0:00

Welcome to Noble Blood, a production

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of I Heart Radio and grim and Mild

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from Aaron Manky. Listener discretion

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advised. Hi,

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thank you so much for listening to Noble Blood.

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If you want to support the show, we have a Patreon

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intermittently uploaded bonus episodes

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But anyway, there's also merch if you're

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a fan of the show at d f tb a dot

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com. But as always, the best support

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for the show is just listening, and I'm

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so grateful, Thank you so much. The

0:52

summer of thirty had

0:54

been a mild one in Brittany,

0:56

which is located in the northwest

0:58

of France near the Atlantic Ocean, and

1:01

summers there were typically warm with heavy

1:03

rain. Back in the fourteenth

1:05

century, Brittany was an independent

1:08

feudal state and its capital

1:10

not sat three hundred or so miles

1:13

southwest of Paris. It served

1:15

as a natural crossroads between the

1:17

rest of Brittany and the separate

1:20

kingdom of France. In early

1:22

August thirty three,

1:24

a woman named Jean de Clissa and her two

1:26

sons, seven year old Olivier fifth

1:29

and five year old Guillaume, arrived

1:31

at the main gates of Nantes. If

1:34

you were imagining the scene, the three

1:36

of them would have stopped there for a moment

1:39

there at the stone archoy to the city,

1:41

and gazed up to see a horrific

1:44

sight the rotting decapitated

1:47

head of Jean's husband, the

1:49

boy's father. His head

1:52

was impaled on a pike and gently

1:54

swaying in the salt breeze. And

1:57

because Olivier the Fourth's head

1:59

had travel old there to not from Paris,

2:01

three d miles away, the head

2:04

would have been swollen, rotting

2:06

foul. Olivier the Fourth's

2:09

body remained behind in Paris

2:11

in a gibbet or barred cage,

2:13

but his head was here in

2:15

Brittany to send a message.

2:18

Days earlier, on August second,

2:21

forty three, Olivier the Fourth

2:23

had been tried and found guilty

2:26

on several counts of treason. He

2:29

was executed at Leal by

2:31

the King of France. Despite

2:33

Olivier the Fourth's rank, King

2:36

Philip the sixth of France, had humiliated

2:38

him in death in an attempt to dissuade

2:41

other would be traders in his midst.

2:44

But the king's actions were shocking

2:46

and unconventional to both Breton

2:49

and French nobility. After

2:51

all, Olivia the fourth Decklessan had

2:53

been a wealthy Breton lord, and night

2:56

after death his body had been displayed

2:58

in a public manner only reserved

3:00

for low class criminals. Olivier

3:03

the Fourth's trial was also alarming,

3:06

even suspicious. He was

3:09

accused of treason, but any

3:11

evidence of his guilt was not publicly

3:14

demonstrated. Allegedly

3:16

it had been privately confessed,

3:18

but no one had seen any evidence of

3:20

that. Jean and her two

3:23

sons had traveled some twenty miles

3:25

from their castle, the Chateau de Clissan,

3:27

to see Olivier the Fourth's head. Why

3:31

Jean brought two of her children from the

3:33

confines of the castle to see the

3:35

rotting head of their father is unclear.

3:38

Perhaps to see his face, however

3:41

foul one last time, or

3:44

perhaps knowing Jean's

3:46

character and what she would do next,

3:49

It was to instill a need

3:51

for revenge. Do not forget

3:54

this, her actions might have said, do

3:57

not forgive this. When

4:00

Jean and her two sons left the countryside

4:02

that day, Jean cut ties with

4:05

proper noble society.

4:07

With the Loire River flowing just beyond,

4:10

and the head of her husband of thirteen

4:12

years swaying in tandem with

4:14

the breeze, Jean swore bloody

4:17

revenge on the King of France,

4:20

and she kept her promise.

4:23

I'm Danis Schwartz, and this

4:25

is noble blood. Jean

4:33

de Clisson was born in thirteen

4:36

hundred into an aristocratic family.

4:38

Her parents were among the most powerful

4:41

nobles in Brittany. Their lands

4:43

were extensive, stretching all across

4:45

southern Brittany to the Atlantic Ocean.

