0:07

Welcome to the talks at

0:09

Google Podcast were great minds

0:11

meet. I'm. Tanya bringing the this

0:14

week's episode with Sarah Miller Caltech.

0:16

Caught. Talks that

0:18

Google brings the world's most

0:20

influential thinkers, creators, makers, and.

0:22

Doers all to one place. Every episode

0:24

is taken from a video that can

0:27

be seen. You to.com/talks

0:29

at Google Sarah Milled

0:31

or Caltha caught the

0:33

Greek grandniece of Thomas

0:35

Edison visits Google to discuss

0:37

her book Innovate like

0:39

Addison, the five steps

0:41

system for breakthrough business

0:43

success. Thomas. Edison is counted

0:46

among the greatest innovators in

0:48

American history. Edison's focused on

0:51

practical accomplishment set the stage

0:53

for America's global leadership and

0:55

innovation. Now for the first

0:58

time ever innovate like Edison

1:00

translates the best practices of

1:03

the supreme American inventor into

1:05

contemporary terms to help today's

1:07

leaders harness their own innovative

1:10

potential with her unique insight

1:12

and expertise. Caltech Car. Introduces

1:15

a carefully researched, easy to

1:17

apply system of five success

1:19

secrets inspired by the creative

1:21

methods of Edison himself, Presented

1:23

and a step by step,

1:25

fashion innovate like Addison provides

1:27

the tools and strategies you

1:29

need to compete and win

1:31

in the business world and

1:33

in everyday life. What they

1:35

are an amateur or an

1:37

executive innovate like Addison, it

1:39

is a powerful tool that

1:41

will enable you to revamp

1:43

and revitalize. Your own creative

1:45

genius and thrive in today's

1:47

culture of innovation. Originally.

1:50

Published in February. two thousand

1:52

and Eight here is Sarah

1:55

Miller Caltha caught innovate like

1:57

Addison. Hi.

2:01

Rona. Thanks for coming today! We're very

2:03

happy to have Sir And Alert called

2:05

The Caught to speak the city about

2:07

her new book and innovate like Addison,

2:09

The successes some of America's greatest inventor

2:11

ah I think we can all agree

2:13

there's just flip a coin is interests

2:15

in the figure like Thomas Edison, a

2:17

name that for many of us we

2:19

grew up like has become synonymous with

2:22

innovation and invention and creativity. Ah I'm

2:24

Edison was needless to say when I'm

2:26

most prolific inventors ah I'm in history

2:28

and to the stay remain interested in

2:30

learning more. About what made him a

2:32

unique and how he was able to

2:34

accomplish so much. How did you do

2:36

these things like him? What lessons can

2:38

we take away from his great success

2:41

as an inventor and innovators? Incorporate our

2:43

own for personal and professional law lives.

2:46

In this is a very funny side note I

2:48

can't help but remember there is the Simpsons episode

2:50

in which the kind of emulated the surface

2:52

the creativity. I was Thomas Edison whom are defensive

2:55

like as a chair and a. Hammer.

2:57

Something. but it's a funny way

2:59

of showing that's out. There is

3:01

a certain cultural relevance and this

3:03

sort of the last thing. Interesting

3:05

figure, Thomas Edison. ah, in her

3:07

book Sarah talks about the yeah

3:09

five competencies of innovation, which one

3:11

can point to that helped propel

3:13

at us into his his Ruiz

3:15

astonishing prolific career as an inventor.

3:17

And the numbers are really quite

3:19

impressive, with over almost eleven hundred

3:21

U S patterns in one thousand,

3:23

Two hundred Ninety three international patterns

3:25

over sixty two years. Ah,

3:28

In in of course being Google and

3:30

Innovation intervention being very near and dear

3:32

to all of our hearts arms were

3:34

very lucky to have Sarah who's also

3:36

grant fragrance of Thomas Edison. So.

