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High

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0:47

Hi

0:49

history makers. Eric Marcus here.

0:52

While we're working on the next season of making

0:54

gay history and in honor of Black History

0:56

Month, I'd like to share a terrifically

0:58

engaging an eye opening episode from

1:00

Sidedoor the Smithsonian institutions

1:03

flagship podcast. In

1:05

the episode you're about to hear, Sidedoor

1:07

explores the life and times of Black Transpioneer

1:10

and Lucy Hit Anderson who was born

1:12

in Kentucky in eighteen eighty six.

1:15

She was a remarkable woman, resourceful,

1:17

witty, and self possessed. And the

1:19

story of her perseverance in the face of crushing

1:22

prejudice resonates powerfully

1:24

to this day. I'll let Lizzie

1:26

Peabody from the side door take it from here.

1:29

To find more episodes, go to

1:31

s I dot edu slash indoor

1:34

or wherever you get your podcast. This

1:48

is Sidedoor, a podcast from the Smithsonian

1:51

with support from PRX and Lizzie

1:53

Peabody.

2:03

Picture a courtroom. It's hot,

2:06

crowded. At the front of the room,

2:08

a square shouldered prosecutor paces

2:11

back and

2:12

forth. In front of the witness stand.

2:14

In between questions, he pauses

2:16

to glare at the woman sitting there. She's

2:19

elegantly dressed, gloves, tailored

2:21

skirt suit, clearly fashionable. She's

2:25

making full eye contact and

2:28

no real smile.

2:29

This is C. Riley Norton, a professor

2:31

of English and gender and sexuality studies

2:34

at the University of Chicago. She

2:36

absolutely has a face

2:38

of steely resolve.

2:41

It's the mid forties, Southern California.

2:43

The woman on the stand is Lucy Hicks

2:45

Anderson, a philanthropist, award

2:48

winning cook, and socialite known

2:50

for throwing the best parties in Ventura

2:52

County. And now, she's

2:55

on trial for lying about

2:57

her gender. The

2:59

prosecutor is trying to prove that she cannot

3:01

be a woman. He asks, do

3:04

you ever wear a wig? Lucy

3:06

says, if I think I'd look better

3:08

with a wig, I do. The court chuckles

3:10

along with Lucy's quip. The prosecutor

3:13

regroups, pauses, looks

3:15

at her marriage certificate and asks another

3:17

question. You are married,

3:19

he says, to a mister Clarence

3:22

Hicks. Was he a man?

3:24

And Lucy replied, well,

3:26

he's supposed to be. And

3:29

just think about the reaction. I

3:32

was kind of quick to see I was

3:33

like, you know, we could see that. We could hear that in a

3:35

sitcom today. Yeah.

3:38

Lucy was potentially facing years

3:40

in prison, but she was a cool customer,

3:43

unflappable. The prosecutor didn't

3:45

let up though, He tried again. This

3:48

time, thinking he had a question that would

3:50

finally fluster

3:51

her. He asked, what part of your body

3:54

do you consider feminine? And

3:57

she for the kind of

3:59

audience of the judge and the jury says,

4:01

you know, for one part, I'd say my chest

4:04

and she reveals her chest

4:06

to the

4:06

courtroom.

4:07

She flashed the courtroom.

4:08

She flashed the courtroom.

4:10

And did she? Yes. Yes. What

4:12

a move?

4:18

She was bold. She was brave.

4:22

She was outspoken. I

4:24

mean, and she knew who she was and

4:26

she was proud of who she was. This

4:28

is Ashley

4:29

Warren, acting head

4:30

of education for the Smithsonian American

4:32

women's history initiative. I think

4:34

that story really shows us

4:37

just how unafraid she

4:39

was. And she was in this situation

4:42

where people were constantly constantly

4:45

trying to put her in a category.

4:48

And she refused to be put in

4:50

that category because she knew who she was and

4:52

she didn't want anyone else

4:53

dictating. Who she was.

4:57

Lucy Hicks Anderson was black and transgender

5:00

living in a time when racial segregation was

5:02

the law of the land. And gender identity

5:04

was often misunderstood, even

5:06

criminalized. But this didn't

5:08

stop Lucy from becoming a successful entrepreneur

5:11

through Prohibition and World War two.

