2:00

i stay close to the steps of the shallow

2:02

and i can swim i can hardly flowed

2:05

i have nothing for buoyancy i'm scrawny

2:07

any body fat i may have is hiding

2:10

or had swimming lessons at summer camp but apparently

2:12

haven't learned much i'm

2:15

practicing floating on my back we're trying to

2:17

over and over again i leaned back kick

2:20

my feet off the floor of the pool hover

2:22

for a second at the surface but then

2:24

my concave chest collapses i

2:26

think like a rock and come up sputtering

2:30

my flailing routine sinking

2:32

almost drowning catch my breath repeat

2:35

is interrupted when a teenager wage over to

2:37

me he's

2:38

tall or at least a lot taller than i am

2:41

lean tanned a

2:43

halo of blonde curls backlit

2:45

my vacation son maybe fifteen

2:47

or sixteen per catch his name let

2:51

me give you a hand i'll help you float he says

2:55

just relax and lean back i

2:57

won't drop you promise i'd

3:00

use i'm told he places one

3:02

hand at the base of my spine and another

3:04

between my shoulder blades he

3:06

eases me out of the water's surface

3:09

that's what happens a

3:12

surge

3:12

of energy like nothing i've ever

3:14

felt before not a lightning

3:16

bolt or an electric shock but a liquid

3:18

place that spreads up and down my spine

3:21

between his hands

3:23

the back

3:23

of my head in the water in my ears

3:25

below the surface i can hear

3:27

the inside of each breath instead

3:30

of seeking and flailing

3:32

i am so alive and

3:34

i

3:34

have no idea what this feeling means for the

3:36

life stretching out ahead of

3:38

me as i stare

3:40

at the sky all at once

3:43

electric blue i'm

3:48

eric marcus this is coming of age during

3:50

the nineteen seventies a production and making a

3:52

history chapter

3:54

one a surge of energy Gay

4:00

is proud, gay is proud, gay

4:03

is proud to say it. June 28, 1970.

4:08

One of the most important days in the history

4:10

of the American homosexuals' fight for

4:12

freedom. Gay power, gay power,

4:14

gay power, gay power.

4:16

Thousands marched in New York City, Chicago,

4:19

and Los Angeles. They represented

4:21

the mood of growing militancy in the United

4:24

States' gay community. Gay power, gay, gay, gay, gay,

4:26

gay, gay, gay, gay, gay, gay, gay, gay, gay, gay, gay, gay,

4:30

Dateline, San Francisco, 1970,

4:33

from the desk of Carl Whitman. This

4:36

is the Gay Manifesto. In

4:38

the past year, there has been an

4:40

awakening of gay liberation ideas

4:43

and energies. How it began,

4:45

we don't know. Maybe we were inspired

4:47

by black people and their freedom movement?

4:50

We learned how to stop pretending from the hip

4:52

revolution. America,

4:54

in all its ugliness, has surfaced

4:57

with the war and our national leaders. And

4:59

we are repulsed by

5:01

the quality of our ghetto life.

5:07

In the wake of the Stonewall uprising, a dam

5:09

had burst. The flood of organizing

5:11

it unleashed in the new decade was unprecedented

5:14

in American LGBTQ history.

5:16

In the first half of the 1970s, hundreds

5:19

of new organizations were blossoming, thousands

5:21

of young people were joining the movement and demanding

5:23

their rights. For starters, an

5:26

end to discrimination, the repeal of laws

5:28

criminalizing their relationships, and the removal

5:30

of homosexuality from the list of mental illnesses.

5:33

And their tactics changed radically.

5:39

Gone were the days of parading respectfully

5:41

and quietly in shirts and ties, skirts

5:43

and pumps as the homophile groups had done in the

5:45

1960s. These young people wanted

5:48

liberation.

5:52

That is a zap. These

5:54

in-your-face protests were the hallmark of the

5:57

Gay Activist Alliance. The GAA

5:59

zaps.

6:00

or attention-grabbing, personal, and

6:02

kind of playful. Yay, activist alliance!

