0:00

Oh right Explorers welcome along. It's

0:02

time to get creative and to

0:04

get curious way searching out with

0:06

a sign. Secrets in the fun

0:08

kids Science Weekly. My

0:12

name is Data will come along every

0:14

week you and me. We traveled all

0:17

over the place finding some of that

0:19

science the no one's discovered before this

0:21

week which adds a food scientist married

0:23

Mckenna all about how climate change will

0:26

affect what you eat for dinner. People.

0:29

Who work and crop science and farmers

0:32

and so forth are terminal optimists. They

0:34

have to be right. And what they

0:36

say at this point is that this

0:38

is a big world, and there's a

0:40

lot of growing areas in the world

0:42

that we're not fully. Exploiting. So

0:45

it's not necessarily that we're all

0:47

going to starve, but we might

0:49

have to get used to food

0:51

crops coming from different places. Then.

0:54

They come from. Now. And

0:58

are gadget genius tech grow mom

1:00

is back looking at how brilliant

1:02

inventions a maid and how they

1:04

help you every day. And today

1:06

we're making things brighter. Any

1:10

days or another type of lighting made from

1:12

tiny bulb that are lined up in grades.

1:14

you can see these on some torches, psycho

1:16

lights and even on some street and traffic

1:18

lights and in people's lights at home. H.

1:20

L E D's may to produce one

1:22

color of light when electricity parties through

1:24

it. They use even less energy than

1:26

Cfl and can last ten years. And

1:30

this we got Dangerous that looks a

1:32

tiny deadly creature with rough skin. The

1:34

Uzis boys and it's all on the

1:36

way it up, Rodney. Fun kid sides

1:39

weekly. Let's.

1:45

Start things off with your

1:48

science in the news and

1:50

scientists have discovered a gigantic

1:52

ring shaped structure in space

1:54

which is changed everything they

1:57

thought we knew about the

1:59

universe. It is one point

2:01

three billion light years across. It's named

2:03

the Big Ring by astronomers. It's made

2:06

up of galaxies and galaxy cluster. You

2:08

need a telescope to see so far

2:10

away and even that thought, see what

2:13

this is actually been found by telescope

2:15

pictures with computers joining it all together.

2:17

It takes a lot of computing power

2:19

and he sees everything We thought we

2:22

knew about the universe, science and the

2:24

way it works because our idea was

2:26

the all matter with spread smoothly across

2:29

the universe. But this ring

2:31

looks to have some order to

2:33

it. Like these galaxies are linked

2:35

across billions of light years. That

2:37

completely changes how we thought the

2:40

universe works. and this is a

2:42

seed steel. Imagine. If.

2:44

We discovered this Know. What? We

2:46

might discover the in the future

2:48

and how strains that things might

2:50

be and how wrong we could

2:53

have been in the past. That's

2:55

was brilliant about science. Also talked

2:57

about discoveries: A huge ancient city

2:59

has been found in the Amazon

3:01

rain forest, hidden for thousands of

3:03

years by vegetation. On this discovery,

3:05

toys is what we know about

3:08

the history of people living in

3:10

the Amazon. Houses in town squares

3:12

were found in the country of

3:14

Ecuador, all linked by roads. And

3:16

to now is it lies in the shadow

3:18

of a volcano that would have made really

3:20

rich soyuz filled with nutrients. Grow plants though

3:23

side of okay they might lead to the

3:25

disks. Spurs see

3:27

that is older than any other side we

3:29

know in the Amazon. And we

3:31

really only for people who live there. Are. They

3:35

speak for is what we were

3:37

saying. that constantly discovering new things

3:40

about how we were and what's

3:42

happening in the future and it

3:44

completely changes everything we thought we

3:47

know. Science is a is a

3:49

constant journey of discovery. Were always

3:51

asking questions and finally looking back

3:53

to the past. a dog sliver

3:56

of rock pulled from a limestone

3:58

quarry in the United. They

4:00

has found the world's oldest!

4:02

Be if Skyn. The.

4:05

Fossil is nearly two hundred ninety million

4:07

years old and the skin would have

4:09

once been on the Amnio. It's who

4:11

were four legged vertebrates the Evo from

4:14

amphibious they with the early Brits I

4:16

was birds and mammals as they were

4:18

the creatures the first went swimming in

4:21

the seats on land at this in

4:23

his own evidence have of them. Less

4:35

Second with Betty and Mild and

4:37

these are microbe friends and who?

4:39

A company taking a look inside

4:41

your body, how it works, were

4:44

all your organs do and they've

4:46

been dealing with big questions, ethical

4:48

dilemmas where there is a right

4:50

and the rome to the answer.