5:14

She owned brothels, speakeasies, and

5:16

played a prominent role in her community. But

5:18

now, she was being prosecuted

5:21

for who she was. So

5:23

this time on door, we bring you the

5:25

story of Lucy Hicks Anderson, a

5:28

black trans woman who refused to

5:30

let others define her. What

5:32

did the jury ultimately decide? And

5:34

what does her court case and the publicity

5:37

around it say about our country's

5:39

long history of misunderstanding gender

5:42

identity. That's coming

5:44

up. After the break.

5:56

Let's get one thing straight. Lucy Alexanderston

5:59

could cook. I was recently asked

6:01

if I had the opportunity to

6:04

eat with anyone in history. Who

6:06

would I sort of invite for a meal?

6:08

And my answer was actually, I

6:11

can't Cook, and I shouldn't be

6:13

cooking for other people. But I

6:15

would love to have been able to

6:17

sit down at Lucy Hicks Anderson's

6:19

house to be able to enjoy sort of

6:21

one of her

6:22

feasts. This is Ashley Corn again.

6:24

She says Lucy probably learned to cook the way

6:26

many women did

6:27

in the late nineteenth century. From her

6:29

parents and grandparents. If she's

6:31

from Kentucky

6:32

and I'm thinking about, like, my aunts

6:34

who are from, the South thinking of, like,

6:37

you know, really wonderful, like, butte

6:40

cakes and German

6:42

chocolate cake and pies.

6:45

But what she was very much

6:48

known for is kind of the

6:50

most light and airy

6:52

soufflees, baked goods.

6:55

Professor Riley Norton says Lucy had the

6:57

awards to back it up, a first place

6:59

trophy in the county fair for her fruitcake,

7:02

and her custard pie, and

7:04

her pumpkin pie. Lucy

7:10

was born in Kentucky in eighteen eighty

7:13

six. She was raised in a small rural

7:15

town in the center of the state called

7:17

Wadi. Sterran says she was assigned

7:19

male at birth, but She

7:22

lives actually in the gender

7:24

that she preferred from her childhood

7:26

on and is recorded

7:28

as saying that her mother was incredibly

7:31

supportive of

7:32

her. When

7:33

Lucy's mother took her for a checkup at age nine,

7:35

the doctor encouraged Lucy to live as

7:37

a woman. Lucy's mother

7:39

said, there's nothing to do. You're

7:41

a girl. And you're not like other little girls.

7:44

She was wearing dresses as

7:47

a young girl in

7:49

Certainly by the time she hits her teenage

7:51

years. We don't know lot about what it was like

7:53

to be transgender at this time because there

7:55

aren't many historical records from a trans

7:58

person's perspective. Some transgender

8:00

figures in history kept their identities so

8:02

hidden that their children didn't

8:04

know that they were trans until after they died.

8:07

But Lucy's story, at the very least,

8:09

gives us a unique window into one

8:11

person's experience. When

8:13

she was fifteen years old, she left Kentucky.

8:16

We don't know why, but Norton has some

8:18

theories.

8:19

What we know about trans

8:21

experiences in all kinds

8:23

of communities, particularly ones,

8:26

in more rural areas

8:28

is that even as there

8:31

are sites of robust

8:33

support there may still seem

8:36

like there's more living to be

8:38

done. Lucy moved all over the

8:40

country. She met her first husband Clarence

8:42

Hicks in New Mexico. When that marriage

8:44

ended in the late nineteen twenties, she moved

8:46

to Sunny Southern California to

8:49

a town in Ventura County called

8:51

Oxnard. This is not Los Angeles.

8:53

think it's very important to recognize that Oxnard,

8:55

California is not Los Angeles.

8:57

It's not San

8:58

Diego. It's not San Francisco. What

9:00

is it? Like. It's just a small town.

9:03

But Oxnard was home to a major sugar

9:05

factory that attracted blue collar workers

9:07

from the surrounding areas in Mexico. When

9:10

Lucy settled there in the nineteen twenties,

9:12

it was prohibition. And she noticed the

9:14

town didn't have many places for workers

9:16

to spend their hard earned money when the whistle

9:18

blew at the end of the day. So Lucy

9:21

seeing an opportunity capitalized.

9:24

She seemed to be pretty successful during

9:27

Prohibition. What was she doing

9:29

during that time? It was

9:31

doing a lot, some of which was

9:33

not legal. Which

9:35

is fine. You know, we have to remember that prohibition

9:38

was a time where a lot of people were doing things that

9:40

were not very legal.

9:44

Lucy ran a speakeasy during prohibition,

9:46

serving plenty of prohibition tea

9:49

as it was known. That means alcohol.