3:39

Well, hopefully we'll be able to learn some insights

3:41

from her. And with that being said, what's more

3:43

conservative a will threat. To

3:48

Hamas and. Israel and on

3:50

our and a pleasure to be

3:52

here. I have sat sale. To

3:55

our campus on Monday with a

3:57

friend Elizabeth Taylor and I was.

4:00

Absolutely astonished that all the things

4:02

I've read an article about what

4:04

it's like here for actually true.

4:07

I found all the food amazing,

4:09

all of the images posted everywhere,

4:12

the excitement of the people, the

4:14

conversations that clearly take place everywhere

4:16

in in all circumstances to be

4:19

extraordinary. So I'm really, really honored

4:21

to be here with all of

4:23

you today. So

4:26

as Tyler said, what I'd like

4:28

to do is tell you little

4:30

bit about this book that I've

4:32

just completed last year in October

4:34

called Innovate Like Edison the Success

4:36

System of America's greatest Inventor. One

4:38

of the things that so amazing

4:41

about this work is that it's

4:43

the first time anyone has ever

4:45

tried to document Edison's innovation process.

4:47

Over seventy books have been written

4:49

about Thomas Edison, but only a

4:51

handful have been written by been

4:54

people. So this is a

4:56

very unique slant that I was able to take

4:58

through the research that I did and I'll talk

5:00

about that in just a moment. One

5:03

of the other extraordinary things was

5:05

was able to gain access to

5:07

archive material on Edison at Rutgers

5:09

University. Has been a huge project

5:12

underway since Nineteen Seventy Nine called

5:14

the Edison Papers Project. Have any

5:16

do heard of this? I had

5:18

not heard of it and just

5:20

a few of you have. At.

5:23

Rutgers, A whole team of historians

5:25

as been cataloguing the over five

5:27

million pages of notebooks, business correspondence,

5:30

and personal correspondence that Edison and

5:32

his teams left to the world.

5:34

He lived to be eighty four

5:36

years old, and he worked as

5:38

a business person for sixty two

5:40

of those eighty four years. So

5:42

that's a lot of outputs with

5:44

a very prolific man. So some

5:46

of what you see today will

5:48

is reflective of the research that

5:50

I did. One

5:52

more bit of background and and

5:54

will get started. I have spent

5:56

twelve years and industry working as

5:58

the Quaker Oats. Penny which

6:00

is now Pepsico, and Helene

6:03

Curtis which is now Unilever

6:05

in brand development and product

6:07

development. So I've had opportunities

6:09

to work with research and

6:12

development people, manufacturing, sales, advertising

6:14

agencies really the whole gamut

6:16

of what it takes introducing

6:18

new product. I've also had

6:21

an opportunity to work overseas,

6:23

primarily in Japan, Australia, Scandinavia,

6:25

and Europe. so in my

6:27

book I really brought to

6:29

bear. Those experiences on the

6:32

ground really putting projects together, products

6:34

together for real people and then

6:36

balancing that with our the last

6:38

eight years or so we're have

6:40

been a consultant entrepreneurs so there's

6:42

sort of both of the big

6:45

business in the. Small business

6:47

perspective reflector. As

6:49

we go through, if you guys have any

6:51

questions, you're welcome to just raise your hand.

6:53

Be happy to address it. Ah, and certainly

6:55

after we can have some to further dialogue

6:57

about the book on. As Tyler said, they'll

6:59

be some books here shortly and I'll be

7:02

saying them so everyone can get a. A

7:04

signed copy. Six.

7:07

Point: Seven billion dollars.

7:10

How many their think that's a lot of money. And

7:14

hey, Some of you

7:16

holding out for a little

7:18

more bizarre, a six point

7:20

seven billion Us dollars is

7:22

the estimated market value of

7:24

the industry's established by Thomas

7:26

Edison's patterns in Nineteen Ten.

7:30

That seizure today would exceed

7:32

one hundred one billion dollars.

7:35

And that was just the market value

7:37

for the first forty years of Edison's

7:39

career, He had more

7:41

than twenty years left of inventing.

