0:00

Probably Science. Hey

0:03

everyone, welcome

0:06

to Probably Science.

0:12

I'm Matt Kirshin. I'm Jesse Case. And

0:14

I am Andy Wood. How's everyone doing

0:16

out there? Where are we at,

0:19

Andy? Yeah, Jesse Snowed in.

0:21

Well, let's introduce our guest and then we

0:23

can discuss various transport woes

0:25

and travel woes because Leah and

0:27

I had a time of it

0:29

a few days ago. This

0:33

is a hilarious comic brought

0:36

up comedically in New York but now

0:38

joining us on the west coast, also

0:40

the host of the Were You Raised

0:43

by Wolves etiquette podcast, Leah

0:45

Vonnema. How's it going, Leah? Oh,

0:47

I'm delighted to be here. Thrilled

0:50

to be here. Yeah,

0:52

we gigged in... Where

0:55

even was it? We've ruined the name of the town now.

0:58

That's right, Napomo, which is past Santa

1:00

Barbara almost at San Luis Obispo

1:02

and... I've never heard of

1:04

this place, Napomo? Yeah,

1:06

there's no reason why you would have done unless you

1:08

were doing a gig there on last

1:11

Friday night when I guess it was a week ago. It

1:13

was exactly a week ago now. It was very pretty. It's

1:16

a beautiful area. It's a beautiful

1:18

area. It's a beautiful drive. This seems like one

1:21

of those ghost trade things where

1:23

you guys find out like, Napomo, why

1:25

that was new 50 years ago. Why,

1:29

there hasn't been a comedy show there since the

1:31

boom of 86. Yeah,

1:37

it was Leah and me along

1:39

with friend of the show, Danny

1:41

Jollis. And yeah,

1:44

it would have been nice had we not

1:46

taken my car rather than either of the other

1:48

two cars, which decided to stop

1:50

working somewhere around Oxnard. So

1:56

we managed to... We had a whole jet. I'm very proud of

1:58

us. Managed to. We made

2:01

it work. We. Emergency

2:03

rented a car, Or

2:05

home. While first Match as successfully

2:07

piloted the car into a parking

2:09

lot which I thought was very

2:12

impressive. Sankey. well it was chugging away

2:14

and the engine like as on and it

2:16

was making some very unsavory noises. See remain

2:18

a mom. Departing. Always

2:20

by the way daddy recognized as

2:22

the parking lot of the. Levity.

2:25

Live Oaks not Comedy Club. Is

2:28

in one of those moves that has we have

2:30

hot outside the whole foods but. Then.

2:32

You're like yeah the comedy club is just

2:34

on the other fire building so on the

2:36

way back while I was waiting for Aaa

2:38

to self to taught to so me home

2:41

I went in and watched Angela Jones and

2:43

close out the show and would. Hang

2:46

around with my whole who's who's opening for her.

2:48

So we had a. It. Will

2:50

not there was a different place. You.

2:52

Just have you your car broke down. had a

2:54

different comedy. Oh. Yeah, we let we are.

2:57

We were not perform yet. A comedy club? Let's make

2:59

that clear. Skies:

3:03

There is no comedy club in the

3:05

Pomo. obsessive. Plenty of the. We

3:08

what we were performing and I don't

3:10

even know what. the place while that

3:12

way a retirement community. That's.

3:14

What will it? I got that one. I

3:17

looked it up a unlike some of the gigs run by

3:19

the same promoter set out to j some love and his.

3:22

Bizarre. Network of shows all over California.

3:24

see been I saw. On say is

3:26

I appreciate it's an. Absolutely but he

3:28

has got some kids that are in

3:30

specific be fifty five and up communities

3:33

but this one I checked is open

3:35

to all ages although you wouldn't know

3:37

to look Health effects has the capacity

3:39

of the it's because it definitely it

3:41

was his get older I I thought

3:43

about pickle ball on stage and that

3:45

went down to treat murdered murdered and

3:47

was a. Very.

3:49

Very room specific material. I think we all

3:52

know that the most specific a joke his

3:54

to the room. the more ah the hotter

3:56

it can hit and what? Wow was I

3:58

in the wheelhouse? Yeah

4:01

I was great we we all had fun gigs

4:03

of for away journey all three of us. Rift.

4:06

On stage about the journey we had here and

4:08

then have people are was going was not real

4:11

with that through like yet know we we

4:13

we all conspire to make. I'm sorry about my

4:15

car breaking down in hopes not for the sense

4:17

of the chef. And that we

4:19

all have to to were together into the family

4:22

is worse and or having said that I think

4:24

people supposed think that anyway I believe us to

4:26

found this on times where you're on a mix

4:28

bill unless I'm out of how one nighter and

4:31

the number five people come upon his guts. a

4:33

youth real trouble around together like know week. I've

4:36

never met this person before in my life. Oh.

4:39

Yeah or figured as a club and people come

4:41

at me like see or hear all the time

4:43

and you're like know I. Note:

4:48

that the be the size and a

4:50

part of the furnace. It was but

4:53

messy. I appreciate you being interested says

4:55

you're not noticed the various posters and

4:57

and opposite side his things false Multiple

5:00

other people who have some of the

5:02

throughout the rest of us. Are

5:06

what we're about. This will break down though. So

5:08

with anybody in the car. Or a

5:10

year head or even able to look under

5:12

the hood. Milk I see. Might.

5:14

Not as we look under the hood. And

5:16

then after I said i believe that I

5:19

laughed hysterically. Yeah,

5:24

it's one of those. ah. Yes,

5:26

He's in a call it. Let's. Just say. How.

5:29

Does he was the most alpha male of

5:31

vehicles or job. For

5:33

me and me and daddy and less in the

5:35

car. And yeah, we were sort of. I

5:38

don't know I would have believed as a. As.

5:41

An east coast Italian woman. You have a kind

5:43

of I mean I've seen my cousin Vinny. I

5:45

will. I thought you might have her third row.

5:47

nothing. Yeah. Exactly I can

5:49

say is it's higher but I have

5:51

dried. Up In mean you have to at least when

5:53

I was growing up I don't know for sure anymore. You

5:55

had to be able to change a tire. on the side

5:58

of the road as part of your a driver's ed course Which

6:01

I don't think in other states you have to change

6:03

your own tires. It's so mean. And

6:06

you know, I can fill your oil and

6:08

your windshield wiper fluid and after that I'm

6:10

just going to point at something and go,

6:12

that doesn't look good. Yeah. Well, it turns

6:15

out it was a spark plugs and that's

6:17

one to spark plugs and coils and that's

6:19

definitely not something you can do as a

6:21

roadside fix. Well, maybe you can if

6:23

you're particularly skilled and you can rig

6:26

up something with a wire coat hanger. I don't know.

6:28

I don't know what the spark plugs look like. I

6:32

think I don't know what they look

6:34

like from just anthropomorphic spark plugs on

6:36

a company's, like a mechanics sign

6:39

or something, you know. You've

6:42

never seen a spark plug with like arms and eyes telling

6:45

you to come into this. Come in and check

6:47

your stuff. Yeah. Yeah.

6:50

So I guess I'd be looking for the thing with

6:52

arms. Right. It's also it's weird

6:54

how easy a lot of car

6:56

mechanic stuff is just if you

6:58

have any of the

7:01

right tools like like

7:03

changing a tire is a fucking

7:05

nightmare. But it's because like

7:07

your car comes with the equivalent of like

7:09

the IKEA single allen key. Like

7:12

if you just have a good like

7:14

jack and a like it takes like

7:16

two minutes. Yeah. But

7:18

it's a nightmare just navigating. It's like you

7:20

just don't have the stuff. I'm

7:23

going to blame that for the fact that I feel

7:26

like less of a man than I

7:28

should be. Especially living in the desert for this long I

7:30

should have picked up some stuff like that. Like

7:32

that I feel like it's doable to

7:35

know how to do, to know how to change your own oil or

7:37

something. You know, that's I should be able to do that. I

7:40

have this weird it's like a

7:42

toxic masculinity thing where I like

7:44

I do sort of I

7:47

have a lot of like hubris with cars where like

7:49

I think I know stuff about them and I never

7:51

do. Like I don't. But

7:53

I highly recommend YouTube tutorials. There

7:55

are for almost every sort

7:58

of simple car repair that is. within

8:00

the remit of a non-professional with

8:02

non-professional tools. There

8:04

is a video where

8:06

a Hungarian man is calmly talking

8:08

you through the process. Right.