9:51

And eventually, she branched out from speakeasies

9:53

into brothels. By the nineteen

9:55

forties, she owned several businesses

9:57

in Oxnard, each of varying

10:01

legality. She was always keeping

10:04

a balance of of legit

10:06

and illicit

10:08

I love that. Dreams of income.

10:12

Besides the brothels, Lucy ran a catering

10:15

company that was wildly popular

10:17

with the town's well-to-do.

10:19

And so she kind of lived

10:21

in a space between kind

10:23

of wealthy elite circles and spaces

10:26

of illicit

10:29

economies that also kind of created

10:32

mobility and survival. For

10:36

example, when she was arrested one night

10:38

for running her spooky, A prominent

10:40

banker in town rushed to bail her

10:42

out. This wasn't out of some sense of injustice.

10:45

It was because he had a dinner party

10:47

planned and Lucy was booked to cater

10:49

it. You don't want anyone else to do it? He

10:51

wanted Lucy Hicks Anderson to host

10:53

this party because he knew she would do

10:56

a good or great job.

10:58

I think that says a lot about her

11:00

standing. We have to be very aware

11:02

right of the racial dynamics. Of the particular

11:05

time, but it also says a

11:07

lot about the demand for Lucy

11:09

Hicks Anderson as well.

11:11

Lucy parlied her skills as a cook and

11:13

a madam to become a socialite, throwing

11:16

the can't miss parties of the day.

11:18

People are clamoring for her food.

11:20

They're clamoring to be a part of these

11:23

parties. I mean, she must have really killed

11:25

it. I mean, she really must be must have been

11:27

throwing like the parties of

11:30

the

11:30

year. And she must have really

11:32

understood hospitality. I

11:36

like to try to imagine Lucy hosting these

11:38

parties. In magazine articles, she's

11:41

described as a thin six foot tall

11:43

woman with Kentucky accent who often

11:45

wore lavish dresses and donned

11:47

other enviable

11:49

garments. A Time Magazine

11:51

article described her fashion as She

11:54

wore bright. Low cut silk

11:56

dresses from which her slat like collarbones

11:58

protruded, and she affected picture

12:01

hats and high heeled shoes. Her

12:03

wigs were her pride. She had

12:05

a long, black wavy one,

12:07

a short, straight bobbed one,

12:10

and for special occasions, a shoulder

12:12

length job in red.

12:18

Lucy made herself an indispensable member

12:20

of the community. Hosting charity events

12:22

and political fundraisers for the town's movers

12:24

and

12:24

shakers. She gave money to the church,

12:27

the Red Cross, and even the boy

12:29

scouts of America telling them

12:31

just don't ask where the money came from

12:34

until she uses her home as

12:37

sort of this access point or this

12:39

really important space to

12:42

use her talents to either raise money

12:44

or to bring different groups of people together

12:46

and understanding that bringing these different

12:48

groups of people together

12:50

She's the center of all of that. Ashley

12:53

says this is a big deal. Remember, this

12:55

was a time when your gender defined what roles

12:57

you could perform in

12:58

society. Women were usually

13:00

relegated to taking care of the home, baking,

13:03

cleaning, raising kids. And

13:05

so there's this idea of, oh, you're

13:07

just a homemaker. Right? You

13:09

don't have any agency, you don't have any power.

13:13

But actually history has shown

13:15

that women who take on these

13:17

roles actually understand the dynamics

13:19

of community building but also political

13:22

power.

13:23

Despite being a black woman in segregated

13:25

white community, Lucy moved freely

13:27

through every social circle in town.

13:29

She had friends in high places. Everyone in the

13:31

community knew her. Her life was exciting,

13:34

lucrative, and soon to

13:36

be full of love.

13:38

When World War two broke out, Lucy held

13:40

parties for soldiers preparing to be sent off

13:42

to war. These military men

13:44

were also some of the best customers at her

13:46

brothels. This is also when

13:48

Lucy met her second husband. A soldier

13:51

named Reuben Anderson. They were

13:53

married in the fall of nineteen forty four,

13:55

but not long after, Lucy's

13:57

luck changed. A

14:02

group of sailors visited one of Lucy's

14:04

brothels. Following the visit,

14:06

one of them complained to a local sheriff that

14:08

he had, quote, been diseased after

14:11

visiting one of Lucy's accommodating

14:13

wenches.

14:14

Which led to the involuntary

14:18

testing of every person associated

14:20

with those brothels.

