely

9:43

couldn't get to Switzerland by plane,

9:45

he had to take a long

9:47

boat ride and because his his

9:49

disability the ship classified him as

9:51

a packets not a passenger that.

9:53

Meant more was locked in his room every day

9:55

until a member of the crew came to let

9:57

him out and walk him around the deck. More

10:00

wrote that he felt like a prisoner

10:02

and became even more determined to gain

10:04

his independence. Finally, Morris made

10:06

it to Switzerland. When he got there,

10:08

he was matched with a guide dog

10:10

named Kiss. Lips. Was a

10:13

little awkward. let's go

10:15

kiss Good chance did

10:18

here to. Say what I

10:20

think he said. He sure

10:22

did he talking about his. Kiss.

10:28

Don't know. How

10:30

sit by me? Don't get me.

10:33

Ah I think you need a

10:36

new name. Morris.

10:39

Decided to rename his dog Buddy.

10:41

He and Buddy worked together every

10:44

day for more than a month's.

10:46

More. Learn how to put buddy. Special harness on

10:48

and what the man sees to get Buddy to

10:50

take him where he needed to go. After

10:53

a few weeks of training, Mars decided to

10:55

take Buddy into town so he could get

10:57

a haircut. Back home a haircut had been

10:59

and all day process for Morris. His dad

11:01

would drop him off at the barbershop on

11:03

his way to work in. The morning and then

11:05

more. it's would have to wait there all day

11:08

for his dad to pick him up on his

11:10

way home. But. Now that he had

11:12

Buddy Guy does, Morris was able to

11:14

walk to the barber all on his

11:16

own. Hello!

11:18

I have an appointment for

11:21

trim. Welcome sir. Oh and

11:23

our dog I was eating.

11:25

Let's get started. Out

11:29

said said look enjoyed Thanks

11:32

mister Let's go buddy! Morris.

11:36

And Buddy walked back to the school

11:39

afterwards and as a story does, he

11:41

found Dorothy and said Humphrey Dorsey. I'm

11:44

finally free more somebody.

11:46

Took that same long boat trip from Switzerland

11:48

back home to the Us and when they

11:50

got their a crowd of reporters was waiting

11:52

for them. They heard the story about a

11:55

young man and his canine guys. they wanted

11:57

to see is the pair could actually get

11:59

a. Between like they claimed they

12:01

could. Foreign body of a

12:04

hair? What is your dog? What's your

12:06

name? kids he morris think your pets

12:08

can get you across the street. West.

12:11

Street was a busy street in

12:14

Downtown Manhattan. It was dangerous for

12:16

anyone. To walk across. And the

12:18

reporters didn't think Buddy and Morris could do

12:20

it more. was nervous, but he trusted Buddy.

12:23

Okay buddy, let's

12:25

go forward. Just.

12:34

Unbelievable! Now that's a good

12:36

dogs. When. It was all

12:38

over more Escape buddy a big hugs and sends

12:41

a message. To Dorothy back in

12:43

Switzerland it had only one

12:45

word: success. More. Is Dorothy

12:47

and Buddy would go on to have

12:49

many more successes. They started the

12:51

first ever guide dog school in the United

12:54

States. It's called the seeing I

12:56

am. It's still going to die every

12:58

year. They train hundreds of dogs and

13:00

much them with people who need them

13:02

more. Worked there for many years. He

13:04

also traveled. All around the world

13:06

with his many guide dogs all

13:08

named buddies after the original. And

13:11

since then, hundreds of other guide dog

13:13

schools have started up all over the

13:15

world and we're going to hear more

13:18

about one of them insisted this book.

13:20

Right now, let's take a break to

13:22

play. This.

13:28

Is a game. Or we take three things from history

13:30

and try to put them in order. For today's

13:32

game, we're going. To play with three

13:35

other technologies that help people with

13:37

vision loss: Accessible pedestrian signals Those

13:39

are. The crossing signals that beep clicker speak

13:41

to tell you when it says to cross the

13:44

road. Braille. That's the language made

13:46

up of race dots. That people with

13:48

this in Los read through touch and

13:50

audio books with their recordings of people

13:53

reading books out loud? Okay, Oliver would.

