Normal
135-145 mEq/L

Indications

• Monitor:
• Extracellular osmolality
• Electrolyte imbalance

Description
Sodium (Na+) is the most abundant cation in extracellular fluid. Sodium aids in osmotic pressure, renal retention and excretion of water, acid-base balance, regulation of other cations and anions in the body. Sodium plays a role in blood pressure regulation and stimulation of neuromuscular reactions. Sodium and water have a direct relationship; water follows salt.

What would cause increased levels?

• Cushing Syndrome
• Hyperaldosteronism
• Dehydration
• Burn injury
• Azotemia (elevated nitrogen)
• Lactic acidosis (LA)
• Fever/excessive sweating
• Excessive IV fluids containing sodium
• Diabetes Insipidus
• Osmotic diuresis

What would cause decreased levels?

• Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
• Syndrome of Inappropriate
• Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)
• Cystic Fibrosis
• Diuretic use
• Metabolic acidosis
• Addison’s Disease
• Nephrotic Syndrome
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Ascites
• Excessive Antidiuretic
• Hormone(ADH)
• Liver failure