14:22

The police chief made all of Lucy's brothel

14:24

employees get a medical exam to prevent

14:26

further spread of the

14:27

disease. That included Lucy

14:30

even though she was the owner. At

14:32

the moment of the testing, There

14:35

is the and I'm putting in

14:37

big scare

14:38

quotes, the gender reveal moment. A

14:41

white doctor conducted Lucy's exam.

14:43

And said that she was lying about her gender,

14:46

that she was not a woman. Some

14:48

historians have claimed racism played a role

14:50

here, The white doctor in Ventura

14:52

County may have seen Lucy as a successful

14:54

black woman, fearless, openly

14:57

defying racial and class boundaries. This

15:00

is all speculation as to the motivation

15:02

for what happened next. But the doctor

15:04

reported Lucy and Ventura County

15:06

officials brought charges against her.

15:09

There are perjury charges based on

15:11

her signing her marriage certificate. So

15:14

this is what brings her into

15:16

court in Ventura County.

15:18

So essentially, they say

15:20

that by signing her marriage

15:22

certificate, which stated that

15:24

she was a

15:25

woman, she had committed perjury. Correct.

15:31

Lucy got arrested and

15:33

we'll have more on that after the

15:35

break.

15:45

All the town was a buzz when the police arrested

15:47

Lucy Hicks Anderson. News papers and

15:49

magazines around the country also picked up

15:52

on her case. Reporting on Lucy's story

15:54

as though she were a punchline, writing

15:56

pejorative headlines like the

15:58

madam who was a man and calling

16:00

her a female impersonator.

16:02

Before Lucy stood trial, she was

16:04

put through a series of medical examinations.

16:08

One of the the things that actually It's

16:10

still hard to wrap my mind around about

16:13

her court proceedings is that they actually

16:15

brought five doctors to testify

16:19

to her legal gender to the

16:22

gender that she was assigned at birth. Five?

16:25

Five to testify. Yeah.

16:28

That seems excessive.

16:30

Absolutely, it is. You

16:33

know, it's a way. Right? Like, I'm like, oh,

16:36

you

16:36

know, this is this is you protesting too.

16:38

Much kind of situation

16:39

-- Yeah. -- really -- Yeah. -- doesn't seem

16:41

as if you need five separate medical experts

16:44

to testify to say

16:46

that Lucy Hicks Anderson was

16:50

male according to medical

16:53

and legal definition. Sporting

16:55

says at this time, the medical establishment

16:58

and the government define gender by physical

17:00

characteristics. Things you can

17:02

see. To put it bluntly, Things

17:04

like breasts, vulva, or penis.

17:07

Many people still mistakenly believe this

17:09

today, and some legislators are working

17:11

to return this to the legal definition

17:13

of gender. But just to be completely

17:15

clear, gender is a social

17:17

construct, not necessarily related

17:20

to physical body

17:21

parts, This is the definition by the

17:23

American psychological association. Gender

17:26

is a person's deeply felt, inherent sense

17:28

of being a boy, a man, or male.

17:30

A girl, a woman, or female, or an

17:32

alternative gender, which may or may not

17:34

correspond to a person's sex assigned to

17:36

birth. The point is there are people who still

17:39

struggle to understand gender today. And

17:41

Lucy was on trial seventy five years

17:43

ago, when legally speaking,

17:46

gender was inextricably linked

17:48

with sex. To

17:50

counter this sort of thinking, Lucy's

17:52

defense attorneys came up with a hidden

17:54

organ's defense. They argued that

17:57

Lucy felt so strongly she was a woman,

17:59

that she must have hidden female

18:01

organs inside of her. Lucy

18:03

even offered to donate her body to science

18:06

after her death to allow scientists to

18:08

search for these hidden organs.

18:10

I think a lot about that defense as

18:13

a way of critiquing

18:16

the idea that gender

18:19

is discernible by sight News

18:21

reports throughout the trial also conflated

18:23

gender with what was discernible by

18:26

sight, as Norton says. They referred

18:28

to Lucy by using masculine pronouns, portraying

18:31

her as a man dressed up as a woman,

18:33

not a transgender woman. Lucy

18:35

weathered the media storm with steely resolve,

18:38

In one paper, she's quoted saying, I

18:40

defy any doctor in the world

18:43

to prove that I am not a woman. I

18:45

have lived, dressed, acted

18:47

just as I am, a woman, and

18:49

I'm going to die a woman. Lucy's

18:54

lawyers argued that she had hidden organs. The

18:57

prosecution argued that because of her physical

18:59

characteristics, she could not be a woman.

