4:00

It is a review of the

4:02

translation of the most read

4:04

and one of the most influential books in

4:06

history. The interpretation and translation of the Holy

4:09

Bible has impacted history and culture for nearly

4:11

2,000 years. And

4:13

the history of English translation of the Bible

4:16

deserves to be remembered. According

4:20

to biblical scholars, the people who would have

4:22

experienced the ministry of Jesus live in a

4:25

relatively small geographical area from Jerusalem in the

4:27

south to Galilee in the north. A

4:29

distance of several days walk. Jesus

4:32

would have spoken Aramaic, which was the

4:34

indigenous language of the area, and Koine

4:36

Greek, the international language of business and

4:38

education at the time. As

4:41

a practicing Jew, he also would have known enough

4:43

Hebrew to read and teach in the synagogue. But

4:47

the words of the book's central character did not

4:49

start to be written down until 30 years after

4:51

his reported death. However, once

4:53

they got going, many different gospels, or

4:55

good news stories in Greek, were produced

4:57

by a variety of authors around the

4:59

Mediterranean. They wrote in

5:01

Koine Greek for a Greek audience, whereas

5:03

Jesus would probably have preached in Aramaic.

5:06

The gospels of the New Testament,

5:08

Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John, were

5:10

placed in the order of their

5:12

theological importance as determined by early

5:14

Christian leaders. Mark was

5:17

probably written before 70 AD, as he

5:19

doesn't tell us about the destruction of the temple

5:21

in Jerusalem by the Romans in that year, whereas

5:23

the other gospel authors must have been written

5:25

afterwards, as they are aware of this momentous event

5:28

for Jews and Christians of the time. These

5:31

gospels were copied and shared between Christian communities,

5:33

as were the letters of prominent Christian teachers

5:35

like Paul. Very few

5:37

of these earliest manuscripts have survived to

5:39

our time. A handful of second century

5:41

fragments from various New Testament authors have

5:43

been found, and some of them relatively

5:45

recently. Like the

5:47

old campfire game of telephone, each new letter

5:50

offered new opportunities to introduce errors or new

5:52

material that wasn't in the original. Most

5:55

people at the time couldn't read, and so these letters

5:57

would have been read to them at gatherings. was

12:00

find for the mistake. In

12:02

the modern era, the Holy Bible has gone

12:04

through numerous translations and versions, including the Revised

12:06

Standard Version and the New International Version and

12:09

the New Revised Standard

12:11

Version. Many of these use

12:13

the discipline of textual criticism and provide

12:15

substantial markup to help the modern reader

12:17

understand ancient meanings. Technology

12:20

today allows us to translate the Bible

12:22

more quickly than ever before. Some scholars

12:25

predict that we will have a Bible

12:27

translated into every language in existence. By

12:30

2072, it is

12:32

clear that one of the most

12:34

influential books in history will continue

12:37

to raise challenges well into

12:39

the future. And

12:42

a great job on the production, as always, by

12:44

Greg Hengler. And a special thanks to the History

12:46

Guy telling us the story of the

12:48

Bible, the most important book ever written

12:50

in world history. Now, whether you agree with

12:52

its contents or not, separate point, but its

12:55

impact on the world, on literature, on the

12:57

arts, on everything is, well,

12:59

it's almost impossible to calculate. If

13:02

you want more stories of forgotten

13:04

history, please subscribe to the History

13:06

Guy's YouTube channel. The History Guy

13:09

history deserves to be remembered. This

13:12

is Our American Stories. The

13:23

Medal of Honor is the highest military

13:26

decoration in the United States. Since

13:28

it was established in 1861, there have been 3,517 people

13:30

awarded with the Medal. I'm Malcolm Gladwell,

13:36

and our new podcast from Bushkin

13:39

Industries and iHeartMedia is about those

13:41

heroes, what they did, what

13:43

it meant, and what their stories tell

13:46

us about the nature of courage and

13:48

sacrifice. Welcome to Medal of Honor,

13:51

Stories of Courage on the

13:53

iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or

13:55

wherever you listen to podcasts. From

13:59

LinkedIn News, I'm Leah opl. at yell even when.

14:27

From LinkedIn news, I'm Jesse Hempel,

14:30

host of the Hello Monday podcast.

14:32

In my 20s, I knew

14:34

what career success looked like. In

14:37

midlife, it's not that simple. Work

14:40

is changing, we are changing, and there's

14:42

no guidebook for how to make sense

14:44

of it. Start your week with the

14:47

Hello Monday podcast. Listen to Hello Monday

14:49

on the I heart radio app, Apple

14:51

podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts.

14:56

Hey, it's Perez Hilton from the Perez Hilton

14:58

podcast, keeping you in the know. Here's a

15:00

bit of our show. Taylor

15:03

Swift is bigger than Michael Jackson ever was.

15:05

That's nowhere near factual. Yes, it is. Perez,

15:07

then you don't remember the A's. I remember

15:09

the A's. The media was the most insane

15:12

thing I've ever witnessed in my life, and

15:14

nothing will ever be bigger. She is bigger

15:16

than Michael Jackson ever was. Listen

15:19

to the Perez Hilton podcast on the

15:22

I heart radio app, Apple podcasts, or

15:24

wherever you get your podcasts. Thanks

15:48

for watching.