13:55

See thing came first which came second in

13:57

which came most. Recently in history.

14:00

Oh. This one's heard. ah

14:02

I'm gonna see. I think

14:04

real was first soon cause

14:06

I know he was really

14:08

old and I think the

14:10

original braille was done on

14:13

like lesser or some kind

14:15

of. High. The oh

14:17

okay, oh that's interesting to know them

14:19

and I think. Audio. Books

14:21

Because I kind of think that

14:23

audio books. Sometimes. Their

14:26

own like tracks are cheap

14:28

I think of is kind

14:30

of old. Yeah yeah have

14:33

you. Ever. Seen

14:35

a cassette before. Played with a

14:37

cassette. Ah. I have seen

14:39

them, but I've never. Actually,

14:42

Touched one or used one easier to

14:44

set. The from when I was a kid and

14:47

then older than that were that was the eight

14:49

track. It was cold and I've never seen one

14:51

of those in. Realized that the zoo and like

14:53

old old cassettes here. And then finally

14:55

I think Ross Sea close because

14:57

I can think of those signs

15:00

that say wait, you know you

15:02

can go So I kind of

15:04

thinking of those that kind of

15:06

more recent. yeah yes, I feel

15:09

like I've. I've seen them most

15:11

recently as well. So we have

15:13

Braille. Audio. Books and

15:15

crossing signals is that your final.

15:18

Answer Yes us are ill of lock

15:20

and load and put it in Will

15:22

hear the answers at the end of

15:24

the episode. Right after the credits. Will

15:26

be right back. We're.

15:31

Working on an episode all about

15:33

One of the most excellent snacks

15:35

ever. Popcorn and we want to

15:38

hear from you think will be

15:40

the snack of the future. Crunchy

15:42

space. Dust Celery Nuggets Thousand

15:44

gummy bears. Let us know

15:46

Oliver: what do you think

15:48

will snack on in the

15:50

future? Who I know? I'm

15:53

sorry to mean something. That

15:55

I would love to have in

15:57

the future is a snack. Bite-sized

16:00

burritos. Bite-sized burritos.

16:02

So anywhere you go, you've got a little

16:05

burrito you can eat. Yeah, and it only

16:07

takes one bite. You can just pop it

16:09

in that have all the delicious yummy flavor

16:11

of a burrito in a bite-sized

16:13

snack. Sign me up.

16:16

Listeners, record yourself describing your spectacular

16:19

future snack idea and send it

16:21

to us at foreverago.org/contact. And

16:23

while you're there, you can

16:25

send us episode ideas, drawings,

16:27

and questions. So keep listening.

16:33

This is Amy Poehler. My new movie,

16:35

Disney and Tik-Sar's Inside Out 2, is

16:37

coming to theaters June 14th and it's

16:39

making me feel joy and sadness and

16:41

anger, definitely some disgust, and I

16:44

think a little fear. Really?

16:47

But I'm also feeling these new

16:49

emotions like anxiety, embarrassment, envy, and

16:51

ennui. It's what you

16:54

call the boredom. Okay, that one was weird. It's

16:56

gonna be the feel everything movie of the

16:58

summer. Disney and Tik-Sar's Inside Out 2, only

17:01

in theaters June 14th. Get tickets now. Planes

17:05

on Universe is a family of podcasts for

17:07

kids and their adults. And since you're a

17:09

fan of Foreverago, we know you'll love the

17:11

other shows in our universe. Come

17:13

on, let's explore. Oh,

17:23

it is not. Please

17:25

not. Smash

17:28

button foreverago. Oh,

17:30

picking up signals.

17:37

Please not. About

17:42

a hundred bolts of lightning strike

17:45

the Earth's surface every second. But

17:47

there are all different types of

17:49

lightning. You can have lightning bolts

17:52

between clouds from the ground up

17:54

to a cloud, even lightning that

17:56

looks like glowing balls. Lightning balls.