19:01

And when both sides rested their cases,

19:04

the people in Ventura County thought Lucy

19:06

could win. She was well connected

19:08

to politicians and beloved by the community.

19:11

People are like, well, we she's indispensable. Like,

19:13

she this this can't get she can't

19:16

get caught up in

19:16

this. But the jury thought otherwise,

19:19

On December third, nineteen forty five,

19:22

they returned a verdict of

19:23

guilty, which was reported throughout

19:25

the nation. Her sentence, a

19:28

small fine in ten years probation. There's

19:31

a kind of sense at the end of the

19:33

Ventura County. Proceedings

19:35

that, you

19:36

know, perhaps Lucy X

19:37

Anderson would just continue on.

19:42

But Lucy's legal troubles went from bad

19:45

to worse. Remember her husband,

19:47

sergeant Ruben Anderson, he was

19:49

in the military, and she was receiving

19:51

fifty dollars a month for being the wife of

19:53

a service member. So when the army

19:55

found out Lucy was a trans woman, they

19:58

were like, no way.

20:00

Both Lucy Hicks Anderson and

20:03

sergeant Ruben Anderson were

20:05

brought up on charges. Reuben

20:07

Anderson was facing a maximum of ten

20:09

years in a federal prison and a

20:11

top fine of ten thousand because

20:15

he had the government send his

20:17

wife nine hundred and fifty dollars

20:19

in a lot at checks.

20:21

Lucy's gender was back on trial.

20:24

This time in federal court facing

20:26

felony charges, The US

20:28

army argued that she was not legally married

20:30

to her husband since same sex marriage

20:33

was illegal. And the US government

20:35

didn't recognize that Lucy being a trans

20:37

woman was a

20:38

woman. According to the military,

20:41

she was not eligible for any

20:43

benefits as a military spouse.

20:45

This time in court, Lucy stayed quiet.

20:48

She didn't say a single word, not

20:50

the whole time. It was an act

20:52

of defiance. That image of her

20:54

remaining silent in the courtroom, it's

20:56

like refusing

20:58

to deny herself.

20:59

Exactly. Precisely. To

21:02

refuse to corroborate that story. Right?

21:04

The only words Lucy said were her plea,

21:07

no contest. The court invalidated

21:09

their marriage. And Reuben was sentenced to

21:11

eighteen months in prison. Lucy was

21:13

sentenced to a year in prison at a federal

21:15

medical center in Missouri. She

21:18

was banned from Oxnard and told

21:20

she could no longer dress in women's clothing.

21:23

Do we know if she listened? No. She

21:25

didn't. And

21:27

and often and often people were told

21:29

to no longer carry

21:32

forward the quote unquote masquerade and

21:34

in all of the instances of figures

21:37

that I'm writing about that, you know, like,

21:39

no one he did that. That

21:41

wasn't impossibility. Yeah.

21:44

Yeah.

21:49

When Lucy got out of jail in nineteen forty

21:51

six, she put her dress back on

21:53

and her wig, depending on the

21:55

outfit, and got right back to living

21:57

her life. The thing about Lucy

21:59

is that Lucy went right back to being

22:02

Lucy afterwards. And I think that to me

22:04

is a takeaway that even

22:06

going through all of that, you know,

22:08

dramatic and and

22:10

I would actually classified as like violent

22:13

scrutiny. She was like, I'm

22:15

gonna keep doing me. Like, you

22:17

can't tell me who I am.

22:21

Banned from Oxnard, Lucy moved to

22:23

Los Angeles without Reuben. And there's

22:25

not much more information about the rest of her

22:27

life. Except that she died in

22:29

nineteen fifty four. Ashley

22:32

says that's both disappointing and

22:34

comforting because we don't know how

22:36

Lucy's story ends. But we know she

22:38

didn't end up back in court. Unfortunately,

22:41

criminal records are the only way we know

22:43

about many trans pioneers like Lucy X

22:45

Anderson, Mary Jones, Joseph

22:48

Lobdell, Francis Thompson, the

22:50

list goes

22:51

on. I mean, that's something that's pretty bittersweet

22:53

because On the one hand, there is

22:55

documentation. We do have documentation available.

22:58

But on the other hand, the documentation is related

23:00

to something that is incredibly painful in these

23:02

people's histories, which is the

23:05

law being used to regulate people's

23:07

bodies and identities. The law

23:09

being used to invalidate people's

23:11

identities. And just

23:14

their right to live their lives freely.