4:48

Her family virtually controlled access

4:50

to the sea, and they had ruled the area for

4:52

hundreds of years. We

4:55

know very little about Jean's early

4:57

life. Most likely she enjoyed

4:59

a relatively bucolic aristocratic

5:02

childhood at the castle fortress

5:04

on the western coast of France that she would

5:06

eventually inherit. But however

5:09

adelic it might have been, her childhood

5:11

did not last long. In

5:14

thirteen twelve, when Jean was twelve

5:16

years old, she was married off to a

5:18

Breton nobleman, Jeoffrey de chateaubriand

5:21

the eighth, the nineteen year old heir

5:23

to one of the key estates in Brittany.

5:26

When Jean was fourteen and again

5:28

at sixteen, she gave birth to

5:30

two surviving children, a

5:32

son, Geoffrey and a daughter, Louise.

5:35

After over a decade of marriage,

5:38

her first husband died in thirteen twenty

5:40

six, leaving Jean a twenty

5:42

six year old widow. A

5:45

woman of high birth and wealth, Jean

5:47

was also a noted beauty. Historian

5:50

Richard Bentley called her quote one

5:52

of the most beautiful women of her day,

5:54

and she had reddish brown hair and fair

5:57

skin, which was a symbol of status

5:59

at the time. Still, unmarried

6:01

women in the fourteenth century, even

6:04

women of noble standing, had close

6:06

to no power, and to insure

6:08

the safety and well being of herself

6:10

and her children, Jean needed

6:12

to remarry. Two

6:15

years later, in thirteen twenty eight,

6:17

Jean married the son of the Duke

6:19

of Brittany, Guy of Penthief,

6:22

which should have been a coup. However,

6:25

factions of Guy's family opposed

6:27

the union. On February

6:29

tenth, thirteen thirty, within

6:31

two years of the relationship, the

6:34

marriage was scandalously annulled

6:36

by Pope John the twenty second, allegedly

6:39

because the marriage was never consummated, but

6:42

it's difficult to know the truth of that. Jean

6:45

was remarried once more, this time

6:47

to Olivier the Fourth de Clessent, a wealthy

6:49

Breton nobleman, lord and knight.

6:52

Olivier the fourth was a widower

6:54

as well, and it seems like he was almost

6:56

exactly the same age as Jean. Upon

6:59

their marria rich the pair became one

7:01

of the wealthiest and most influential

7:04

couples in Brittany, with control of

7:06

a number of estates and vast

7:08

properties. Jean and Olivier

7:11

the Fourth were married for thirteen

7:13

years and had five children. Their

7:15

eldest child, Isabella, was born in

7:17

thirteen thirty one, and then came

7:19

Maurice, Olivier the five, Guillaume,

7:22

and little baby Jean born thirteen

7:25

forty. By the time Jean was thirty

7:27

years old, she was the mother to seven

7:30

children. Now

7:32

for a little bit of geographical context,

7:35

Brittany was at the time an independent

7:37

medieval feudal state located in

7:39

the western tip of modern France,

7:42

south of England. Parts of Brittany

7:44

and some nobles at the time were loyal

7:47

to the English, while other parts

7:49

and other people were loyal to the French.

7:51

But the majority of Breton's considered themselves

7:54

first and foremost Bretons

7:56

loyal to the Duke of Brittany over

7:58

the kings of England or France. But

8:01

outside of Brittany, tensions

8:04

between England and France continued

8:06

to brew, which finally set

8:08

the stage for an all out war. Was

8:10

a succession crisis. Charles

8:13

the Fourth of France died childless in

8:15

thirteen twenty eight, and his closest

8:17

heir was his nephew, the English king

8:20

Edward the third. His claim to the

8:22

throne was his mother, Isabella of France.

8:25

Yet the French nobility at the time rejected

8:28

Edward the Third's claim in favor

8:30

of a native French ruler. One

8:32

of the longest and bloodiest conflicts

8:35

of the Middle Ages, this brutal,

8:37

epic turning struggle became

8:39

known as the Hundred Years of War.

8:42

To complicate matters, in thirteen

8:44

forty one, the Duke of Brittany also

8:47

died without an air. Both the French

8:50

and English claimed his lands

8:52

in northwestern France. The War

8:54

of Breton succession officially became

8:56

a proxy conflict of the Hundred

8:58

Years War. Jehan's husband,

9:01

Olivier the Fourth, was a descendant

9:03

of English knights who were awarded estates

9:05

in Brittany to preserve the claim of

9:07

the English crown on the province by

9:10

the thirteen forties. Olivier the

9:12

Fourth was a loyal vassal of

9:14

the King of France, King Philip the Fourth.