18:00

Zorb, where did the signal go? Must

18:03

find brains on pod. Search

18:08

for brains on wherever you listen to podcasts.

18:19

You're listening to Forever Ago. I'm

18:21

Joy. And I'm Oliver. Today

18:24

we're talking about guide dogs. Historians think

18:26

guide dogs may have been used to

18:28

help people who are blind or have

18:30

vision loss for thousands of years. But

18:32

official guide dog schools are only about

18:34

100 years old. Guide

18:36

dog training was pioneered in Germany and spread

18:38

throughout the world in the 1900s. It

18:42

stayed pretty much the same since then.

18:44

But at some schools, the training has

18:46

gotten longer because cars and traffic have

18:48

gotten much more complicated for guide

18:51

dogs to navigate. Today, there are

18:53

thousands of guide dog teams. I got

18:55

to meet one of them, Elishe and their

18:57

guide dog Pico. Hi, Elishe.

18:59

Hi. And is Pico there too?

19:01

Yes, he's next to me. Oh,

19:03

Pico's such a good boy. But what

19:06

kind of dog is Pico? So he's a

19:08

mixture between a Labrador and a Bernese mountain dog.

19:11

Elishe is about to graduate high school and

19:13

will be starting college next year. They

19:15

love to act, dance and play sports.

19:17

But for a long time, Elishe didn't

19:19

think they'd be able to do any

19:22

of these things. That's because for most

19:24

of their life, Elishe has been blind.

19:27

So I was born with average vision and

19:29

then basically I, you know, lost a big

19:31

chunk of it and was, you know, using

19:33

glasses. But glasses just weren't working. I still

19:35

couldn't see like the other kids could. So

19:37

I went to all these specialists and no

19:39

one knew what was wrong. And actually, 10

19:42

years ago, I got a call from a specialist and we

19:44

had done a test that we didn't think would come up

19:46

with any results. We just were like, we got to check

19:49

it off the list. And we

19:51

did it and came back that I had konra dystrophy,

19:53

which would lead me to go blind. This

19:55

news was really hard for Elishe to hear. They

19:58

thought that losing their sight meant that they were losing their sight. losing their

20:00

independence too. I was

20:02

devastated. I didn't know any other blind people

20:05

and it was honestly at that time

20:07

the worst thing that I thought could ever happen

20:09

to me. Because I thought all my

20:11

dreams, everything I wanted to do was over. I

20:14

didn't think I could dance. I didn't think I

20:16

could act. I didn't think I could live a

20:18

normal life like cook or clean. I

20:20

didn't think I would be able to

20:22

independently navigate, like walk around, go to

20:25

classes. I didn't think I could read.

20:27

At first, Ellichea was in denial about

20:29

what was happening. They didn't want to

20:31

learn to read braille and would conveniently

20:33

lose the cane they needed to use

20:35

to navigate. But when a teacher

20:37

at school lent Ellichea an audio book about

20:39

guide dogs, things started to change. So

20:42

I went home and I read this book and I read it all one

20:44

night and I came back the next day and I told her, I was

20:46

like, I want a guide dog. And she was like, well, blind

20:49

people have guide dogs. And at that time I was

20:51

like, I'm not blind. I can see, I'm fine. Because

20:54

like I said, I thought my world was ending

20:56

so I didn't accept it. But

20:58

basically learning about guide dogs pushed

21:01

me to accept my blindness

21:03

and use a cane and

21:05

read braille and different things like

21:07

that. I can understand how having

21:09

something to look forward made it

21:11

easier for Ellichea to accept what

21:14

was happening. Definitely. But Ellichea knew

21:16

that most schools only train adults to

21:18

work with guide dogs. It's rare for kids

21:20

to learn how to use them, but there's

21:22

one school in Canada that works with people

21:24

younger than 16. So

21:26

when Ellichea was 12, their parents

21:28

decided they were ready to apply and

21:30

they got in. But

21:33

then the pandemic happened and the school

21:35

shut down so they had to wait

21:37

even more. Finally in 2022, when Ellichea

21:39

was 15, they

21:42

got to start their guide dog training.