4:53

This. Sweet! They're looking at what it

4:56

would be like if we replaced body

4:58

parts. Maybe. You could

5:00

live forever. But. What would be

5:02

lest of the original person? Would.

5:04

We end up as a valuable and who

5:07

would be responsible for fixing us that. Now.

5:10

Is the books and the numbers Council on Fire

5:12

I said. Go

5:16

ahead. sorry about the rocket my

5:18

friends family and now you know

5:20

microbes that live at the bottom

5:22

of an old as a single

5:25

celled organisms that are very single

5:27

minded. Have a man never agree

5:29

on anything on procedural of the

5:31

snorting. So lads, what's the topic

5:34

today? Oil. Really

5:37

taking me forever to get a word

5:39

in on Saturday seats is debate is

5:41

all about. Knitting. or

5:45

trying to i mean come on

5:47

we'd all love to live forever

5:49

wouldn't i wouldn't says using it

5:51

would get a bit boring after

5:54

like the five hundred birthday you

5:56

might see through years of opening

5:58

presents Unlikely.

6:00

Well, human beings seem to try very

6:03

hard to stay alive as long as

6:05

possible, don't they? They take medicines, replace

6:07

broken hips and knees, use wooden legs,

6:09

and have pacemakers to keep their hearts

6:12

ticking. It's a good point. Although I

6:14

think prosthetic limbs are plastic, not wooden.

6:16

But that's not really trying to live

6:18

forever, is it? It's just fixing broken

6:21

bits. But what if you could fix

6:23

all the broken bits for years and

6:25

years and years? Well, I suppose. Yeah,

6:27

well, you'd live forever then. Unless, I

6:30

don't know, you were exploded in a vacuum of

6:32

space. Exploding

6:35

in a vacuum? Well, how do you

6:37

want to tell my mate if I'm in

6:40

a vacuum? Okay, bad example. I

6:42

just wouldn't like the idea of all

6:44

that metal and plastic clanking about inside

6:46

me. It seems like the more stuff you

6:48

need, the more you have to trust it to keep

6:50

working. I mean, even tablet computers go on

6:52

the blink at times. Well, humans have to

6:54

trust their bodies all the time. You don't

6:56

see them sitting around saying, Please,

6:58

please, please, please, please, please,

7:01

please, please, please, please. Perhaps

7:04

you'd forget about all the implanted bits and

7:06

bobs. But what if you had loads of

7:08

stuff replaced, and one day you woke up,

7:10

and it freaked you out being some kind

7:12

of robot cyborg human? What would you say then?

7:16

Ungrateful. That's what I'd

7:18

say. Ungrateful, robo-humans. Yeah,

7:21

and if all of me was replaced, is

7:23

there a point where I wouldn't actually be human

7:25

anymore? And what if I don't like being a

7:27

robot anymore? What if I'm bored of living forever?

7:29

Take it out! It's up to you what you

7:32

put in your body, isn't it? Whose body is

7:34

it anyway? Take it out! Well, it might

7:36

be your body, but if you want to

7:38

go back to the way you were, then

7:40

someone has to take it all out, unless

7:42

you fancy doing the surgery on yourself. No,

7:46

mate. Definitely not. That is not the direction I'd

7:48

want to go in. But you've shown another little

7:50

problem there. We have to rely on others to

7:52

put this stuff in and out. What if it

7:54

goes wrong and it needs fixing? Malefunction. Do you

7:56

have to pay for the repairs? So

8:00

what if you have to pay for repairs?

8:02

If you've got the cash you could even

8:04

get some super enhancements. Ah, but what

8:06

if you're poor? Are you saying only rich people get

8:09

the choice of living forever? That doesn't sound fair to

8:11

me. Life isn't fair, mate.

8:13

Lazy thinking, there. If you ask me,

8:15

we should be thinking about how we

8:17

can best use the science and technology

8:19

at our disposal to make things fair.

8:22

It's a brain-busting Bonnie Bamboozler for sure.

8:25

Sure is. Catch you next

8:27

time. Bonnie and Mal, or the

8:29

Peasies, with support from the Lufford

8:31

Council on Bioethics. Find out more

8:34

at funkidslive.com/Benny and Mal. Let's

8:37

get to your questions, then. I love

8:39

this part of the show where you

8:41

send over anything sciency that you've been

8:43

wondering as a voice note to the

8:46

Free Fun Kids app. You can also

8:48

find it and record yourself on the

8:50

Science Weekly page at funkidslive.com. Our

8:52

good friend and star of this week's

8:54

show, Jake, has done that. I just

8:57

want to know, if energy can't be

8:59

created, where do you come from? Now,

9:01

energy, Jake, is really tough

9:03

to get your head around. And

9:05

energy can't be created or destroyed.