8:11

Yeah. By the

8:13

way, Leah, you mentioned how that's so

8:16

Maine having to learn to change your

8:18

tire. I just

8:20

realized how have they not competed

8:22

with the Virginias for Lovers and had

8:24

a campaign for Maine

8:26

tourism called Hornion Maine? Hornion

8:29

Maine? Yeah, that's funny. I would buy that

8:31

shirt. We

8:35

should write the tourist board. Yeah. First,

8:39

we should play the joke to him and then... We

8:43

should also explain, so while we're talking about issues

8:46

right now, Jesse is a little bit more echoey

8:48

than normal because he has not had his recording

8:50

equipment with him because that is

8:52

on the other side of a snow-packed Nashville

8:55

right now. Yeah. I mean,

8:58

it's not that bad. It's just that Nashville doesn't

9:00

know how to do any of this. This

9:04

morning, I went into my front yard and

9:06

a work crew had come by and they

9:09

put sometimes like little orange flags like they're

9:11

working on a water line or something. They've

9:14

spray painted the snow. I'm

9:17

like, we're not equipped for this. It's

9:20

going to melt immediately. They've

9:24

just spray... I don't know, man. Yeah.

9:26

There's like one snowplow here. It's

9:28

horrible. It's horrible. Is

9:31

that load-bearing snow? Yeah. No,

9:34

it's just... It's like

9:37

it wouldn't be a big deal if

9:39

everyone else didn't freak out, but you

9:41

sort of have to freak out because

9:43

you know everyone will freak out. It's

9:45

a self-fulfilling prophecy. The

9:47

day before the snow came, I went to

9:49

the grocery store, but

9:51

the only reason I had to go to the grocery store was

9:53

it was almost like the beginning of the pandemic where everyone...

9:58

It's not that you need all this stuff. you

10:00

know everyone else is going to take all this stuff.

10:03

You know what I mean? So you're like, well, I

10:06

have to go because there won't be bread. And if

10:09

everyone just kept their cool the city would function

10:11

like normally but like I haven't gotten mail all

10:13

week like everything shut down. So

10:17

you know, here I am. Well,

10:20

you sound good. You sound good enough for our

10:22

purposes. Yeah, so sorry about that. Sorry,

10:25

you know, it happens,

10:28

man. Sometimes it snows an inch. Sometimes

10:32

it happens. I don't know.

10:35

Well, Leah, we like to ask

10:38

our guests like, this is something that does

10:40

happen, whether snow or not. There

10:42

we go. That's a link, right? I loved

10:44

it. That's slick. We like

10:46

to ask our guests before we get into the stories,

10:49

what if anything is your background in science? And that

10:51

has ranged from classes people liked or hated as

10:54

kids to blowing stuff up in the woods with your

10:56

friends to later

10:59

interested in life to whatever. I

11:04

think that, you

11:06

know, embarrassingly, I think I

11:08

was just not interested in

11:10

science as a teenager or

11:13

a young kid, although I

11:15

love nature, love nature.

11:17

And in my little kid mind, they were

11:19

not related. You know what I mean? I

11:22

think it's because I related science to like the

11:24

science teachers at my school who I never got on

11:26

with. Such a common

11:28

story. And then is it

11:31

because I feel like they were always this

11:33

sort of linear, you know, and I'm like

11:35

an all over the place person. But I've

11:37

always loved nature and I love

11:39

space. I

11:41

love the space museum. I

11:45

just went to the Natural History Museum's new exhibit

11:47

on space. Oh, cool. Did

11:50

you ever have astronaut aspirations as a kid

11:52

or not? Sometimes

11:54

I think I would be a great astronaut and

11:56

then other times I think you're going to sit

11:58

alone in a small area. and shit in

12:00

your own pants for 35 days? I

12:02

don't think so. I get

12:05

rashes so easily. I really

12:07

get rashes. That

12:10

was, I saw a good thread from someone who,

12:12

I think it was someone whose partner is a,

12:15

works at NASA, just sort of,

12:19

I guess deflating the sort of billionaires

12:23

space aspirations, where like they're

12:25

going to create a new life on Mars. Like, do you know what

12:27

it, it was exactly that. Like, do

12:29

you know what it actually involves? Living in, living

12:31

in space where you're shitting

12:33

on a vacuum toilet and you're

12:37

living in a... Yeah,

12:39

exactly. Exactly. Just how miserable

12:41

being in space is. The idea that you're sort of going

12:44

to create some new utopia

12:47

on Mars, where no, it's just going to be

12:49

the most unpleasant life possible. I

12:52

mean, I also think it's like

12:54

a disingenuous thing to act like

12:56

we think these billionaires think

12:59

it's a better or easier place

13:01

to live. Like, no, they just

13:03

want to explore that they know

13:05

it's going to be harder to make that livable

13:07

than just to keep the earth livable. They're not total

13:09

idiots. Like... They do, but

13:11

at the same time, they are

13:13

largely funding companies that are making the

13:16

earth less livable. Yeah. That

13:18

doesn't mean they think that it would be

13:20

easier to make Mars livable than to keep

13:22

this, like, whatever. It's a minor point, but

13:25

like, it's just like a fun dunk that

13:27

I don't think any of us really believe,

13:29

you know? Like, yeah, I don't love them,

13:31

but I also don't think they think, all right,

13:33

we're going in the escape pod because it's going

13:35

to be so perfect. They're like, no, they're smart

13:38

enough to know how much it'll take to make

13:40

that even survivable, let alone

13:42

pleasant. Like, anyway,

13:44

just my little gripe with... Would

13:48

you go to space? Because I think

13:50

we've talked about this before. I would

13:52

definitely take a short space trip for

13:55

sure. I wouldn't want to live long

13:57

term in space or... Yeah,

14:01

the older I get the more I'm like, yeah, sign me up.

14:03

Like when I was younger, I'm like, not sure

14:05

I could have dealt with that much solitary time, but

14:07

I'm like, oh, I've proven I could deal with that

14:09

much solitary time. I'll go. Sure. So

14:13

in your mind, you're not with like friends taking

14:15

a space trip. You're just alone in

14:18

space. Yeah, it's just moon. Yeah. Wow.

14:24

I think what people imagine when

14:26

Matt pitches this question is very

14:28

telling about us. Like in your

14:30

own pod, I'll do it. I

14:32

guess you're out there and you're like,

14:35

oh, that's nice. And then you're like, okay, ready

14:37

to go back. I mean, but can you imagine

14:39

being out in space with people? Oh,

14:42

no, thanks. Leah,

14:44

would you go to space? Would you be in the way? I

14:47

mean, it would depend. Can we do

14:49

Star Trek space, you know, where it's

14:51

like, very I'm getting teleported. It's very

14:53

quickly. It's a

14:56

cruise ship, just a cruise ship

14:58

where there's stars. I would

15:00

be thrilled to be on the enterprise and

15:02

like a onesie running along the

15:04

deck. For sure. How

15:07

we're doing it now. I'm not

15:09

sure it's what I'm up for. Okay. I

15:12

also love running water. Like I get such

15:15

a kick out of showering. And I think

15:17

it would be incredible to see space. We

15:19

lost power over Christmas. And I forgot what

15:22

the sky looks like when you have no

15:24

like, lights from buildings.

15:27

And I mean, it's incredible. Yeah, base

15:29

just the idea of it and all

15:31

the stars and but I, I love

15:33

flushing a fucking toilet. You know what

15:36

I mean? Right? Sure. Now are you

15:38

are you ready for that to go

15:40

away in our lifetime? I

15:42

mean, it's quite possible. I feel like that

15:44

we are, you know, I

15:46

was up in Maine for the holidays

15:49

where my parents live. And you know,

15:51

when I was growing up, there was

15:53

a lot of snowstorms, they had this

15:55

huge rainstorm. And whoever designed the town

15:58

brilliantly put the the electric electricity

16:02

Near the river which the river is not

16:04

new. It's always been there. So we

16:08

lost electric and then the

16:11

town flooded so much that the pipes broke

16:13

so then we lost power and You

16:16

know it was chaos and I was like this is just

16:18

going to happen more and more We're

16:21

going to have more extreme weather patterns.