9:17

That was at least in part a pragmatic

9:19

decision. In addition to their

9:21

Breton lands, the de Clissons possessed

9:24

extensive lands in the Kingdom of France.

9:26

If they sided with the English in the Breton

9:28

succession, it would immediately

9:31

lead to the seizure of their estates outside

9:33

of Brittany. So, despite

9:35

ancestral ties to England, Olivier

9:38

the Fourth loyally joined the French

9:40

in thirteen forty two to defend

9:42

Brittany from the English and to back

9:45

the French claimant to the Breton throne.

9:47

Charles du Blois. Olivier

9:49

the Fourth and a man named Hervey the seventh

9:51

a Lyon, were acting as military

9:54

commanders in defense of the French city

9:56

of Vant until the city fell to English

9:58

control in November of thirteen

10:00

forty two. The two commanders

10:03

were captured. Two months went

10:05

by until on January nine,

10:08

thirteen forty three, a new peace

10:10

treaty between the English and the French was

10:12

mediated by Pope Clement the sixth,

10:15

King Edward of England and King Philippa

10:18

France agreed to the truth. But

10:20

while Hervey the seventh day Leon remained

10:23

in English custody, Olivier

10:25

the fourth was released in exchange

10:27

for an English prisoner and payment,

10:30

but the ransom for Olivier the fourth

10:33

was surprisingly low. Suspiciously,

10:36

according to Charles de Blois, who was

10:39

by then established as the Duke of Brittany,

10:42

he became convinced that Olivier

10:44

the fourth was a trader and had defected

10:47

to the English. Exactly

10:49

why he believed this is unclear.

10:52

Some versions of the story say that Olivier

10:54

the Fourth actually did switch sides, although

10:57

those accounts are much rarer. In

11:00

the summer of thirteen forty three, Olivier

11:02

the fourth was invited to attend a tournament

11:05

in the Kingdom of France in celebration

11:07

of the truce. However, when

11:09

he arrived, he was immediately

11:12

arrested and taken to Paris,

11:14

where he was tried. Before fifteen

11:16

noble peers, including his accuser

11:19

Charles du Bois, and the King himself.

11:22

After her husband's arrest, they said, Jean

11:24

bribed a royal sergeant to try

11:26

to get Olivier released. Her plan

11:28

failed, and the sergeant was arrested. Olivier

11:31

the Fourth's trial on August second,

11:34

thirty three was a quick

11:36

matter with a foregone conclusion. It

11:39

was followed immediately by

11:41

his beheading. Here's

11:43

the part in the story where we get to Jean and

11:46

her kids taking that family trip

11:48

to the gates of Nantes to see their father's

11:50

decapitated head. After

11:52

that, Jean was summoned to Paris to

11:54

face trial for her attempted bribery

11:57

of the king's sergeant, but

11:59

she never went. Rather than

12:01

report to Paris to face continued

12:03

punishment for her husband's trumped up

12:06

charges, Jehan sold jewelry,

12:08

furniture, and, according

12:10

to some accounts, even her body to raise

12:13

money for a small army.

12:15

Jean and her troops traveled throughout

12:17

Brittany, rallying unhappy

12:19

wealthy nobles supporters of

12:22

her husband. The couple had had

12:24

plenty of powerful friends and

12:26

the friends and families of other executed

12:28

nobles or nobles who had been mistreated

12:30

by the French king. Jean

12:33

rallied her troops with the common goal

12:35

of ridding Brittany of the French King.

12:38

Philip the fourth declared Jean

12:40

de Cleissent a trader and confiscated

12:43

her lands. They had said the same

12:45

thing about her husband. The forty

12:47

three year old widow was going to show

12:49

the French the meaning of the word

12:51

trader and let fall carnage.

12:57

The Chateau de Toufu sat about

12:59

twin dekilometers southeast of

13:01

Nantes, and it was under the command of a man

13:04

named Galois de Laharius,

13:06

an officer loyal to Charles de Bois.