9:08

It's only converted. It's moved from one

9:11

form of energy to another. And

9:14

that is a fundamental idea of science. It's

9:16

known as the conservation of energy.

9:20

Now, the general belief is that all

9:22

energy came about from the Big Bang

9:24

billions of years ago, that huge burst

9:26

which flung matter across the universe. And

9:29

all the energy we have comes from

9:31

that. We use it, and it

9:33

ends up going back into the universe. The

9:36

main source for energy here on Earth comes from

9:38

the Sun. Solar

9:40

energy, which comes from nuclear fusion

9:42

on the Sun, converts one form

9:44

of energy to another. That

9:46

solar energy helps the

9:49

plants grow and stay alive. The plants

9:51

are then consumed by animals. You

9:54

might eat plants. You might eat animals too.

9:56

So you've got that energy now. That changes

9:58

to kinetic movement energy. in you,

10:01

which then goes on and on and on.

10:04

It's like a flowchart. Have you done

10:06

those in school? One thing comes another

10:08

thing which helps in other things. So that

10:11

energy isn't created. It's just

10:13

constantly changing form. And

10:15

that is how energy isn't made, but it's

10:18

always there. Jake, thank you very much for

10:20

the question. This has been sent over to

10:22

me from Rowan in Scotland who wants to

10:25

know, what do viruses eat? Well,

10:27

viruses that can infect your body work

10:29

like being a parasite. It's a brilliant

10:31

question because you have to wonder what

10:33

keeps viruses alive in your body. And

10:36

by starving them of that, it's one way

10:38

that you defeat the virus. When

10:40

you get infected by one, it goes straight for

10:42

your cells and it feeds off those cells. You

10:46

make something called ATP, adenosine triphosphate.

10:48

It's a compound in your cells

10:50

that gives them energy to grow

10:53

and to move and it

10:55

also feeds the virus. So as

10:57

you get infected, the virus will stick to

10:59

your cells. It'll become like a vampire bat,

11:01

like a leech, a parasite, a mosquito that

11:03

sucks all that ATP that uses that energy

11:05

to help them out too. And

11:07

that is how viruses stay alive,

11:09

Rowan. Thank you so much for the question.

11:11

If you have anything you want answered next

11:13

week on the show, make sure you leave

11:15

it as a voicemail for me on the

11:18

free Fun Kids app or at funkidslive.com. It's

11:21

the Fun Kids Science Weekly. Now we talk a

11:23

lot about the climate crisis on the show and

11:26

how it impacts your life. What

11:29

will it impact on your plate? What

11:31

about what you eat for dinner? Let's find out. Marin

11:33

McKenna is a science author and has done a

11:36

lot of digging in this. Marin, thank you

11:38

so much for joining us. So let's just start

11:40

off. There is so much to be thoughtful

11:43

and perhaps concerned with the

11:45

change in climate. What

11:47

made you really interested in how

11:50

it might impact food in the

11:52

future? So like

11:54

any journalist, I read what other journalists

11:57

are writing over the year, right? The

12:00

other newspapers and magazines and so

12:02

forth and on. Slugs and sings

12:05

on the web and over the

12:07

course of the year I just

12:09

kept seeing all these stories about

12:11

how many crops were suffering this

12:14

year. Potatoes and tomatoes and corn

12:16

and barley and olives and oranges.

12:18

There was story after story about

12:21

how strange weather patterns were setting

12:23

the production of all these crops.

12:25

and when you look into what

12:28

the reason is, it's all. That

12:30

the changing weather patterns have something.

12:32

To do with climate change So. Every

12:35

basic level. How. Is

12:37

a fixing it because. You.

12:39

Know some is officer and we're told

12:41

that but winters will be colder, will

12:43

get more rain will get a lot

12:46

more of the extremes. Why will that

12:48

affect how are orange juice grow? How

12:50

many our lives we can. A very

12:52

simple stuff like that. So. Every

12:54

crops that we eat is grown

12:56

in a place says best for

12:58

it right? Like olives they're grown

13:00

in Spain. Spain makes more olive

13:02

oil than anywhere else in the

13:04

world because the warm dry conditions.

13:07

On. The slopes where those trees are.

13:09

Are best for that particular plant.

13:11

That's the same reason why we

13:14

grow corn in particular parts of

13:16

the United States, or oranges in

13:18

Florida and California. But the sings

13:21

that those crops. Need to grow.