16:23

You all got to get a full generator Because

16:27

you know they can be out you got to get

16:29

a little poop deck for the back Yeah,

16:34

I just think eventually like we're just

16:36

gonna quit using fresh water for non

16:38

drinking stuff I think that's gonna

16:40

be like like it's like okay This keeps us alive if

16:42

you drink it But but like taking

16:44

shits in it is gonna be like ridiculous to

16:46

people that we ever did that Yeah,

16:49

you get a bucket take it down in the river dump

16:51

it in the back of your toilet Yeah, you

16:53

don't think we'll crack desalination in the next

16:55

couple decades and make it super cheap and

16:57

fresh water will no longer Make me yeah,

16:59

no maybe but but we're still like yeah,

17:02

I think even then it will be it

17:04

will become Expensive

17:08

like even even then different stuff will

17:10

flow in the toilets like just cuz

17:12

why bother just why not use reclaimed?

17:15

Yeah, it doesn't like it doesn't matter Just

17:18

initially the additional infrastructure of like

17:20

plumbing a second set of pipes

17:23

out to every house You know it's almost

17:25

like it's easier to make fresh water abundant

17:27

and cheap than it is to do a

17:29

second Thing to every place

17:31

people go to the bathroom sure, but I

17:33

mean I've I've Often

17:35

like I've long been a proponent for peeing and

17:37

pooping outside to begin with oh sure well one

17:40

of those two Yeah, you know

17:42

I think both I think both I think it's it's

17:44

like that's Just I mean

17:46

I don't do it. You know I'm saying like I'll

17:48

pee outside on occasion. I don't poop outside I've

17:51

done it like once in my life. It was

17:53

weird, but I think I you know I think

17:55

it's what we should be doing though. I mean

17:58

not if we live in a city That's the thing.

18:01

They did that a long time ago. I'm pretty

18:03

sure a lot of people died. Yeah,

18:07

I mean I think in a city, like let's do

18:09

it. Well we should all talk. I

18:12

mean I live in Hollywood. It's happening. Yeah,

18:15

it's happening. We're talking about this experiment

18:17

all the time. We mentioned this briefly at

18:19

the top of the show, but you are co-host

18:22

of a modern

18:24

etiquette podcast. Yes. Where

18:26

you made my love. Oh, I

18:28

really stepped in there. I'm sorry about

18:30

that. I forgot who I'm talking

18:32

to. Yeah, so

18:34

what do the modern ethicists

18:37

and behaviorists

18:41

say about the etiquette of

18:43

getting outside? Is

18:46

that something that's been raised on your... Has anyone raised

18:48

that as a query? You know we

18:50

haven't gotten that as a question, but I

18:52

would pay money to get that as a

18:55

question. Hey, I like

18:57

taking dumps outside. Is this disrespectful to

18:59

my neighbors? You

19:02

know I'm not the etiquette expert on the

19:04

podcast. I'm obviously the comic and person who

19:06

constantly puts their foot in it, but I

19:09

think that our main

19:11

line rule is if you're by yourself, it

19:13

doesn't matter. It's only when things affect other

19:15

people. So are you pooping out in the

19:18

wild wilderness where it's not going to run

19:20

into people's water and you're just re-fertilizing

19:22

the land and you're not using some

19:24

kind of thing that won't biodegrade to

19:26

wipe your asshole? I'm sorry, can we

19:28

swear on this? Yeah. Then

19:32

have at it. I had once had a

19:34

pee outside that was like, I will remember

19:36

it for the rest of my life. It

19:38

was so great. But

19:40

if you're in a house and you're right next to

19:42

your neighbors, I think it probably starts

19:44

affecting other people, you know? Well, of

19:47

course it affects other people, but in my scenario, it's not weird

19:49

because they do it too. Yeah,

19:51

but you're all going to get sick. Yeah. Sick

19:54

with what? Poop diseases. Poop diseases. Isn't

19:58

that the scientific term? Poop diseases?

20:01

It is, yeah, that's the last in name. I can't remember what

20:03

it's called colloquially, but yeah. You're gonna get it in your

20:05

eye. For sure you're gonna get poop in your eye, and

20:07

then you're gonna get styes, and then

20:09

you'll start having respiratory problems. I already have poop

20:12

in my eye, first of all. And they're gonna

20:14

be like, somebody's pooping near you. Yeah.

20:17

No, you're right, I mean, you're right, but what if we did

20:19

it like dog style, where like you have a bag with you,

20:21

you bring it back. Yeah,

20:24

every time you go for a walk, you have

20:26

your own poop bag for

20:28

yourself, and then you just toss

20:31

it, you know, you just toss it. But a

20:33

lot of people are not picking up their dog

20:35

poop. Yeah. And so

20:37

imagine if they were also not picking up

20:39

their poops. True.

20:41

I mean, I feel like I just made up a

20:44

lot of stuff about illnesses that I don't know, but

20:46

I do feel like for sure it wouldn't

20:48

be healthy. No, I know it's obviously not

20:50

realistic. Like I'm not like, listen, if I

20:52

run for office, this is the pitch, and-

20:56

But I feel like you really want this, so I am-

21:00

I'm willing to try to find a way, but I think

21:02

that's how we came with quarter parties, where I'll like,

21:04

oh, let's all poop on top of each other's

21:06

poop. Right, I just,

21:08

it's never made sense to me

21:11

how much we- When

21:15

indoors was invented, I

21:18

don't know how poopin' made the cut. To

21:21

be in indoor activity. Really, I would

21:23

put, after sleeping, pooping

21:26

would have been the first thing I would have put in

21:28

there. For me, no way, it's like, no, because

21:30

it's like you wanna poop where you sleep? That's

21:32

disgusting. Cooking and eating, you do

21:34

all that inside, and then it's like, oh,

21:36

let's get some shit in there. Like, otherwise,

21:38

it's completely just awesome

21:40

and calm, and then it's like,

21:42

let's also just poop in there if we, sure. Let

21:45

me do a counter argument to that, which is like, pooping

21:48

is when you were at your most vulnerable. That's

21:50

what I was about to say. The wolves get

21:52

you. Get

21:55

your ass hangin' out. There's nothing you could do. They'll

21:57

come for ya. But they, the wolves.

22:00

poop outside and then you pop it

22:02

in a bag and bring it back

22:04

inside my cat poops inside in

22:06

a box that makes her think she's

22:08

outside we're all pooping in the wrong

22:10

fucking spots man all right you guys

22:13

rearrange the poops I

22:16

did just do that I love no

22:18

one's following me no I will say

22:20

that I hadn't been I've been so

22:25

did for a week I'm sorry I don't care what gets me

22:27

up I'm already going toward

22:33

Edinburgh underneath you know how they used

22:35

to have it was a ghost tour I love

22:37

those and you know they had people

22:40

were like they built out over all

22:42

the people living next to this hill

22:44

and then a part of the tour

22:46

was they showed you where they threw

22:49

buckets of their poop down the middle

22:51

and I was like oh this is

22:53

not the way to live sure sure

22:57

yeah it would be the same

22:59

if they were all just pooping you

23:01

know out there instead of throwing the bucket

23:04

either or I just don't like the idea of like

23:06

poop floating by me I just

23:08

think not good right

23:11

I feel like multiple

23:13

things have happened I

23:15

feel like my riff has been

23:18

taken too seriously I feel like

23:20

I've turned everyone off I

23:22

feel like we're gonna get weird mail I

23:25

would say no it's it's like to it's

23:27

it's so real that I'm talking about it

23:29

because I do that I pee outside every

23:32

morning that's how I feel all the time

23:34

I'm not kidding because I have a hundred

23:36

yard separation and offense from my nearest neighbor

23:38

and then I went backpacking last month and

23:40

like did the shovel dig a little hole

23:43

thing for the first time and like that was

23:45

totally fine like it's kind of more pleasant than

23:47

a porta-potty yeah

23:50

it's very easy and then afterwards

23:52

you've cleaned up and then nature

23:55

will you know do

23:57

its own septic system So

24:00

yeah, I'm for it. My question for

24:03

the etiquette thing. Also,

24:05

I do like the idea of like you're sort

24:07

of holding a kind of mini funeral for yesterday's

24:09

lunch. Yeah, you

24:11

say a few words. True, it's very... Yeah,

24:14

you say a few words. Sometimes I try to

24:16

visit everywhere I pooped and leave a flower. I

24:20

do that once a year. Playtime. I think we're

24:22

just being respectful to you that we would take it seriously.

24:24

You know what I mean? You're like, he's not about pooping

24:27

outside. Let's work it out. No, Leah,

24:29

you're totally right. I just think that

24:31

at some point in the future, our

24:34

refuse will be disconnected

24:36

from our freshwater intake.