6:05

Don't

6:05

use the game! Where are we? Don't

6:08

use the game! This tape is from New York City

6:10

in June 1971. Members

6:13

of GAA have invaded the city's marriage

6:15

bureau. They're furious with the city

6:17

clerk, Herman Katz, who's been threatening

6:19

legal action over a same-sex marriage

6:22

ceremony of Holy Union that was held

6:24

at the Church of Holy Apostles earlier that

6:26

year. A marriage between two

6:28

men or two women was, of course, illegal

6:30

back then. The activists are

6:32

having fun with their fury. You want an invitation

6:34

to our reception? Here, you're invited. This

6:37

office belongs to us. The bureau takeover

6:40

includes a plan to host an engagement party for

6:42

two same-sex couples. They've even brought

6:44

cake. Here's GAA

6:46

member Arthur Evans answering the bureau's

6:48

phone to an unsuspecting member of the public.

6:51

This is definitely the marriage bureau, but it's

6:53

been taken over by the Gay Activist Alliance. Your

6:56

mother and dad are going to get married? Are they gay? I'm

6:59

sorry, we can't help you. No,

7:03

I can't. I'm sorry. But if you come down and talk

7:05

to some person, we'll be glad to talk to you. Give you some

7:07

free wedding cake. Oh

7:09

yes, we'll be here for quite a while. Well,

7:12

that's possible.

7:14

Okay, bye-bye.

7:17

Do that long, yeah, my brothers and

7:19

my sisters. The Gay Activists Alliance

7:21

was just one of the hundreds of new organizations

7:23

taking root. the Queen's Liberation Front,

7:26

lesbian feminist liberation, and... Let's

7:30

hear now from the Great Transvestite Action

7:33

Revolutionary. CHEERING

7:37

Sylvia Lee Rivera. Right on, Sylvia. In

7:42

March 1971, representatives from a dozen or so

7:44

gay rights groups held

7:46

a rally in Albany, New York State's capital. They

7:49

were lobbying for the passage of a statewide gay rights bill. gay

7:51

rights bill. Sylvia Rivera was

7:53

there representing the street transvestite action revolutionaries

7:56

or star and she was full of

7:59

revolutionary zeal. addressing the rally.

8:10

which

8:30

is a felony A, one to three years,

8:32

which is a trumped up

8:34

charge, which should be thrown off

8:36

the book.

8:36

Why not? Why not? And the

8:39

only way we can achieve this is by

8:41

revolution. I don't believe in the Lord, then

8:43

do it, neither do we. And revolution is

8:45

the only way. To all the people,

8:48

power to all the people that are oppressed,

8:51

revolution and revolutionary love. Thank

8:53

you. Right now. Like many activists

8:56

at the time, Sylvia had a finger in numerous

8:58

revolutionary pies. Thank you, Sylvia.

9:01

In addition to starting the Street Transvestite Action

9:03

revolutionaries with her friend Marsha B. Johnson,

9:05

Sylvia was an early member of the Gay Activist

9:07

Alliance, playing a key role in its founding.

9:11

She was also part of the Gay Caucus of the Young

9:13

Lords, the Puerto Rican Revolutionary Youth

9:15

Party. For groups like that, you

9:17

couldn't separate gay liberation from the global

9:19

revolutionary struggle,

9:21

a struggle for liberation from racism

9:23

and American imperialism. And

9:25

the activism was erupting from a deep dissatisfaction.

9:28

No, that's not it. And utter rejection

9:31

is more like it, of the status quo.

9:33

Everything was on the table demands-wise to

9:35

overthrow the system. Connecting struggles

9:38

meant gay liberation must also demand

9:40

an end to criminalization and incarceration.

9:45

As the marchers passed the Women's House of

9:47

Detention at Greenwich and Sixth Avenues,

9:50

a chant of free our sisters, free ourselves,

9:53

welled up. Free our sisters, free our

9:55

children.

9:56

Free our sisters, free our children.

9:58

Carl Whitman's Gay Manifesto. Section 7

10:00

on Coalition. Right

10:03

now, the bulk of our work has to be among ourselves.