13:09

In one episode of the tale, Jean

13:11

was invited to the castle. Galois

13:14

had not yet heard the news of Olivier

13:16

the Fourth's trial and execution, and

13:18

so he was just inviting a

13:21

noble woman to enjoy his hospitality.

13:23

In another version of the story, Jean

13:26

arrived seemingly in need, with

13:28

tears streaming down her cheeks. None

13:30

the wiser Galwah welcomed John inn

13:33

and why not. The very garrison

13:35

he had commanded had once been a former

13:37

post under the control of her now

13:40

decapitated husband. As

13:42

soon as the main gate was opened, Jean

13:44

and her four hundred or so men launched

13:47

their guerrilla insurgency,

13:50

storming the castle. Her forces

13:52

massacred almost the entire

13:55

garrison. Jean engaged in the

13:57

slaughter right alongside her soldiers.

14:00

As French historian Maurice Julesabelle

14:02

Lefranc described quote, the

14:04

blood of all the other keepers

14:06

or inhabitants of the castle was mercilessly

14:09

shed, like a first exputory

14:11

sacrifice offered in memory

14:14

of Olivier de Clisson. As

14:16

you can imagine, the story of

14:18

the vengeful widow has veered

14:21

into the apocryphal over the centuries.

14:24

A version of the story mentioned

14:26

that gal Woas was the only one to escape

14:28

Gendrath, and thus inadvertently

14:31

established what would become her future

14:33

modus operandi. A single

14:35

person would be left alive after a

14:37

raid to tell the King of France of

14:39

the carnage. By the time Charles

14:42

de Brans and his army arrived at the castle,

14:44

Jean's forces, along with everything

14:47

of value within the fortress, had

14:49

disappeared. Pulling

14:51

together the rest of her money and whatever

14:54

they had plundered, Jean sailed

14:56

to England with two of her sons, Olivier,

14:59

the fifth and Um in order to

15:01

assemble a small fleet of three

15:03

massive warships. Where

15:06

her other children were during this time

15:08

is unknown. John's priorities

15:11

had shifted away from the domestic.

15:13

She had sworn revenge on the

15:15

French king, and so to

15:18

the sea she went. She christened

15:20

her fleet fittingly enough, my

15:22

Revenge. She hired the best

15:25

captains and crews, a mix of

15:27

Breton's English and rogue French,

15:30

and she armed them well. Jean

15:32

personally commanded the Black Fleet,

15:35

beginning her career as a pirate, taking

15:37

refuge in the fog enshrouded

15:40

coves and inlets of the Brittany coast,

15:42

raiding coastal villages along Normandy,

15:45

and plundering French supply ships

15:47

and vessels. Despite

15:53

her pattern of leaving at least one

15:55

personal live to report her vengeance

15:57

to the king, there are not many

16:00

reviving accounts of Jean's exploits.

16:02

However, according to legend, the

16:05

survivors of her massacres always

16:07

told a similar story.

16:10

The stories begin with these pitiful

16:12

two or three survivors, their

16:14

close smelling of the briny sea

16:16

air, and covered in blood. They'd

16:19

have already been stripped of their weapons,

16:21

armor, and French insignia,

16:24

and they'd be bleeding from cuts and

16:26

heavily bruised altogether, just

16:28

shaken from the massacre they had witnessed

16:31

and had at random

16:33

survived. To whoever

16:35

would listen, these desperate souls

16:37

would recount how three black

16:40

ships on the horizon had appeared

16:42

in the fog. Three massive

16:45

haunting warships with

16:47

pitch black wood crimson

16:49

sails read as blood, propelled

16:52

the ships through the water. The

16:55

friendships, being overtaken, would

16:57

try to defend themselves. They

16:59

had launched fire, arrows, fault with

17:01

swords, spears, axes, but

17:04

inevitably they would be overrun in

17:06

minutes, the invading forces

17:08

proving too ferocious. Striding

17:12

along the conquered deck wielding

17:15

a well worn axe behind her,

17:18

the captain, a woman, would

17:20

appear and she would quickly survey

17:22

her captives. As the

17:25

stories go, she would point,

17:27

seemingly at random to two or

17:29

three men, the sole survivors.