24:39

And I'm just trying to figure out what

24:41

that looks like. That's all. The

24:43

thing is, if we're all pooping outside, it will get

24:45

into our freshwater is the issue. Yeah, it's not...it's obviously

24:48

not going to be as simple as like, just go

24:50

take a shit in your yard. If you live in

24:52

an apartment, sorry. It's not

24:54

going to be that simple. I just think

24:56

we're going to start switching it to like

24:58

chemical solvents or something. Like

25:01

at some point, we're going to disconnect this from

25:03

the freshwater. Well, here's as long as

25:05

we're thinking about what the future could bring, Star

25:07

Trek kind of shit. Like maybe we get

25:10

to a point where whatever it

25:12

takes, combination desalination and complete decontamination,

25:15

that becomes a simple thing that happens at

25:17

the point of entry to your house. You

25:19

have one water intake to your house that

25:22

is in whatever quality it comes, it doesn't

25:24

matter because then once it enters the house,

25:27

you've got a thing that can get it to the point

25:29

of drinkability if it needs to or divert it to the

25:31

toilets if it doesn't need to. Well,

25:34

I mean, that's obviously smarter and more

25:36

realistic, but I like to imagine even

25:38

poop bags. Like that's where I went

25:40

on that. And that's

25:44

why I'm not in charge of these things. I

25:47

mean, somebody has their money invested in the poop bag

25:49

makers. That's what I'm hearing from this story. Yeah.

25:52

Yeah. At no point

25:54

is anyone in any position of power going to call

25:56

me and ask my thoughts on this. So

26:02

you know we're safe don't worry about

26:04

it. I've actually I've

26:07

now walked in on this

26:09

year in the past year I've

26:11

walked in on two men pooping

26:13

in public restrooms and who didn't

26:15

lock their doors. I

26:18

just all of a sudden that flashed before me and

26:20

I thought I should bring it up here and I

26:22

did not like it in both times. I hate

26:25

when people don't lock the door and they get mad at you. They

26:27

get mad at you and

26:29

one of them for sure

26:31

did it on purpose and

26:33

I made direct eye contact

26:35

with him and you know

26:38

I he then came

26:40

outside and said that happens

26:42

to me all the time and he

26:46

carried with him his wet wipes so

26:48

he obviously was going to this coffee

26:51

shop to take dumps and

26:53

then proceeded to ask me out on a date FYI. And

26:56

I know but I also like

26:58

I stood I couldn't you know you

27:01

can't unsee it. I will for the

27:03

rest of my life see these two

27:05

men put one was from the side

27:07

and one was a direct direct forward.

27:10

No yeah well it's like I don't

27:12

want to see that I just don't

27:14

know disrespect. I know we're all animals

27:16

and but I

27:18

love to not see people shitting. Sure

27:21

sure sure like with even my

27:23

outdoor pitch. I'm not pitching just

27:25

public like like

27:27

everyone's just in front it would still be

27:29

rude and weird you know

27:31

I mean like to just

27:34

be going for it in front of people. Even

27:37

in my pitch I'm just saying I wouldn't mind

27:40

like a six inch hole in every park bench. That's all

27:42

I'm saying. Now

27:48

how does one I guess

27:51

on one hand I see the benefit of

27:53

asking someone out after you've already

27:56

gotten through the weirdest part of like a

27:58

relationship like breaking back. barrier. You

28:02

know what I mean? Like if you're cohabiting. Yeah

28:04

like that was the test. Can she stay there,

28:06

maintain eye contact with me and be like okay.

28:08

Can she hang? Yeah. Yeah. And

28:10

she could hang. I was very

28:13

unflapped. Wow. That fake

28:15

Marilyn Monroe quote, if you can't handle me

28:17

at my only door I'm be shitting. You

28:19

don't deserve me with clothes on

28:21

not defecating. Well I just mean it's like

28:24

any relationship you get in the first while

28:26

and the number is different for everyone. It

28:28

could be a few weeks. It could be

28:30

years. But the first while of

28:32

a new relationship is people pretending they don't

28:34

poop or have gas ever. And

28:36

then eventually you have to be like listen this

28:40

is we're human beings

28:42

here. Alright. And I'm not going

28:44

to pause this movie every 10 minutes because we

28:46

had nachos. Like. No

28:50

but you can put a blanket over

28:52

yourself. Yeah yeah yeah no obviously obviously

28:54

yes we all know that. It

28:57

doesn't matter. I didn't mean

28:59

to be so. I really I think

29:02

this being so didn't really it's not normally like this

29:05

Lee I'm sorry I'm not. Yeah I'm

29:07

wondering how many people have made it this far in

29:09

this episode. I'm sorry. I don't know. I don't really

29:11

get that graphic. It was just it was like a

29:13

meta poop talk. It wasn't actual poop talk. Yeah it

29:15

really is. It's no it's on me and I apologize.

29:17

I yeah. Matt's going to send me an angry text

29:19

later and I'm going to have to take out his

29:21

spark plugs again. It's going to be a whole thing.

29:28

Lee had you

29:30

ever. So so in order

29:33

to probably in order to defecate one

29:35

has to eat first. What

29:38

a transition. OK. Talk guys.

29:40

Yeah one has to eat first.

29:42

Yes one has to eat first. You

29:45

know I don't know growing up

29:48

in Maine you know hanging out

29:50

in in what in Portland major

29:52

or Bangor. Did you ever did

29:54

you ever smoke a cannabis cigarettes.

29:58

I wanted to point out that Portland Maine. and

30:00

Bangor are the big cities. So

30:03

sometimes I would get together. I have

30:05

in my past smoked cannabis cigarettes. Well,

30:09

if you did and then you got

30:11

hungry, you may have wondered why. And

30:13

some new research has figured this out,

30:15

you guys. Yeah, this is

30:17

a story that was sent in by

30:19

Holly Gaberson of Arvada, Colorado. Thank you,

30:21

Holly. Yeah,

30:24

go for it, Matt, sorry. No, no, no, no,

30:26

no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, I just wanted to get

30:28

the attribution in there. But

30:31

this is a story from your science news.

30:33

Take it away, Jesse. Well, researchers

30:35

have uncovered how cannabis triggers appetite

30:37

in the brain. This

30:39

is, of course, a long mystery. Everyone

30:41

just thought, you know, you smoke probably

30:43

to get hungry, we all know that.

30:46

But using calcium imaging technology to observe

30:48

brain cells in mice exposed to vaporized

30:50

cannabis sativa, sativa, I'm not

30:52

a cool person. The

30:55

team discovered that cannabis activates specific cells

30:57

in the hypothalamus associated with

30:59

the anticipation and consumption of food.

31:02

Jesse's getting ready to report himself to the police just

31:04

for reading this story. Yeah,

31:08

this finding could lead to novel

31:10

treatments for appetite disorders in cancer

31:12

patients, anorexia, and potentially obesity. The

31:15

study highlights the cannabinoid one

31:17

receptors role in controlling the

31:19

agute related protein neurons. Those

31:22

are essential for appetite and

31:24

demonstrates that disabling these neurons

31:26

negates cannabis' appetite-stimulating effects. Okay,

31:31

so the key facts here. Cannabis

31:35

exposure activates specific hypothalamus

31:37

neurons related to appetite

31:39

in mice. The

31:41

cannabinoid receptor controls key feeding

31:44

cells in the hypothalamus influencing

31:46

appetite and disabling those neurons

31:49

prevents cannabis from stimulating appetite,

31:52

offering potential therapeutic pathways, or

31:54

just like a pill you take before you smoke pot, you

31:57

don't get the munchies. That's probably how it's

31:59

gonna go, right? They better

32:01

have that. They better do it. Poobags

32:04

and anti-bunchy pills is all I'm asking for. Well

32:06

no I was thinking earlier you know Leah when

32:08

you said you you walked in that guy and

32:11

you can't unsee it would you guys if they

32:13

came out with a pill where you could unsee

32:15

something would you do it? Like you

32:18

have to do it let's say within an hour like

32:20

within an hour of an event you

32:23

can unsee it. I feel

32:25

like that pill could have no downsides.

32:27

Yeah all right that's a good

32:30

call. Wait

32:36

wait I'm sorry what's the downside of the oh

32:39

oh someone gives it to you against your will. Any

32:42

number of neuron fuckery things.