10:07

Self-educating, fending off attacks,

10:09

and building our free territory. But,

10:12

two problems exist with that as a total

10:14

vision. One, we

10:16

can't change America alone. We

10:19

need coalition with other oppressed groups

10:21

at some point. Two, many

10:23

of us have mixed identities. We are

10:26

gay, and we are also part of another group

10:28

trying to free itself. itself. Women,

10:30

Blacks, other minority

10:32

groups. We may also have taken on identities

10:34

which are vital to us. Dopers,

10:36

ecologists, radicals. Whom

10:40

do we look to for coalition?

10:45

This is Huey Newton, co-founder and

10:48

de facto leader of the Black Panthers. We've

10:50

had meetings with the homosexual

10:53

representatives of the homosexual group and

10:56

also the women's Liberation

10:59

Front.

11:00

Newton is speaking on Pacifica Radio

11:02

in August 1970. That

11:04

same month he published a manifesto in the Black

11:07

Panther Party newspaper calling for

11:09

an alliance between the Panthers and women's

11:11

liberation and gay liberation.

11:13

The homosexual group have been

11:16

oppressed so much and so

11:18

badly until it

11:20

was hard to convince them that

11:22

the Black Panther Party is

11:25

relating to them. But we

11:27

see that

11:30

homosexuals are human beings and

11:33

they are oppressed because of the bourgeois

11:35

mentality and the bourgeois

11:37

treachery that exists

11:40

in this country that tries

11:42

to legislate sexual

11:45

activity. Most

11:47

of the laws or laws not

11:50

to promote freedom, which

11:53

is, I believe, one

11:55

of the most essential things the man

11:58

universally strives after. whether

12:00

it's internal freedom or external freedom.

12:03

Even from here, peering back 50 years

12:05

into the past, the energy is palpable.

12:09

The Gay Liberation Front, the very first of

12:11

the radical organizations found in the immediate aftermath

12:13

of the Stonewall Uprising, was spawning

12:15

Marxist offshoots, including

12:18

Third World Gay Revolution and the

12:20

Red Butterfly Cell. For some

12:22

activists, Gay Liberation was about more

12:25

than asking for legal reforms. It was

12:27

a revolutionary call to join

12:29

with all the other groups fighting against the system.

12:32

We felt that the struggles should be united,

12:34

not separated, and

12:36

that they were part of the same struggle. Martha

12:39

Shelley was a founder of the Gay Liberation

12:41

Front. Which, if you can

12:43

for me, list what struggles

12:46

were united at that time. Well,

12:50

they were united in our hearts, not in the

12:52

political reality of the world. the black

12:55

civil rights movement, the

12:57

struggle against the

13:00

Vietnam War, and the tendency of

13:05

the U.S. government to first

13:08

of all involve in self-indominating the rest of

13:10

the world,

13:11

and second to draft

13:15

our young asses, at least the male young asses,

13:17

and send them over there to get killed. The

13:22

women's movement, feminist politics,

13:25

socialist politics, the whole

13:28

idea behind the war on poverty, which

13:31

anybody who was involved in it more and more began

13:33

to see that it would have to involve

13:35

changing the structure of the society,

13:38

not just throwing out a few more welfare

13:40

dollars. Every

13:43

ethnic group had its own civil rights cause,

13:45

and

13:46

And of course the gay cause. You

13:48

can think of any more will throw them in there.