17:32

She would need to leave two or three enough

17:35

to sail back to French soil to

17:37

spread her tale of terror. On

17:40

her signal, her men would massacre

17:42

the remaining crew. She herself

17:45

would raise her axe and behead

17:47

every person of nobility

17:49

aboard the vessel. Remember,

17:52

beheading a man was something that even

17:54

strong professional executioners

17:57

had trouble doing in a single stroke, and

18:00

so we can imagine that Jean's victims

18:02

most likely endured several hacks

18:05

before their heads were dislodged from their

18:07

bodies. The French historian

18:09

Lefranc claims that she quote

18:12

mercilessly put to death all the

18:14

French who fell into her hands, despite

18:17

the money that she could have made ransoming

18:19

nobles, Jean de Clisson severed

18:22

the heads of any and all French

18:24

nobility. She saw a fitting

18:26

revenge for her husband's demise. She

18:29

would then toss their lifeless bodies

18:31

overboard. From there, Genred

18:34

had below deck to plunder for valuables.

18:37

Before leaving the conquered ship, she

18:39

would look the two to three survivors

18:41

in the eyes with cold, hateful

18:43

stairs. You've been left alive,

18:46

she'd say, to tell your king

18:48

that the Lioness of Brittany

18:50

claimed another of his ships. And

18:53

thus the legend of the Lioness

18:56

was born. Among the common Breton

18:58

people and the English allies of Brittany,

19:01

Jean's popularity grew. I

19:04

do think it is important to remember

19:07

that you should probably take the sheer drama

19:09

of her story with a grain of sea

19:11

salt. Remember this is

19:14

kind of exactly the sort of propaganda

19:16

story that would get exaggerated on

19:18

both sides. Both her enemies

19:20

and supporters would want to play up

19:22

how brutal she was, her enemies

19:25

to paint her as barbaric, and

19:27

her allies to make her seem scarier

19:29

for future opponents. But

19:31

even if the details have probably

19:34

been distorted over the centuries,

19:37

the spine of the story is true. After

19:39

the death of her husband, Jean had

19:42

hatred in her heart for the French king

19:44

and in turn hatred for any noble

19:47

loyal to the king. And in

19:49

the waters between France and England,

19:52

Jean de Clisson, a noble woman born

19:54

in Brittany, avenged the death

19:57

of her husband one bloody

19:59

French mass her at a time. Two

20:03

years into her pirate ng in, the

20:06

French finally managed to engage

20:08

her fleet and sink her flagship.

20:11

Jean and her two sons, Olivier the fifth

20:13

and Guillaume, escaped the assault

20:15

by rowboat, adrift on

20:17

the violent waves for five or

20:19

six days without food or water. Young

20:22

Guillaume died of exposure. Jean

20:25

and Olivier the Fifth were ultimately rescued

20:27

by allies, and years later

20:30

young Olivier would grow up into a

20:32

soldier so brutal he would be nicknamed

20:35

the Butcher. But this is

20:37

a story about his mother arriving

20:39

in England. It seems that from this point

20:42

the noblewoman turned bloody pirate

20:44

transitioned into privateering,

20:46

which meant that she would be acting as a pirate,

20:49

but legally on behalf of a

20:51

nation, in this case England,

20:53

who was eager to have as many vessels

20:56

as possible joining with them in the fight

20:58

against the French and the Hundred Years War.

21:01

King Edward the third of England granted

21:03

John land in the areas of Brittany

21:06

that the English controlled, along with titles,

21:08

and he supplied her with money and ships

21:11

as a thank you for clearing the English

21:13

channel of the French. In turn,

21:15

Jean ferried supplies and men from

21:18

England to France in support of the

21:20

English, and of course, all

21:22

the while she continued her carnage.

21:25

Jean continued for the next several

21:27

years plundering and massacring

21:29

all ships owned by or allied

21:31

with the French Crown. And

21:34

even when King Philip the six of France,

21:36

her bitter enemy, died in thirteen

21:38

fifty, Jean continued privateering

21:41

for the English for an additional six

21:43

years. Jean's

21:46

pirate slash privateer career

21:48

lasted for thirteen blood

21:51

soaked years, and there's

21:53

a coincidence there that seems too

21:55

fitting to dismiss, whether

21:57

she did it purposefully or not. Jean

22:00

massacred the French by sea for

22:02

one year for every year she had

22:04

been married to her beloved husband.