13:23

The best are moving away from

13:25

where the crops are. The are

13:28

inches might be in a place

13:30

is getting drier or hotter or

13:32

is getting much more rain. More

13:34

rain than the crop can really

13:37

sustain. So the weather that the

13:39

crops adapted to is now leaving

13:41

them. And. Leaving the crops

13:43

behind? So what can we do

13:45

about this in the future without

13:47

being too interested and all having

13:49

to individually change every single part

13:51

of what we do and what

13:53

we eat? What. it should

13:56

really how can this be fixed

13:58

moving food or is it light

14:00

and oranges will never be the same again.

14:02

There's really only two things you can do

14:04

broadly. One is you can move the crop

14:07

to where the weather's good now. And

14:09

the second is you can change the crop.

14:12

But neither of those are things that can happen

14:14

really quickly because we're talking about really

14:16

big industries. So maybe if you're

14:18

someone who grows grapes to make

14:20

wine, you might change

14:23

the kind of grapes that you grow and make a different

14:25

kind of wine, or you might move

14:27

the coffee plants further up

14:29

a mountain where it's cooler than the kind

14:31

of temperature that the coffee used to grow

14:33

in. But that's a

14:36

big production, moving that kind of

14:38

crop production around. The other thing is that

14:40

we could re-breed crops, whether they do

14:42

it the traditional way that farmers have

14:44

always done it, or they do it

14:46

in the laboratory with something like CRISPR.

14:49

But you still have to take

14:51

those tinkered with crops and test them

14:53

out in the field. And that takes

14:55

a couple of years to figure out whether

14:57

the crop that you've tinkered with really

15:00

works as well as you thought it

15:02

would. Now, for the last few years,

15:04

I know I have, and many

15:07

people listening might have really cut

15:09

down on how much meat that

15:11

we're eating. Because we're told that

15:13

meat, agriculture, emissions, mainly from cattle

15:15

and beef, is very harmful to

15:17

our atmosphere. And that's impacting the

15:19

climate, right? So we're eating

15:21

a lot of vegetables. Well, the problem is, is

15:24

there going to be any vegetables left for

15:26

us to eat? Will there be a time,

15:28

Marian, when there is nothing grown that we

15:30

can possibly eat? People who work in crop

15:33

science and farmers and so forth are terminal

15:35

optimists. They have to be, right? Because

15:37

even if the climate weren't changing, there's

15:39

always something that's happening on a farm that's

15:41

going to be depressing. And so you just have to have

15:43

a good attitude about it. And what

15:46

they say at this point is that

15:48

this is a big world. And there's

15:50

a lot of growing areas in the

15:52

world that we're not fully exploiting. So

15:54

it's not necessarily that we're All

15:56

going to starve, but we might have to

15:58

get used to. The crops

16:01

coming from different places.

16:04

Than. They come from now. Zealots, time

16:06

travel a second Marin that's throw ourselves

16:08

twenty years into the future. Thirty years.

16:11

I'm sitting down in my No Doubts

16:13

Mega Man soon because of unloads a

16:15

Monday. My dining table looks out over

16:18

my massive swimming pool. I'm up in

16:20

the hills. the sun is shining. I

16:22

know ago my awards for various podcasts

16:25

and films I've started. I'm very impressed.

16:27

Was a very much more than welcome

16:29

to come over the wall We see

16:31

Molson, Adina play into the Thirty Years

16:34

Mary. Sue. For one thing, it might not

16:36

be peace. In lit bit sick

16:38

and because the princes the chicken

16:40

is to lease much less harmful

16:42

to the climate than pieces. So

16:44

maybe we give up on cutting

16:46

down the amazon. then we turn.

16:48

Around to growing much more

16:50

chicken. so there's second moon

16:52

we might. Not be drinking the

16:55

kind of wine the people are used

16:57

to drinking. and we might not even

16:59

be drinking beer because barley as one

17:01

of those crops that's being affected by

17:04

where the climate is. Changing. But

17:07

we might still be able to eat

17:09

things like salad and tomatoes and minutes

17:11

and things like that if we can

17:14

figure out how to grow them in

17:16

a more protected way like in glass

17:18

houses for instance that doesn't use. A

17:20

lot more energy because energies going to

17:23

get more expensive. And last question and

17:25

is it's really for you to. Calm.