13:51

Oh yeah. I'm

13:53

not sure how to describe this,

13:57

but in a sense it was a movement

13:59

for psychic. liberation and

14:02

it was related to the insights we

14:04

got from taking psychedelics

14:06

was of the right to marines

14:09

of a movement you have the right to take whatever

14:11

germs you chose as long as you didn't hurt anybody

14:13

right that was one of our platforms

14:16

but that was the

14:18

point wasn't taking the drugs the point

14:21

was at least the where we

14:23

thought at the time

14:24

to liberate

14:27

our minds from the

14:31

philosophical constraints

14:34

a psychological constraints put them this the

14:36

things that you are allowed to think the

14:39

philosophies that you were allowed to hold

14:42

the way right thinking people always what supposed

14:44

to thing

14:47

young people were changing the world

14:50

it was the quickly energy of the previously

14:52

unimaginable seeming possible

14:56

we thought the government was going to come down

15:06

in may nineteen seventy one the get

15:08

to this alliance took over an old fire

15:10

department building and so hope new york city

15:13

they called it the firehouse until

15:16

the early seventies gay and lesbian people

15:18

mostly relied on bars for their safe spaces

15:21

and they really weren't safe they were often

15:23

run by the mafia and subject police raids

15:26

but spaces like the firehouse and

15:28

the gay liberation front stances at a place

15:30

on the edge of greenwich village called alternate you

15:33

were something else

15:34

something magical we

15:39

were expressing our felt

15:42

physically were expressing our affection for

15:44

each other in our sense of community in those damn

15:46

that's what do couldn't go and gay bars the

15:48

fear of being rated i would say yeah

15:51

that was really strong but at least

15:53

in the gay liberation dances there

15:55

was this consciousness of we

15:58

are here to give each other while the next

16:00

and who we are is okay.

16:02

And there were circle dances. You

16:05

never saw that in a gay bar. Instead of two

16:07

people against the world, it was

16:10

our whole community

16:11

giving each other support.

16:16

Over at the Firehouse, there

16:18

were weekly dances.

16:22

My former lover took me down to

16:25

the Firehouse, and this was 1971. 1971 and

16:29

I didn't know what to expect and

16:31

I remember Walking in

16:33

and it looked like a firehouse. They had

16:35

the first floor was like a wide

16:37

open I guess that's where the trucks used to be

16:40

and they had the big dances

16:42

interview with Joyce hunter interviewer

16:45

is Eric Marcus It was

16:47

exciting and it was a woman's

16:49

dance. I was Really

16:52

overwhelmed and it was like

16:55

For me, it was like coming

16:57

home. It was the first time

17:00

that I saw a

17:02

group of women not in a bar situation.

17:05

And it was so exciting. And

17:07

I was just, it was very overwhelming. But

17:10

boy, but I got hooked in to the

17:14

people who were doing this. You know, I was saying,

17:17

what a wonderful thing. And it was the first time I learned

17:19

about, I didn't know nothing about feminism. I

17:21

didn't know what it meant. And

17:24

I didn't know about the gay movement. I mean, I was

17:26

still closeted, but

17:27

I had decided to come out after going to

17:29

that dance. It

17:35

was like, why

17:38

am I living this crazy life?

17:40

And

17:44

so the movement really did so much for

17:46

me. It was like, it

17:48

gave me a sense of who I was and a sense of identity

17:51

that I really didn't have.

17:55

And there was Cabaret. Now

17:58

to start the show.

18:00

I did nervous, according to the front

18:02

of the line. The beloved Mama Jean

18:04

Devante not only served as Grand

18:06

Marshal at a number of early pride marches,

18:09

she was a key member of the Gay Activist Alliance

18:11

and Lesbian Feminist Liberation. A

18:14

self-described butch dyke, on this

18:16

occasion, she's not in her usual threads.

18:19

The tape is a little fuzzy with age, and

18:21

also as messy as you'd expect from

18:23

a chaotic cabaret at the firehouse. But

18:25

it sounds like Mama Jean is all

18:28

dressed up to MC the cabaret, literally

18:31

dressed up. She's being introduced as

18:33

the world's first female, female

18:36

personator.

18:45

Apparently, she's finding her girdle kind

18:48

of uncomfortable. Ah! I was

18:50

just fucking curious about it! Come on! Thank

18:55

you! You should know what I look like underneath!

18:58

I know! Your dreams are... How

19:00

much do you know? Gee-go! Honey,

19:03

don't look what I'm not here or

19:05

I'll squeeze your balls. Isn't

19:08

this beautiful? Man can live the ends together

19:10

in one day. Yes! The

19:20

Gay Liberation Front's magazine published its

19:22

first edition in the months following Stonewall.

19:25

Titled, Come Out, it was a magazine

19:28

and it was a challenge for LGBTQ

19:30

people to be seen and to find each other.