32:44

Yeah messing with

32:49

your brain. Oh okay that part I thought you

32:51

just meant like the use cases that would. Oh

32:53

I meant all of them. I like I meant

32:55

there are so many there are so many multiple

32:57

reasons why this is not a good idea. Yeah

33:00

I mean but also reason why it's a really good

33:02

I don't know yeah yeah okay yes it has like

33:05

everything it comes with. But also

33:07

what if seeing a man pooping somehow altered

33:10

the course of my life and then without

33:12

seeing that man pooping I wouldn't be here

33:14

with you today for whatever small choices I

33:17

made differently after that you know what I

33:19

mean I don't want to fuck with the

33:22

there is no free will yes yes

33:24

sometimes you your whole

33:26

life no matter what happened

33:28

you were gonna see that type of two

33:32

guys back to back Wow back

33:35

to back I also have multiple

33:37

but I think there's just something with

33:39

me in bathrooms recently in a Walmart

33:42

I saw and this made me it was

33:44

a grandma and I mean

33:46

grandma grandma like this woman was she

33:49

was in the triple digits and she

33:51

was peeing with the door wide open

33:53

and either her daughter or granddaughter was

33:56

next to her sort of just apologizing

33:58

to everybody walking by Because

34:00

she was like she just won't close

34:03

doors and I've honestly

34:05

never been it for some reason was

34:07

like this Sweetest thing I've ever seen

34:09

she just like wants to pee communally.

34:11

I I don't

34:14

know. I'm just sharing bathroom. Sorry. I don't

34:16

know how this happened, but there are there

34:18

are nice things She

34:20

should the policy she should be like she's earned this

34:23

I For

34:26

sure to close the door, you know what I mean? Sure.

34:29

Yeah, someone else could close the door for her That's true.

34:31

Nobody would do it. They're like let her have it Perhaps

34:34

you had some perhaps some neurons

34:36

came on better typically not active. Oh I

34:41

love his knuckleback John

34:44

Davis assistant professor of neuroscience at Washington

34:46

State University Was

34:48

a corresponding author on the paper. I

34:50

mean we've I Mean look

34:53

come on. We've got Johnny D Well,

34:55

we've all been to Seattle and it's obvious to me. They

34:57

just had the weed laying around and said let's do a

34:59

study Yeah Let's

35:02

just follow it into some mices face and

35:04

see how they react. Yeah, see what happened

35:06

get out the calcium imager guys. I So

35:10

calcium imaging is very similar to an MRI. It's

35:12

been used to study the brain's reactions to food

35:15

by other researchers This is

35:17

the first known study to understand them

35:19

understand these features following cannabis exposure so

35:22

as part of the research the researchers

35:24

also determined that the cannabinoid one receptor

35:26

a known cannabis target controlled the activity

35:28

of a Well-known set of feeding cells

35:31

in the hypothalamus that's called

35:33

the agouti related protein neurons. So

35:35

with this information They

35:37

used a chemo genetic technique which acts

35:39

like a molecular light switch To

35:42

home in on those neurons when animals

35:44

were exposed to cannabis when those neurons

35:46

turned off canvas no longer promoted appetite

35:50

So they've they've they've

35:52

isolated the

35:55

these proteins these neurons that

35:57

make us hungry what with the listening

36:00

to jazz and such. So

36:04

pretty big deal. Do

36:06

we know is this similar to the mechanism by

36:08

which Ozimpic works or not?

36:10

Do we know if that's... Oh that's interesting.

36:12

I don't know if it's just an apatite

36:14

suppressant or what that does exactly. Oh right

36:17

yeah I don't I don't know. I don't

36:19

know yeah I

36:21

don't know it's it's I'm

36:24

getting I'm getting it's getting pitched to me a lot

36:26

in targeted ads which I don't like. That gets

36:30

me in my head about some stuff. Well

36:32

does it do

36:34

they know yet which which

36:37

neurons affected by cannabis are

36:39

responsible for wanting to wear a hat in the

36:41

color of the Jamaican flag? Though

36:45

that is actually let

36:48

me see here let's find these. Yep

36:51

that's gonna be in a medial basal

36:53

hypothalamus. Okay. Yep. Huh.

36:56

Yeah. I

36:59

thought that was in the

37:01

prefrontal Rasta cortex. Yeah.

37:10

So mechanistic experiments demonstrated

37:12

that pharmacological activation of

37:15

CB1R attenuated

37:19

inhibitory synaptic tone onto

37:22

hunger promoting a GUTI related

37:24

peptide neurons within the MBH.

37:27

Obviously. Sure right. This

37:30

is an easy paragraph to swallow

37:32

there. I think we all I

37:34

think we're all following along. Yeah

37:39

so I mean that's yeah that's interesting. I'm

37:41

glad we I just wonder

37:43

the I

37:45

wonder what we do with that info. I'm

37:50

sure something related to the it

37:55

seems pretty cannabinoid specific. So

37:59

it's like okay. This is activated.

38:02

You. Know. Those is activated

38:04

and then. We'd have to

38:06

deactivate have some reason so I can see

38:08

like okay using marijuana like if you were

38:10

in a situation where the munchies or considered

38:12

a bad side effects of marijuana such as

38:14

for nausea treatment. I. Can

38:17

see this being like Jr

38:19

adjunct therapy. Dry rewrites insists

38:21

it's not not getting into

38:23

place that's lower appetite than

38:25

the to to default case.

38:27

It's just negating disaffected. It

38:29

was have. A

38:32

dozen said submitted somebody doing

38:34

yes, yes, yes, even even

38:36

don't get below than default

38:38

You just can. Maybe

38:40

find some way to not have

38:42

this the suspects. Yeah. Yeah.

38:46

I. Have to look for a second ago and I met.

38:49

None of Africa. I was about to me

38:51

on two different stories that you how and

38:53

I just as looking at this picture and

38:55

I was like that's one hundred percent a

38:57

I and looked at the credit the creditor

38:59

says Neuroscience News as or look at other

39:01

articles on Neurosciences he was.com and all the

39:03

photos are similar at all their credits or

39:05

Neuroscience This crucifix A thinks I'm fairly sure

39:07

we on in has started using a I

39:09

like quite a bit Our I read a

39:12

Cnn article yesterday that was such a shit

39:14

show. I was like there's no way this

39:16

made it through. Any human.

39:18

A human brain. And yeah, I

39:21

get a marriage is at an Angora?

39:23

What? Yeah scan be very interesting year

39:25

with them you as you can be

39:27

up and the new version of office

39:29

just have this built in. Where.

39:31

Everybody opening Microsoft word is gonna have

39:34

the option of staring at the blank

39:36

page and getting to work or hitting

39:38

the button and everyone is going to

39:40

start telling the button to start what

39:42

they're doing. Gonna make things very interesting.

39:45

Noom. Like shall

39:47

be tipsy for Level Stuff is

39:50

going to be integrated forth without

39:52

additional cost into word. So

39:54

suddenly everyone who had to otherwise

39:56

go. Pay. Twenty bucks a month or go

39:58

to a specific site is now. He in

40:01

the software the use everyday being given the

40:03

option. This. Think it's a

40:05

huge hub for you and suddenly everyone's

40:07

gonna see what they didn't see. and

40:09

last year and it's gonna be very

40:12

weird. Yeah. Yeah, now we're

40:14

in for we're types, you know? I'm

40:17

will probably be still using that.

40:19

The bathroom for it serves will

40:22

be going endorse enough. Not.

40:24

As I as my imagine peace process.

40:27

And I was expecting pressing a button that does

40:29

that. The oh my god a poo buttons. I

40:32

would take a p but I'm so sick

40:34

of peer. Like.

40:36

I hate every time I do and

40:38

I'm like this is exhausting. It never

40:40

ends your whole life, you just slowly

40:43

draining out. I hate it. I.

40:45

It, you know? I got

40:47

his eye out for like a lot of us

40:50

what you meant to last the audience of the

40:52

census try to say like as I'm getting older

40:54

you get more the middle the night and stuff

40:56

like this is horrible. I just later like fox.

40:59

You. Know you can feel it coming. Are you for

41:01

to fall asleep before it gets too bad? Have. You

41:04

don't talk about like you're like a five.