17:28

Me down. I'm a vegetarian and I think

17:30

I might be the only vegetarian that put

17:32

on loads more way because I substituted me

17:34

for just like Pastor. Just. Loads

17:36

of pass us so please

17:38

tell me. That. In thirty

17:41

years. With all my

17:43

small size or can have some spaghetti lot

17:45

as be a is not going away. As

17:47

if I don't think that's because he's going

17:49

away to spaghetti the wheat crop right? So

17:51

in the United States. Wheat production

17:54

is moving north. It's moving out

17:56

of the Us parts of the

17:58

country where. We had those who. Derek

18:00

Amber waves of grain that's in

18:02

one of our national anthems, and

18:04

it's moving toward more colder climates

18:07

and up into Canada, so we'll

18:09

still have weeks. But

18:11

I'm not sure you're going to be able have

18:13

to have olive oil on your spaghetti, and I

18:15

might even be a little skeptical of tomatoes. You

18:17

might have to find some other. Sauce to

18:19

put on it and stuff like her

18:22

and of Troy spaghetti. Four assists in

18:24

Mary Mckenna Thank you so much for

18:26

joining us If you are welcome This.

18:30

Is a part of a show where we

18:32

explore the universe and strange parts of our

18:34

planet. To. Hung out though we'd

18:37

is the strangest. The most deadly things

18:39

in the world is queued dangerous down.

18:41

This week we are headed to North

18:43

America us to take a look at

18:45

the Ruskin. Nice. So. Can

18:48

you guess what animal is? What? Makes

18:50

it unique. Skins like.

18:53

It's a new and he's got rough

18:55

skin. A new is an amphibian that

18:58

it looks like a lizard. They have

19:00

four legs, a long tail, a thick

19:02

head at the top. The Ruskin You

19:05

is quite speaking with a much more

19:07

rounded head than others. It's normally brown

19:09

or dog green with a bright orange

19:11

on the belly, and they grow to

19:14

just under twenty. Census is so looks

19:16

like this in his ruff from in

19:18

Albany and he makes something very strange.

19:21

They sweat as offices poised. To

19:23

defend themselves and predators. Now they do

19:25

warn you about these if I feel

19:28

for and they they make a disgusting

19:30

vile sense but as far as or

19:32

anything it's on of radiates from their

19:34

body which lets other creatures know to

19:37

stay aware that if they carry on

19:39

a moose. Wow! This poison code had

19:41

through the toxic. You. Might remember

19:43

one of the first I understand the

19:46

we ever did was all about the

19:48

pufferfish. It's a face that expands itself,

19:50

the puffs itself our that makes a

19:52

toxic sweat which continue straight away. You

19:55

be easier when it's the same with

19:57

this animal Edu a a rough skin.

20:00

Be prepared correctly, you could

20:02

swallow their toxins and things

20:04

get very bad guy. oh

20:06

my. Stray away now. thankfully

20:08

he said you. it's got

20:10

rough skin, looks a bit

20:12

like a strange beast from

20:15

aside by media doesn't have

20:17

three appetizer. And. It's

20:19

of Ruskin new but then again

20:21

your last night who do like

20:23

Sweden must look appetizing. for those

20:25

that means against a place and

20:27

I understand list. Before.

20:33

We finish up this week. Let's second

20:35

with second. I'm I'm She is our

20:37

guys. It guru er, genius who knows

20:40

everything about why things work, how they

20:42

were made, who made them, and how

20:44

we use them every day. This league

20:47

Second: a mom is making us brighter

20:49

by making things brighter. Sex

20:52

Know months off file. You

20:55

probably know to turn lights off when you not

20:57

using them. Oh you should. Be

20:59

no her like actually work when you.

21:01

Flip the switch. Old types of both

21:03

send electricity to a thin line with

21:06

close when who's responsible doesn't last for

21:08

a long than and current difference on

21:10

the most common parts of both these

21:12

days or energy efficient ones. Cfl.

21:15

Or compact fluorescent lights,

21:17

electricity, Makes a glimpse inside give us

21:19

night. They use a lot less energy and

21:21

last much longer. Any these are another type

21:23

of lighting. may from tiny bones that are

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lined up increase. You to see these on

21:28

some thoughts is like a lights and even on some

21:30

street and traffic lights. And in people's lights

21:32

at home. H L E D's may

21:34

to produce one hundred light When electricity

21:36

passes through it, They use even less

21:38

energy than Cfl and last ten years,

21:40

why not check out the bones in

21:43

your house or the energy efficient. With

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the Institution of Engineering and Technology

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advancing and serving knowledge. And

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Isaac this week weekly. So much

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for listening. Is anything science A?

22:01

You announce it on the podcast next week make

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so you leave as a boy say for me

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on the free Fun Kids Out or at some

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Kids lies.com. While you that

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you can second with loads of are brilliant

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all around the country on the front Been

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he gospels the got wake up and off

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it's of I think.