19:33

The personal was the political. Coming

19:36

out was then, as it is now an

19:38

individual journey, but

19:39

the visibility it brought with it, the

19:42

payoff that came with the very real personal

19:44

risk, was a vital part of the movement

19:47

for gay rights.

19:48

Here's a little something from Kama'aout's third

19:50

edition in April 1970. It's

19:53

a review of one of the dances at Alternate You

19:55

by Kathy Braun.

19:57

Under the subtitle Art Review, Kathy

19:59

writes, The dancing was of the

20:01

usual superlative quality. Them

20:04

queers can sure shake a leg.

20:06

Under analysis, Kathy goes on. Who

20:08

wants to go to a gay bar when you can get 600 dancing

20:11

partners a light show and free coat

20:13

check, all for a contribution of $1.50, which

20:16

drinks only a quarter? Although

20:18

I feel that GLF is not unified

20:20

on its specific politics, and need

20:23

it be, the underlying theory

20:25

that prevails is that effective politics

20:27

must be based on caring about people,

20:30

and it is this theory, which permeates the

20:33

actions of every member of GLF, and

20:35

communicates directly to the people who come to the

20:37

dances. Although there are some

20:39

people who get together to talk politics, most

20:42

people are simply dancing, looking, listening,

20:45

groping, drinking, laughing, having

20:47

fun, being cared about. Gorgeous.

20:53

Joyful community building has always been

20:55

one of the best antidotes to the isolation

20:58

imposed by oppression. And

21:00

the gay community was growing. Fast.

21:03

The number of people involved in the movement was ballooning

21:05

from hundreds to tens of thousands. I

21:07

mean, that's nothing like today with millions

21:09

of LGBTQ people out and proud. But

21:12

still, the ways gay people were becoming

21:14

visible mattered. Magazines,

21:16

dances, marches and zaps. And

21:19

that visibility was reaching as far as big

21:21

national political events. The speaker

21:23

who just started is Madeline Davis, a

21:26

32-year-old communications worker from Buffalo,

21:28

New York, who just identified herself as

21:30

a lesbian. 1972, the

21:33

Democratic Party National Convention

21:35

in Miami Beach, Florida.

21:37

20 million Americans are grateful

21:39

and proud of the Democratic Party.

21:42

Madeline Davis was the first openly

21:44

lesbian delegate to a major party convention,

21:47

and she urged the party to include gay rights

21:49

as part of the 1972 Democratic platform.

21:52

We are the minorities of

21:55

minorities. We belong to every

21:57

race and creed, both sexes.

22:00

Every economic and social level,

22:02

every nationality and religion. We

22:04

live in large cities and in small towns,

22:07

but we are the untouchables in American

22:10

society. We have suffered

22:12

the gamut of oppression from being

22:15

totally ignored or ridiculed

22:17

to having our heads smashed and

22:20

our blood spilled in the streets. Now

22:23

we are coming out of our closets and onto

22:26

the convention floor to tell

22:28

you the delegates and

22:30

to tell all gay people throughout

22:33

America that we are here

22:35

to put an end to our fears.

22:36

Gay rights activists from all

22:38

over the country were there. Here was Jim

22:41

Als from Gay Activist Alliance. There was beat

22:43

poet Alan Ginsberg, and on the main

22:45

stage, Madeleine, strident and

22:47

clear.

22:48

Our fears that people will know us for

22:50

who we are, that they will shun

22:52

and revile us, fire us from our

22:54

jobs, reject us from our families,

22:57

evicted us from our homes, beat us

22:59

and jail us. And for what? Because

23:02

we have chosen to love each other.

23:06

I

23:06

am asking that you vote yes." A

23:09

female delegate from Ohio addressed

23:11

the convention, offering a rebuttal to the

23:13

Gay and Lesbian Caucus' proposed plank. She

23:16

connected homosexuality with prostitution

23:19

and pedophilia.

23:20

The plank was not added to the Democratic

23:22

Party platform that year. It would

23:24

take the Democratic National Party another

23:27

eight years to include gay rights in their platform.