41:06

maybe I I know I feel really bad

41:08

the morning but for it's fall asleep and

41:10

room and know. It. Sounds

41:13

Ah, you don't purposely drink less important for

41:15

going to bed so you wake up early

41:17

and don't and. Sabbatical. And

41:21

the no no no I don't do

41:23

that. I do it for other skincare

41:25

reasons. yeah absolutely. As you know it's

41:27

just stuff like that the makes you

41:29

wanna like as move to the moon.

41:31

you know to get away from people

41:33

like we've never. if we just we

41:35

have estimated in that jesse than I

41:37

am a business the seventies matzo at

41:39

or even a wire senior is breaking

41:41

his right now we glad it's very

41:43

signal messes the seventies that humans in

41:45

number as we're recording right now Japan

41:47

Space Agency is communicating. The. his

41:49

hot off the presses or with his

41:51

on crude crossed could moon sniper after

41:54

landed on the lunar surface but ah

41:56

that harney the solar generators are working

41:58

as relying on batteries and then

42:00

trying to fix the solar generators before the batteries run

42:02

out. But this means Japan becomes

42:04

only the fifth country to land on the moon after

42:06

the US, the former

42:09

Soviet Union, China and India. So

42:12

they wanted to land within 100 meters of a

42:15

location near

42:17

the Shioli crater on the near side

42:19

of the moon. Scientists are still confirming

42:21

if they've managed this. And

42:23

India made history last

42:25

year when it successfully landed a spacecraft near the south

42:27

pole of the moon. So

42:30

they also I don't I did see there's

42:32

one of those BBC breaking things where there's

42:35

like updates every 20 minutes and I don't

42:37

know whether one of them says that

42:39

they don't know whether it landed upside down. But

42:42

I think that has now been superseded by

42:45

one that said

42:48

it did land precision

42:50

landed. Moon

42:52

snipers kind of not what it would have

42:54

gone for. Yeah, very

42:57

action oriented. Yeah, very, very

42:59

sort of. Yeah, early

43:02

2000s action film, the like mid

43:04

budget action film. Right.

43:07

Or the secondary title to another movie

43:09

after a colon. Yeah. Oh,

43:11

yeah. Yeah, they have yet to

43:13

release the Jason safety module on

43:16

this moon sniper mission.

43:19

Is the moon sniper is the moon sniper someone

43:21

who shoots the moon, or shoots

43:24

at the moon, at people on the moon, right shoots

43:26

from the moon to people who aren't on the moon,

43:29

or she's people on the moon from on the

43:31

moon. I think it's the latter

43:33

is what I'm picturing. Like you come up there like

43:35

third one. Yeah, me too. There's a moon sniper. No,

43:38

I think the moon sniper

43:40

is someone on the moon with a very

43:42

powerful gun that shoots people on

43:44

Earth from above. Yeah, or in space.

43:46

Yeah, approaching the moon. By

43:49

the way, not related, but it is related. And I

43:51

love how I'm going to take your science podcast

43:53

and turn it into Reality Show

43:55

Trash. But I Absolutely. Let me just

43:57

tell you that if you're ever switching.

44:00

Your mental health medications and you're like

44:02

i shouldn't go outside and it's really

44:04

good. Zone in on something stupid and

44:07

I what happened once. a whole season

44:09

of Love Island is such a time

44:11

and there was a girl on their

44:13

who was committed to telling everybody. But

44:15

the moon was larger than the earth

44:18

and. It

44:20

was one of my most vivid

44:23

confidence in which she shot people

44:25

down who had her. I was

44:27

like what is it like to

44:29

live that. Way. Yeah, I

44:31

haven't I haven't done or

44:33

is what I will. a

44:35

competition. Soon as I said, there's

44:37

one in the I only like

44:39

the accent ones. No disrespect to

44:41

the people who worked on the violin

44:44

America though you. but I love

44:46

Uk and Australia. Okay, what's

44:48

what's your go to?

44:50

Murder. Fiance branch or. I've

44:54

never watched Ninety Day Fiance. Oh I

44:56

feel so alone. Franchises.

44:58

In there are like Cohen's After

45:01

that it is fiance code Boothroyd

45:03

protrude Library after I married is

45:05

my neighbor know there's with there's

45:07

before the ninety Days are over,

45:09

there's maybe fiance the other way.

45:11

There's happily ever after. There's Moon

45:13

Sniper. There's. A lot of I'm. I.

45:16

To. Watch one in it at me. It made

45:18

me feel sad. Yeah. Yeah know

45:20

it'll do absolutely. What is the premise? I'm not

45:22

was and he but i notice ago the sickness

45:25

is up the so. Yeah. Okay,

45:27

so is a premise that they come to

45:29

this and say listen, I've been unlucky in

45:31

love. I want an arranged marriage. For

45:34

will from that the premise is

45:36

is the it follows the K

45:38

was these of process. Oh so

45:40

if you have a partner that

45:42

you're sort of sponsoring that moves

45:44

to America you have ninety days

45:46

to get married so they can

45:48

become a citizen or home. or

45:50

they have to return home. That

45:52

suits And ninety days he said.

45:54

The key when Visa and. Ah,

45:58

So. it's it's it's interesting and

46:00

weird because it's a some people are trying to

46:02

like scam their way into the country like obvious

46:04

sort of weird

46:06

catfishy type stuff Everyone

46:10

involved is a train wreck because it's

46:12

self filtering. It's people that are willing to be on that show.

46:14

Yeah, and Yeah,

46:17

it's it's a mess man. It's an absolute mess. It's

46:19

just like it's like watching

46:21

the DSM 5 Just

46:23

on television every day You

46:25

know It's

46:28

amazing and I also this is so

46:30

weirdly I got into that during like

46:32

an SSRI switch Really? Yeah,

46:34

I was like very interesting. I was like, I'm gonna

46:36

hunker down and watch TLC. It's time and Now

46:40

oh, I'm all in on below deck. I'm

46:42

all in on 90-day fiance. I've seen them

46:44

all baby oh,

46:46

I watched a bit of below deck when I was

46:48

back in London and That's

46:51

the one about flipping outside, right? Yep. Yeah

46:55

No, it's a yes, it's the capital to

46:57

upper deck which is you know, we do it in the

47:02

Ivy a pooper over the side. That's what I

47:05

think Yeah on the

47:07

plank that's over the deck move on the plank Yeah,

47:11

because it is the poop deck sure

47:14

Well, I forgot the kitchen. What is the poop? But

47:17

stop for poop. No, that's the galley. All right.

47:19

Yeah. Yeah, that's the galley The

47:22

poop deck just is the deck I think.

47:24

Oh Sometimes

47:26

the pirates life, you know from like pirates

47:29

and pins ants with Kevin Klein and everybody

47:31

wearing leather pants You guys see that on

47:33

PBS? Oh You're

47:36

like it's so romanticizes pirates and you're

47:38

like they were pooping on each other

47:41

How do we get back to this? I

47:45

apologize so much to everyone listening Repeatedly

47:48

I would anyone listening while eating

47:51

Here we are the poop deck according to

47:53

Wikipedia in naval architecture is a deck that

47:55

forms the roof of a cabin built in

47:57

the rear or aft part

47:59

of the superstructure of a ship. The name

48:01

originates from the French word for stern,

48:04

la poupe, from the Latin pupus. It

48:06

is technically a stern deck, which in

48:08

sailing ships was usually elevated

48:11

as the roof of

48:13

the stern or after cabin, also known as the

48:15

poop cabin or simply the poop. It

48:18

sounds like pout-suite, sort of, or whatever,

48:20

by the May Day or bastardization of

48:22

French. On sailing ships, the

48:24

helmsman would steer the craft from the quarter deck

48:26

immediately in front of the poop deck. At the

48:29

stern, the poop deck provides an elevated position

48:31

ideal for observation. While the main purpose of

48:33

the poop is adding buoyancy to the aft,

48:36

on a sailing ship, the cabin is also used

48:38

as an accommodation for the shipmaster and officers. Also

48:42

on modern motorized warships, the ship functions which

48:44

are once carried out on the poop deck

48:46

have been moved to the bridge, usually located

48:49

in a superstructure. Right,

48:51

like in the middle, that kind of

48:53

thing. I've seen those. Where

48:56

the captain's log is, also unrelated to poop. Yeah.