21:44

The first thing we simply learned was how

21:47

to groom dogs because this dog is

21:49

just not furniture. This

21:52

dog isn't just a cane. He's a

21:54

living, breathing being. And you have to

21:56

accept that and love that to really

21:58

be able to trust and bond. with

22:00

your dog. LSA was there for

22:02

four weeks. That first week

22:04

of training was really just about building a

22:07

relationship with Pico. And then week two

22:09

is when we kind of really got into like

22:12

using the dog, like

22:15

learning all the guide commands. A

22:17

fun fact about Pico is that he

22:19

speaks French. Their guide dog school was

22:21

in Montreal and French is the primary

22:23

language spoken there. So most

22:25

important would probably be simply like a neva,

22:27

which means go forward. Dus

22:30

mal, which is slow down. Allez,

22:32

speed up, and also pototonschion, which

22:35

is pay attention. So

22:37

anytime he gets distracted I

22:39

say pototonschion. Pototonschion to me and

22:41

I'll tap my leg, be like, hey,

22:43

me. Magnisique! With Pico, LSA got to

22:45

try things they had never done before.

22:49

During the third week we went out into like

22:51

this trail in the woods, which is probably my

22:53

favorite training day because we got to do something

22:56

that genuinely you can't really do with a cane.

22:58

You know, the dog gives you this way of

23:00

you can do it yourself and they can also

23:02

see the branches above your head and stuff like

23:04

that, which obviously a cane can't. Finally,

23:07

it was time for the last week of training.

23:09

Just like Morris, Frank, and Buddy when they

23:11

crossed that busy city street a hundred years ago

23:13

in New York, LSA and

23:15

Pico were about to take on the big

23:17

city. We started to work in Montreal, you

23:20

know, do some metro work, so

23:23

using public transit, working on, you

23:26

know, dog resistance to make sure, so like

23:28

we would have our dogs working and they

23:30

would let other guide dogs off to play

23:32

around them, which is so hard because they're

23:34

like, oh my brothers and sisters, I want

23:36

to go play! But they have to focus

23:38

and they have to keep working. That's

23:40

a lot to learn in a month. It

23:42

really was, but LSA also had a

23:44

trainer come and visit them when they brought

23:46

Pico back home to help get him used

23:48

to his new environment. The training wasn't easy,

23:50

but in the end, it was totally worth it.

23:53

Like it genuinely feels like a whole new world

23:55

was open to me that I really could do

23:58

Anything at any time, anyone. Where

24:00

by myself you know I didn't have to depend on

24:02

another person. It was just. Me and beat

24:04

though. It

24:08

was really cool to meet l a

24:10

say in Pico. Totally. Oh, speaking of

24:12

dogs, looks like assigned to take each

24:15

of my new puppies for a walk.

24:17

You're going to take each of those

24:19

sixty two dogs for a lot. That's

24:21

ridiculous. Are.

24:24

Totally. That's why I'm not walking them

24:26

one at a time. I'm going to

24:28

take them all at the same time.

24:30

Henry those sixty two leases. Let's

24:34

go to. Waste?

24:39

No not. That. Own

24:46

how. People.

25:02

Are has recently as listener

25:04

Independent Life. People probably started

25:06

working with guide. Dogs thousands of

25:08

years ago, but official guide. That schools

25:10

are only a little more than a hundred years

25:12

old. They first started in Germany

25:15

after world War One, then thanks to.

25:17

The work of more Frank and Dorothy this

25:19

they spread to the Us and today there

25:21

are thousands of guide dog teams working. All

25:23

over the world is a lot to

25:25

learn more about them or become. Have

25:27

had the razor like me? Check out

25:29

the sooner! This episode was written by.

25:32

Because in Dallas Whistler it was

25:34

produced by brew. got three and

25:36

be thousand dollars with our editors

25:38

are sand in taunton. And

25:40

Sale affairs on fact checking

25:42

by Td Ruether engineering help

25:44

from Rob Sick of Springer

25:46

and their Ramirez. With sound

25:49

design by Rachel Breed original theme

25:51

music by Mark Sanchez. We had

25:53

additional production help from the Rest

25:55

of the Brains on Universe seen

25:57

Molly Bloom's. Rosie Du Pont and.