23:30

And that New York State gay rights bill, Sylvia Rivera,

23:33

and others were rallying about in Albany back

23:35

in March 1971? That was

23:37

voted down two months later. As

23:39

Dr. Martin Luther King said many times,

23:41

the arc of the moral universe is long, but

23:44

it bends toward justice.

23:45

Activists can be laying the groundwork for

23:48

decades before a payoff.

23:50

There's this uneasy pairing of the kind

23:52

of impatience that refuses to accept the status

23:54

quo, with the kind of patience needed

23:56

to stay the course.

23:58

As a matter of fact...

24:00

Madeleine Davis was the founding member of

24:02

the Buffalo, New York chapter of the Mattachine Society.

24:04

I point that out because Mattachine itself was one

24:06

of the first US homophile organizations founded

24:10

back in the 1950s and 60s.

24:13

From Carl Whitman's The Gay Manifesto,

24:16

Section 7 on Coalition, Subsection 6,

24:20

Homophile Groups. Reformist

24:24

and pokey as they might sometimes

24:26

be. They are our brothers.

24:29

They will grow just as we have grown and

24:31

will grow. Don't attack them,

24:34

particularly in straight or mixed company.

24:37

Two, ignore their attacks

24:40

on us. Three, cooperate

24:43

where

24:43

cooperation is possible without

24:45

essential compromise on our identity.

24:51

As the Marxists marched and the gay liberationists'

24:54

lovins and zaps drew attention, the

24:56

work of that reformist and pokey

24:59

homophile movement was bearing

25:01

fruit.

25:02

This fall, Making Gay History will tell the

25:04

story of how homosexuality came

25:06

to be removed from the DSM. The

25:09

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual

25:11

was the official manual of psychiatric

25:13

disorders, and for as long as it had existed,

25:16

it had defined gay people as mentally

25:18

ill.

25:19

The facts of gay lives,

25:21

our loves, our identities, were

25:24

pathologized. How significant

25:27

was the removal of homosexuality?

25:29

Very significant because it means that

25:33

people who want to

25:35

discriminate against homosexuals

25:37

can say, look, the psychiatrists call it

25:39

an illness. It's considered a sexual

25:42

perversion

25:43

and they're a fancier name and

25:47

we can't have people who are

25:49

sick working for us. entitled to

25:51

stop them from being school teachers

25:53

or from hiring them or something of that sort.

25:56

So it wasn't merely that we removed them

25:59

from the...

26:00

of illness, we stated that

26:02

there was no reason why a gay

26:05

man and woman couldn't be just as

26:07

healthy, just as effective,

26:10

just as law-abiding

26:12

and capable of functioning as

26:16

any heterosexual, and furthermore,

26:18

that laws that discriminated

26:21

against them in housing or in employment

26:24

were unjustified.

26:27

Dr. Judd Marmer was a key figure

26:29

in the fight to remove homosexuality from the

26:31

DSM. You'll meet him this fall,

26:33

along with the other happy warriors who

26:35

took on the medical establishment and won.

26:39

You'll hear archival interviews, newly uncovered

26:41

tape, and first-person accounts. But

26:43

that's this fall. For now, you

26:45

need to know that in 1973, this

26:48

major hurdle was overcome. In

26:50

fact, the Chicago Gay Crusader newspaper

26:52

headline read, 20 million gay

26:55

people cured. It was official.

26:57

We weren't crazy anymore. But we were

26:59

still facing discrimination in housing, at work,

27:02

and in public accommodations. There were still

27:04

bar raids, police harassment, and beatings.

27:07

Professionals still lost their licenses to teach,

27:09

practice law, practice medicine, or psychiatry.

27:12

And when you have no rights,

27:13

you have no recourse. Meanwhile,

27:17

the first anti-discrimination laws have been passed

27:19

in East Lansing and Ann Arbor, laws

27:22

criminalizing sex between two men or two

27:24

women were repealed in several states, including

27:27

Oregon, Connecticut, Colorado, and Hawaii. Local

27:30

gay rights organizations were taking root, taking

27:33

action, and pushing the ball forward.

27:37

You know all that stuff people believe happened in the 60s?