49:00

Sorry. I was... I'm

49:02

sorry. I

49:10

have a science thing. I swear I could get us

49:12

back to some science with the moon thing. As

49:14

we're talking about shoot the moon, it just so happens

49:16

in the last week I saw that dumb meme or

49:18

I don't know who the quotes attributed to but shoot

49:21

for the moon. Even if you miss, you'll

49:23

land among the stars and not

49:26

to be the guy who takes

49:28

metaphorical things literally but that just

49:31

exemplifies. I think there are so many people

49:33

who really don't know anything about space and

49:35

just think everything up there is pretty close

49:38

to everything else up there and it's so

49:40

much farther. I was like, I wonder how

49:42

many times the distance the moon is from

49:44

us, the nearest star is. What would

49:46

you guys guess? If the

49:49

distance from us to the moon is one, what would

49:51

you guess the distance to the nearest star is? Oh,

49:53

the nearest star, not up. So it's just... Because like

49:55

the quote is shoot for the moon. If you miss,

49:57

you'll land among the stars. Sun

50:00

is. It turns out

50:02

there's a neat ratio of all these things that

50:04

it just happened to find out. So the nearest

50:06

star is 100 million times farther away

50:09

than the moon. Oh,

50:11

wow. And it also just so happens the sun

50:13

is 100 million miles away from us. So

50:15

saying shoot for the moon, even if you miss,

50:17

you'll land among the stars. It's like saying shoot

50:19

for Glendale. Even if you miss, you'll land on

50:21

the sun. It's

50:24

so not anywhere near anything you're

50:26

talking about. Right. It's

50:29

horrible, which is weird. Yeah. Anyway,

50:34

that's Andy takes things literally corner. Thank

50:36

you for indulging. Yeah,

50:38

I love it. I often think that when people say

50:40

that, but I tried to not, I kind of hold

50:43

it in. Yeah, I'm not

50:45

going to say it to anybody. It's just like, I

50:47

was also, I got a stargazing thing and someone

50:49

couldn't believe the moon wasn't always, the moon wasn't

50:52

up that night. She's like, wait, where? No,

50:54

what do you mean? It's nighttime. The moon's like,

50:56

you think the moon is always out at night? How did

50:58

you get through 30 years of life? You

51:01

haven't just been outside at night and noticed it's not

51:03

always out. People

51:06

just don't know basic things.

51:09

No, they don't. I mean, sometimes I don't

51:11

know basic things, but not those,

51:14

not basic. Right.

51:18

You do know with some confidence that the moon

51:20

is smaller than the Earth. I

51:23

don't understand how that works. I'm

51:25

amazed at how little we know

51:27

about our bodies, like where

51:30

it's just, you know, like if you

51:32

walked down the street and I think asked a bunch

51:34

of people like, where's your spleen? What does it

51:36

do? I'd be in trouble

51:38

on that one. Me too. Right.

51:41

Right. But that's like in us, that's not

51:44

even like outer space. That's like all up in you. And

51:46

I'm just like, I don't fucking know. Like

51:50

this is weird to me that like, I don't

51:52

even know how I work. So don't ask me

51:54

how to explain like my

51:56

car's engine. Like

51:59

me, I don't even know. me

52:01

yeah you know I

52:03

got nothing like I

52:07

learned what a pancreas did at

52:09

some point no I guess that's blood sugar related right is

52:11

the main thing dangerous

52:13

makes insulin yeah yeah yeah pancreas

52:15

is insulin I'm 90% sure I'm

52:18

now googling

52:20

it to make sure we're not saying something wrong on the podcast again

52:23

if you wanted to see somebody's pancreas

52:25

without an x-ray if you wanted to do

52:27

some surgery you probably

52:29

need some tools tools

52:32

which you know

52:34

at least as far as I know in

52:36

Eastern Asia have only existed for what 5,000

52:38

years probably oh

52:43

I feel a transition coming on

52:45

I'd be surprised oh yeah about

52:48

it turns out no

52:50

tools are so new in Eastern Asia which is I

52:52

think that's an interesting fact I think I want to

52:54

put out there well

52:57

actually I beg to differ it turns out that for 45,000 year

52:59

old tools and bones revealed evidence of Homo

53:04

sapiens in Eastern Asia this

53:07

is per science alert comm fragments

53:09

of ancient rock and bone in Eastern Asia are

53:12

changing our understanding of the history of human migration

53:14

their artifacts found in the she you site

53:17

of northeastern China and new analysis has revealed

53:19

they were created by Homo sapiens some 45,000

53:22

years ago sorry Jesse it's

53:24

the earliest evidence of modern humans in Eastern

53:26

Asia suggesting that Homo sapiens were

53:28

established at Shia by then and provoking a

53:30

new interpretation of the cultural artifacts previously

53:33

found at the site the site

53:35

reflects a process of cultural creolization

53:37

the contact between societies and

53:39

relocated peoples blending inherited

53:41

traits with novel innovations thus complicated

53:44

and traditional understanding of Homo sapiens

53:46

global expansion explains archaeologist

53:48

Francesco D'erico of the University of

53:50

Bordeaux oh she

53:53

you has been known for decades as

53:55

a place of archaeological significance it was

53:57

inhabited for a long time the sedimentary

53:59

sequence is 30 meters deep and

54:01

the layers therein were deposited over

54:04

tens of thousands of years. Buried

54:06

in the sediment, archaeologists have found a rich assortment of

54:08

tools and artifacts made and used by the people who

54:10

live there. Establishing who those people

54:13

were and how long they lived there has been

54:15

an ongoing project. The first

54:17

excavation in 1963 yielded thousands

54:20

of objects, 15,000 stone artifacts, thousands

54:22

of pieces of bone and teeth, and

54:25

one single hominid fossil, a

54:27

piece of skull bone identified as belonging to Homo

54:29

sapiens. However most of the

54:31

collection was subsequently lost. Nice work guys. What?

54:34

Including the skull fragments. Oh wait, I'm

54:36

always losing my skull fragments. It's embarrassing.

54:40

Undeterred scientists undertook another excavation in

54:42

2013 led by

54:45

paleoanthropologist Xi Zhaoyang.

54:48

Undeterred is not the poop deck by the way. One

54:51

of the Chinese Academy of Science is

54:53

an internationally multidisciplinary team has now worked

54:55

to characterize this site in detail. They

54:59

selected a large number of the

55:01

available artifacts, analyzed them closely, they

55:03

studied animal bones, founded the site,

55:05

and they performed new dating analysis

55:07

using radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence

55:09

techniques to accurately date samples

55:11

taken from different sections. The data revealed the

55:14

very oldest layer of the sequence was deposited

55:16

around 45,000 years ago. Wow.

55:19

Because the artifacts revealed a range of

55:21

technological skills such as

55:23

the level wa technique as

55:25

we all know for napping

55:27

stone, that's K-N-A-P-P-I-N-G. Oh

55:30

yes, you got to nap your stones. Darn

55:33

your socks and nap your stones, I always say.

55:36

And stone napping was developed in Europe around 250,000 years ago.

55:41

What is this technique? I wonder if it's a

55:43

link. There's an HTML, oh it goes to the

55:47

Wikipedia page. It's a name given by, the

55:49

level wa technique is a name given by archaeologists

55:51

to a distinctive type of stone napping developed around

55:53

250,000 to 300,000 years ago during the

55:57

Middle Paleolithic period. the

56:00

Meustyrian stone tool industry and was used by

56:02

the Neanderthals in Europe and modern humans in

56:04

other regions such as the Levant. It's

56:07

named after 19th century finds of

56:09

flint tools in the Lavalois-Perre suburb of

56:11

Paris. The technique was more

56:13

sophisticated than earlier methods of lithic reduction

56:16

involving the striking of lithic flakes from

56:18

a prepared lithic core. A

56:20

striking platform is formed at one end, and

56:22

then the core's edges are trimmed by flaking

56:24

off pieces around the outline of the intended

56:27

lithic flake. This creates a domed shape on

56:29

the core known as a tortoise core, as

56:31

the various scars are reinforced and remissed into

56:33

the tortoise shell. When the striking

56:35

platform is finally hit, a lithic flake separates

56:38

from the core with distinctive

56:40

plano convex profile and

56:42

with all its edges sharpened by the earlier

56:44

trimming work. How is that

56:47

different from... I

56:49

think this is a cause for YouTubeification.