26:00

Don't feel more and hampered. Joshua

26:02

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26:04

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26:06

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26:09

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26:11

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26:26

Pants. Oh.

26:28

Okay Oliver, are you really should?

26:30

The answers for first things

26:32

first slowly and. Thirty

26:35

Seriously. I so as a reminder

26:37

you said bray else Audio books

26:40

and crossing signals as your order.

26:42

Yes, Yeah, all right so

26:44

let's see drum roll

26:47

please! So

26:51

close. So. Close.

26:54

So okay. First steps, Very

26:56

first. You are absolutely right.

26:58

Rail Braille is number one,

27:00

so that. Was. From Eighteen

27:03

Twenty Four. And it brill

27:05

is a tactile system. of reading and writing

27:07

use been people. Who are blind? Tactile

27:09

means that it's understood as to

27:11

touch. And it was invented by

27:13

a Frenchman named Louis Braille And

27:16

eighteen, Twenty Four. So Louis lost.

27:18

His sight at the age of five

27:20

in an elementary school, he had to

27:22

learn by listening. When he was ten,

27:24

Louis got a scholarship to attend the

27:26

National Institutes for blinds use in Paris

27:28

Would he was there. he learned about

27:30

night writing, a messaging system of raised

27:32

does used by the French army to

27:34

communicate at night, and was inspired to

27:36

create something similar for people who are

27:38

blind to use for reading. Please.

27:44

Stay. So mixed up

27:46

was accessible pedestrians. Signals that

27:48

was like oh, Yeah, nuts I

27:50

thought. Wow. Yeah, so the first

27:52

accessible for this is signals were

27:54

installed over a hundred years ago

27:56

in Nineteen Twenty? Whoa. Yeah, Yes.

27:58

So when the. Turn green and

28:01

it was safe to cross. They would

28:03

make a ringing sound like a bell.

28:05

I'm assuming mother. Yeah, yes. So these

28:07

are really signals are usually only installed

28:09

near schools for blind or visually impaired

28:11

people, so they weren't super helpful for

28:13

getting around the city or town at

28:15

large. By the nineteen sixties, the technology

28:17

had started to spread, but they still

28:19

are not required by law to every

28:21

intersection. That's interesting because I feel like

28:23

it's at all intersections that I've ever

28:25

been a part of. That, but they don't

28:27

have to do that. There's always the buttons

28:29

that you press. The yeah, the state And you

28:32

wait for the little voice to say it's time to walk.

28:35

And then last but certainly not

28:37

least is audio books. Audio

28:39

Book or from Us Nineteen

28:41

Thirty two. Oh yeah, the

28:44

premier first introduced and that

28:46

was when the American. Federation

28:48

for the Blind opened a recording

28:50

studio to record books on the

28:52

vinyl records. At first, each side

28:54

of a record could only hold

28:56

about fifteen minutes of recordings, and

28:58

audio books really took off with

29:01

cassette tapes in the Nineteen sixties

29:03

and then Cds in the nineteen

29:05

eighties. What's it? Look sexy? Of

29:07

us the came back to haunt

29:09

us again. At

29:12

Three Surprise Way Any those answers

29:14

I think that accessible pedestrian crossing

29:16

signs with that all yeah me

29:19

neither I swear I such as

29:21

those in the last. May be

29:23

fifty years or so have. Join

29:26

us next week for a new

29:28

episode All About Oil and thanks

29:30

for listening! And

29:41

And Kids. Are full of a million

29:43

questions like when think that, why

29:45

does it seem for an hour

29:47

know I unions are and what

29:49

the fuck are you may I

29:51

have all the answers but we

29:53

do. Million Brazilians are Webby wedding

29:55

podcast from Marketplaces here to answer

29:57

the awkward com plots and sometimes.

30:00

The pricing questions your kids have

30:02

about money wasn't a million Brazilians

30:04

wherever you get your podcast.