23:20

Trans people have always been here. Even

23:22

if our histories have failed to record their stories,

23:25

or purposely erased them. And

23:27

that's why Ashley Korn is tracking down stories

23:30

like Lucy's. Because not lot is

23:32

known about LGBTQ plus people

23:34

in American history prior to the nineteen

23:36

sixties. And the soon to be built

23:38

Smithsonian American women's history

23:40

museum will include stories about

23:42

these historical figures. Traditionally,

23:45

particularly when thinking about women's history. While

23:48

there are tons of information

23:51

about being American

23:53

subjects, there's not a lot

23:55

of material on trans

23:57

or transgendered people. And so really

23:59

wanted to make sure that even if we didn't have an object,

24:02

of this person in the collection that I wanted

24:04

to create something that I could share

24:06

with the public.

24:09

Professor Norton says Lucy's story

24:11

is just as relevant today as it was

24:14

seventy five years

24:14

ago. The law is still being

24:16

used to regulate gender identity. We

24:19

tend to see our times as unique, but

24:22

they're not. I think Lucy

24:25

Alexanderson as a black transpioneer is

24:29

remembered as a

24:31

four mother, as an ancestor, as

24:34

a possibility model, you

24:37

know, Lucy Anderson's story

24:40

really resonates today.

24:43

And the thing about Lucy x Anderson's story too

24:45

is that not only was she visible, but

24:47

she wasn't hiding. She was

24:49

trying to be a valuable member of her community.

24:52

She wanted to be the center of

24:54

her community. And think that that's something

24:56

that's really for lack of better

24:58

term dope about her. Is

25:01

that, like, she was just like, I don't care.

25:03

Like, I'm gonna be me, and I'm gonna be the coolest

25:06

woman ever. And I think given

25:08

what we what we know about the

25:10

history of black trend gender people in

25:12

this country. There's something that's so

25:14

refreshing to know

25:17

about the fact that somewhere in

25:19

California. In the nineteen

25:21

forties, Verus' black

25:24

woman cooking probably the best pie

25:26

eyes her community has ever seen and

25:28

just living her truth.

25:45

You've been listening to Sidedoor, a podcast

25:47

from the Smithsonian with support from PRX.

25:51

You can find a link to Riley Norton's book,

25:53

Black on both sides, a racial history

25:56

of trans identity in our newsletter.

25:58

We'll also share pictures of Lucy Hicks Anderson.

26:01

You can subscribe at s I dot

26:03

eduside door.

26:06

For more stories of important women in history,

26:08

be sure to look into the Smithsonian American

26:10

women's history initiative. To

26:12

learn more, go to women's history dot

26:14

s I dot edu or

26:17

join the conversation using hashtag

26:19

because of her story on social media.

26:22

And remember, you can find us on social

26:24

media at Sidedoor pod on Twitter

26:27

and Instagram, or you can email

26:29

us directly at side door dot

26:32

EDU. We'd love to hear from

26:34

you. For help with this episode,

26:36

we want to thank Sea Riley Norton, Ashley

26:39

Corinne, and the Association of LGBTQ

26:41

journalists. Our podcast

26:44

team is James Morrison, Natalie

26:46

Boyd, Anne Cannon, Kaitlyn

26:48

Shaffer, Tammy O'Neil, Jess

26:50

Bottig, Lara Koch, and Sharon

26:52

Bryant. Additional editing

26:54

by Sydney Bauer and Sarah Cohen. Fact

26:57

checking by Adam Bisnow. Episode

26:59

artwork is by Dave Leonard. Extra

27:01

support comes from Jason and GeniVeed at

27:03

PRX. Our show is mixed by

27:06

Tarek Fouda. Our theme song and

27:08

episode music are by Breakmaster Cylinder.

27:11

If you wanna sponsor our show, please email

27:13

sponsorship at PRX dot org.

27:16

I'm your host, Lizzie Peabody. Thanks

27:18

for listening.

27:30

This woman was featured

27:32

in time magazine in

27:38

the nineteen forties, but it's called

27:40

California sin and

27:42

souffle, which I think

27:44

is just a really great name.

27:47

For, like, a biopic. Like, if there's

27:49

ever a biopic of Lucy Hicks Anderson, I

27:51

think sin and souffle is, like,

27:54

top three titles

27:56

for her biopic. Sydney

27:58

souffle. I like it.