27:41

It was actually the 1970s, a

27:43

misunderstood decade that I've come to understand

27:46

as the gay rights movement's adolescence. which

27:49

might be because it was also mine, just

27:51

starting to unfold in that pool at the Kreeb Hilton

27:53

in Puerto Rico.

27:58

I never saw that teenage swim instructor

28:00

with the golden halo again. It

28:03

would be years before I came to understand what

28:05

that feeling of liquid bliss really

28:07

was, what it meant.

28:09

I was still a kid. I

28:12

wasn't connected to the fight for gay rights,

28:14

but those battles were already shaping

28:17

my future. Those

28:19

activists were in the fight

28:22

for my life.

28:28

time on Coming of Age during the

28:30

1970s. Coming of Age without

28:33

a compass. Join us for

28:35

Fire Island and other stories.

28:43

This season of Making Gay History is produced and written

28:45

by me, Eric Marcus, and Making Gay History's

28:48

founding editor, Sara Burningham, with

28:50

archival research and production assistance from

28:52

Brian Fairey. Coming of Age during

28:54

the 1970s was mixed in sound

28:56

design by Anne Pope. Many

28:59

thanks to our hard-working crew at Making K History,

29:01

including Deputy Director Inge Duttaia,

29:04

Studio Engineer Michael Bognoir, photo

29:06

editor Michael Green, and our social media

29:08

producers Christiana Pena and Nick Porter.

29:11

This season was recorded at CDM Sound

29:13

Studios. Special thanks to interviewer

29:16

slash oral historian Shane O'Neill. Our

29:18

theme music and additional scoring were composed

29:21

by Fritz Myers. Thank you

29:23

to Brick Artery for allowing us to use audio

29:26

from his incredible documentary album,

29:28

June 28, 1970, Gay and Proud. The tape from the Firehouse

29:32

Cabaret is courtesy of the Rudy

29:34

Grillo collection at the LGBTQ

29:36

Center in New York, and the audio of

29:39

Sylvia Rivera's speech at the 1971 Albany rally

29:42

is courtesy of the Charles Pitts collection, also

29:45

at the center. Sound from the Gay

29:47

Activist Alliance's Marriage Bureau's app comes

29:50

from the inimitable Randy Wicker's extraordinary

29:52

personal archive, some of which can be found

29:55

on YouTube. Huey Newton's August 1971

29:58

interview was with San Francisco Bay

30:00

Area radio station KPFA thanks

30:03

to the Pacifica Archive. Carl

30:05

Whitman's gay manifesto is voiced by the incomparable

30:08

Devlin Camp, producer, writer, and

30:10

host of Queer Serial, a three-season

30:12

podcast chronicling LGBTQ

30:15

plus liberation in America from the beginning

30:17

to the Stonewall Uprising and its aftermath. And

30:21

thank you to Making Gay History's Deputy Director

30:23

Inge de Tayah, who is the voice of Kathy

30:25

Braun's Come Out column. Our

30:28

deputy director has such range.

30:32

This season of the podcast was made possible by

30:34

the generous support of the Jonathan Logan Family Foundation,

30:37

Patrick Hines and Steve Tipton, Broadway

30:39

Cares Equity Fights Aids, The Calamus

30:41

Foundation, Andrew and Erwin Press,

30:44

Bill Cux, Louis Bradbury, and scores

30:46

of other individual supporters. This

30:48

episode was underwritten with a very

30:51

generous donation from Andres Fund

30:53

and Robert Dodd honoring André

30:56

Bonhout. Please consider

30:58

joining us on Making Gay History's Patreon channel,

31:00

where you can support our work and at the same time gain

31:03

access to exclusive interviews, behind-the-scenes

31:05

conversations, and additional archival

31:07

audio excerpts that we think you'll enjoy

31:09

hearing. Sign up for just $5

31:12

a month at patreon.com slash

31:14

Making Gay History. Or just

31:16

go to MakingGayHistory.com and click

31:18

on the Patreon button. Coming

31:21

of age during the 1970s is a production

31:23

of Making Gay History.

31:24

I'm Eric Marcus. So long. time.