56:51

I'm checking it out on YouTube to see

56:53

if I can see someone doing the Lavalois

56:55

technique. I sort of

56:57

get it. I'm surprised that stone does break in

56:59

the way that that animation shows on

57:02

Wikipedia. Oh, I see. On Wikipedia... Okay, there's

57:04

a little... So you're making like little indentations

57:07

all around the outside of a

57:11

semi-flat stone, and that enables you to more

57:13

easily shear off the top of the stone

57:15

to make it sharper. Okay, that

57:18

makes sense. So again, I think Arrowhead sort of... Yeah,

57:20

so say you've got something that is going to be an

57:22

Arrowhead, and I'm just trying to describe it to people who

57:25

are just audio only, and I'm not looking at the link,

57:27

or that we will put the link in the story. So

57:30

say you've got like a sort of rounded

57:32

semi-flat stone, and you want to

57:34

make it thinner and therefore sharper,

57:37

rather than just trying to shear off the top surface to

57:39

make it thinner. First, you kind of hit

57:41

all around the edges, all

57:44

around the outside, and then that

57:46

makes it easier for the top to shear off. So

57:48

you're making like this kind of like tortoise-shell shaped

57:52

bangs all around the edge

57:54

in the front, and

57:56

then that helps you kind of shear it off. Okay, that's

57:58

interesting. That's different.

58:00

I get that. I feel like that's good for us

58:02

to know. This is a helpful thing for when we

58:04

go back to after the

58:06

next apocalypse. Yeah, these are all I'll

58:08

be watching some of the people who didn't listen to

58:10

this episode or read this Wikipedia article who were just

58:12

trying to bang their rocks on a stone and go

58:15

like, you got to love them while this one. Yeah,

58:17

we're out here Flintnapping, y'all. Yeah,

58:19

I'm always when I'm at a friend's house and

58:21

they have un-napped stones. I'm out of there. I'm

58:24

out of there. No, thanks. I

58:26

bet there's someone listening who's like, these guys don't

58:29

know about napping. He's got just stones in his

58:31

lap and he's listening. Yeah,

58:34

this is yeah, this is what he looks like

58:36

when he naps. You guys are just going through

58:38

life with un-napped stones? Geez. But

58:41

now I wonder, did you guys ever eat at a

58:44

Bill Naps restaurant? I think it was a Midwestern chain.

58:47

I have not heard of that. I have not. Sort of

58:49

like a Bob Evans or a... Not

58:51

heard of that either. Are you making up names? You

58:54

guys don't have Bill Naps or Bob Evans.

58:56

You were like a Rob Saunders. I don't

58:58

even know what we're talking about. Yeah, Bill

59:00

Naps. I know all about... It's like Jimmy

59:02

Black's or a... Or

59:05

a Sarah Sadie's. Yeah. It's

59:08

not Sarah Sadie's, but it's... No, Bob Evans. I'm

59:10

very familiar with Bob Evans. I don't believe any

59:12

of these other things exist either. Wait, no one's

59:15

heard of Bob Evans or Bill Naps? No, I have.

59:17

I haven't. Bob Evans, I got one up the street,

59:19

but I haven't heard of Bill Naps. Anyway,

59:21

I was just wondering if Naps might be one

59:23

of those names like Cooper or Fletcher that I

59:25

just didn't know was a job-based name. But now

59:27

I'm reading about the demise of Bill Naps on

59:30

Wikipedia, the downfall section. Did

59:33

he go to sleep? Stop!

59:35

No. Oh, no. Oh,

59:37

no. Oh, there

59:40

was a Listeria outbreak in the early 90s. Oh,

59:43

wait. Another reason for the shift away from

59:45

Made From Scratch philosophy was the Listeria outbreak

59:47

in the early 90s. Okay, I

59:49

guess they were about made from scratch and then they ceased to

59:52

be that once. They saw the reason

59:54

you can't scale that. And then

59:56

by 2001, Bill Naps tried to... course

1:00:00

by announcing that the tradition is back but

1:00:03

by then it was too late oh Bill

1:00:06

naps it's been gone for 22 years I

1:00:09

had no idea hmm anyway

1:00:12

he's back to just whacking stones I guess oh yeah

1:00:16

that's what you gotta do yeah

1:00:18

there is

1:00:20

also by the way some some of

1:00:22

our listeners some of Japanese listeners may be more

1:00:24

familiar with their you but sue technique which

1:00:27

was proposed by Japanese scholar Yoshikaze

1:00:30

in 1961 based on his finds in

1:00:32

some up up paleolithic sites in Hokkaido

1:00:35

which date from around

1:00:37

13,000 BP what

1:00:39

is BP British petroleum

1:00:43

yeah I've never I've never

1:00:45

heard of BP as a as a timing thing

1:00:49

BP is I mean oil

1:00:51

is changing everything oil investors

1:00:53

really own everything probably before

1:00:55

petroleum so in the year

1:00:57

of our shell 19 year

1:00:59

of our shell okay

1:01:02

so rather rather

1:01:04

than using a D and B C which like knocks

1:01:07

around 2,000 years of our current date

1:01:10

on weirdly unnecessarily if you're an archaeologist

1:01:12

and you're talking about significantly longer stretches

1:01:14

BP simply means before the present the

1:01:18

number before the presence the

1:01:20

present changes every year archaeologists

1:01:22

by convention use 1980 1950

1:01:25

as their reference what

1:01:28

ridiculous I had no idea I had

1:01:31

no idea I had no idea either of those

1:01:34

things so you work that into

1:01:36

Indiana Jones and we all would have learned

1:01:38

something massive failing on George

1:01:41

Lucas massive failing they just froze

1:01:43

the concept of the present and

1:01:45

made it the past like little

1:01:47

weird yeah but but you know

1:01:50

this is something archaea yeah you're

1:01:52

you're gonna like 50 years I

1:01:54

guess I guess me yeah

1:01:58

at a certain point I guess as archaeology

1:02:00

continues for centuries as a scientific

1:02:03

discipline, that will become more and

1:02:05

more silly and no

1:02:07

more of a stretch than going BC. Yeah.

1:02:09

Huh. Yeah,

1:02:12

there we go. I love that I

1:02:14

learned about napping, the level

1:02:16

of technique, and BP today though. These are

1:02:18

all, uh... Yep, and that's

1:02:21

all that we talked about. Everyone

1:02:23

remember that's the only... That's

1:02:25

it. The only

1:02:28

subjects brought up. So everybody just

1:02:30

remember that part. Yeah, we

1:02:32

should wrap up the main episode. We'll do an extra

1:02:34

story, you know, full of... I

1:02:36

know the Patreon patrons like some toilet humor, so

1:02:38

we might put some of that in in their

1:02:41

bit. I mean that was a huge amount

1:02:43

of this episode. I don't think

1:02:45

so. I think it was mostly

1:02:48

napping. Yep, yep. Mostly... I'm gonna

1:02:50

guess 81%. Pretty clean stuff, so

1:02:52

I don't really see the issue.

1:02:58

Leah, where can our listeners find you and everything

1:03:00

you're doing? All

1:03:02

my social media is at Leah

1:03:04

Bonama, which is at L-E-H-B

1:03:06

as in Bravo, O-N as in Nick,

1:03:08

N as in Nick, E-M as in

1:03:11

Mary, A. You gotta spell that when

1:03:13

there's N's and N's, you know? And

1:03:15

then check out our podcast that I

1:03:17

co-host with Nicholas Leighton at Were You

1:03:19

Raised by Wolves. And

1:03:22

that's a family friendly podcast as well.

1:03:24

Family friendly! It's G-rated and

1:03:26

then you can check out my

1:03:28

comedy, which is most certainly not

1:03:30

that. So

1:03:34

go do check out those. You can

1:03:37

find us, probablyscience.com, that's the website where

1:03:39

we put all our episodes up and

1:03:41

also links to the stories we cover

1:03:44

and our links to our Patreon and

1:03:46

PayPal websites,

1:03:49

whatever you call them, accounts, so that you

1:03:51

can help support the show financially, we appreciate

1:03:53

that, and you'll get some extra

1:03:56

content as well at a certain Patreon level.

1:03:58

You can find us on Twitter at... at

1:04:00

probablyscience. You can find us individually at Andy

1:04:02

T. Wood, at Jesse Case, where you can

1:04:04

find a picture of snow with spray paint

1:04:06

on it, and

1:04:08

at Matt Gershon. And

1:04:11

you can email us if you have any

1:04:13

questions, comments, clarifications, stories you would like us

1:04:15

to cover, probablyscience@gmail.com is the address for that.

1:04:18

But for the main episode, Leah, thank you so

1:04:20

much for joining us. Thank you so

1:04:22

much for having me. This was so fun. And

1:04:25

listeners, see you next time.