22:14

In thirteen fifty six, Jean, then

22:16

fifty six years old, took refuge

22:18

in England and married Sir Walter

22:20

Bentley, a lieutenant to King Edward

22:23

the Third. Like Jean, Bentley had

22:25

served valiantly on the side of the English

22:27

during the Hundred Years War. The two

22:29

retired at the castle of Hennebont, a port

22:32

town on the Brittany coast, which was

22:34

at the time controlled by the English,

22:36

and they remained there for the rest of Jean's

22:38

life. Jean passed away

22:41

in thirteen fifty nine, fifty

22:43

nine years old. The cause

22:45

of her death isn't known specifically,

22:47

and so it's most likely disease

22:49

or natural causes. The

22:52

story of Jean de Clisson, noble woman

22:54

turned pirate, is I admit,

22:57

almost unbelievable, and

22:59

it has been argued frequently that

23:01

such a figure couldn't possibly have

23:03

existed, and yet there

23:06

are several historical sources

23:08

which confirm her existence, like

23:10

a French court document from thirteen

23:12

forty three confirming the confiscation

23:15

of Jehan's lands due to her being labeled

23:17

as a traitor to France, and there's

23:19

an English document that same year

23:22

indicating that she earned money from said

23:24

land under the English crown. Likewise,

23:26

there's an English document from thirteen forty

23:29

seven listing her as an English ally.

23:31

Other documents confirm her marriage

23:34

to Bentley as well, despite

23:36

the relative dearth of other primary

23:38

sources. After all, the sea doesn't

23:41

lend itself to preserved paper

23:43

artifacts or diaries, and legal

23:45

piracy was not an occupation in

23:47

which people were fastidious about record

23:49

keeping. Jean de Clissan and the

23:52

legend of the Lioness of Brittany

23:54

lives on in French folklore. Once

23:57

again, I want to flag, especially with

23:59

this sort of store, it's challenging

24:01

to tease out what exactly was true

24:03

and what was legend. But we

24:05

know that Jean de Cleisson was a real

24:08

person, while the truth

24:10

of some of the more dramatic flourishes

24:12

of the tale remained nebulous. We

24:14

know that she grieved and mourned

24:17

the beheading of her husband, and

24:19

then we know she decided to take

24:21

revenge into her own hands

24:24

however she could. That's

24:31

the story of Jean de Clisson, the Lioness

24:34

of Brittany. But stick around after

24:36

a brief sponsor break to hear how

24:38

the woman who so terrified France

24:41

lives on today. Jean

24:50

de Cleisson survived seven childbirths

24:53

without the aid of medicine. She lived

24:55

through the Black Death and spent thirteen

24:57

dangerous years as a pirate. She

25:00

lived a very long, full life

25:02

until she was fifty nine years old, a

25:05

fairly old age given the dangerous

25:07

life she lived, despite

25:09

her relatively homey and calm

25:11

final years that she spent married in a

25:13

Brittany port town. Reportedly,

25:16

after her death, Jean is

25:18

not resting in peace. It

25:20

said that after her death, Jean

25:22

spirit traveled to the Chateau de Clisson.

25:25

The ruins of the castle, which was

25:28

destroyed during the French Revolution, still

25:30

tower over the Severnantes River

25:33

today within its stone

25:35

walls. Visitors have reported

25:37

seeing Jean's restless ghost haunting

25:40

the ruins. Some say she's

25:42

reunited with Olivia, the fourth de Clissons

25:44

spirit there, as well the tortured

25:47

lovers walking the halls side

25:49

by side. Noble

26:01

Blood is a production of iHeart Radio

26:03

and Grimm and Mild from Aaron Mankey. Noble

26:06

Blood is hosted by me Danish Wartz.

26:09

Additional writing and researching done

26:11

by Hannah Johnston, hannah's Wick, Mura

26:13

Hayward, Courtney Sender, and Laurie

26:15

Goodman. The show is produced

26:18

by Rema al Kali, with supervising

26:20

producer Josh Thayne and executive

26:23

producers Aaron Mankey, Alex

26:25

Williams, and Matt Frederick. For more

26:27

podcasts from iHeart Radio, visit

26:30

the iHeart Radio app, Apple Podcasts,

26:32

or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.