7:44

So we can be sure that that

7:46

one hundred billion dollars is a very

7:48

conservative figure. And it

7:50

does not include one of his

7:52

most profitable products, the Storage Battery

7:55

Hominid. You knew that Thomas Edison

7:57

invented the world's first awful and

7:59

storage batteries. I write down

8:01

in the front here you get

8:03

a golf carts. This Barry was

8:05

about the size of a thermos

8:07

and it was made of nickel

8:09

and iron. That was the first battery

8:11

to bring nettles together rather than

8:13

liquids and Addison's era chemicals were

8:15

used to drive electrochemical currents. We

8:17

can talk a little bit about

8:19

that later he likes but very

8:21

possible product was not included in

8:23

that one hundred billion dollars. nor

8:26

were the patents the he sold

8:28

and little later. I'll give you

8:30

an example. Of an industry that I'm sure

8:32

you have all. Taken.

8:34

Part in. That Edison created

8:36

but the sold patents to. So

8:39

let's get started here. I

8:41

was really astonished to learn new facts

8:44

about Edison as I was doing my

8:46

research. It was extraordinary to learn, for

8:48

example, that she was really a collaborator.

8:51

I guess my primary impression of Edison

8:53

with as he worked pretty much on

8:55

his own and maybe with a handful

8:58

of people. but that's actually not true.

9:00

He had dozens of people, even hundreds

9:02

of people working with him in his

9:05

laboratories especially as the height of the

9:07

electrical power development, and thousands of people

9:09

in his manufacturing operations. So a

9:12

very diverse man with

9:14

tremendous business, scientific and

9:16

invention accomplishments. Tyler

9:19

mentioned that I'm a great grandniece

9:21

of Thomas Edison. Give you just

9:23

a real quick history of my

9:25

family. The settlement is seen. The

9:27

lower left is my great great

9:29

grandfather, Louis Miller. He had ninety

9:32

two patents and eleven children. To

9:35

is a very busy guy

9:37

and he invented agricultural equipment.

9:39

His. Most famous invention is in

9:42

the Smithsonian as told the Buckeye More

9:44

and Reaper and it was a an

9:46

instrument that allow the farmer to go

9:49

to the field with the mules and

9:51

horses caught the brain and bind it

9:53

and one pass. So. That

9:55

laborers didn't have to come back into

9:57

the field and then create the she's.

10:00

Then several years later he had some

10:02

further patents that created a mechanical arm

10:05

allowing the driver to reach down with

10:07

this medal and wouldn't arm pit that

10:09

the she's a grain and put it

10:11

in the cart behind him. So

10:14

again eliminating another pass through the

10:16

field. And that was the

10:18

precursor to the modern Combine harvester. So

10:21

for it these accomplishments loose Miller says,

10:23

as I mentioned in the Smithsonian Institution

10:25

with some of these inventions and isn't

10:27

the national inventors whole thing? My

10:31

great grandfather. Was. Louis

10:33

Miller's. Says child. Whose

10:36

name was Robert Earnest and Miller who's

10:38

not shown here, but his younger sister.

10:40

Minor was the southern child and you

10:42

see her here in the middle of

10:44

the same scenario. Thomas Edison. In

10:47

a teenage sex after he had

10:49

already become a world famous figure

10:51

to see. Give you some perspective.

10:53

And eighteen Seventy Six Addison designed

10:55

and built Menlo Park in Menlo

10:57

Park, New Jersey. Some people I

10:59

speak to still think it's Miller

11:01

Park, California. But.

11:04

In. Menlo Park, New Jersey. He invented

11:06

the Phonograph and eighteen Suddenly Seven and

11:08

they intend Us Electric Light and Eighteen

11:11

Seventy Nine and then went on to

11:13

invent the movies in the eighteen eighties

11:15

and more into the eighteen nineties. So

11:17

a very, very prolific part of his

11:20

career was established at National Park. The

11:23

other figure that you see here in

11:25

the upper right is my grandfather Robert

11:27

Anderson Miller the second who invented Hurt

11:30

Your Life Glass or what we today

11:32

would call shatterproof glass and this invention

11:34

of first appeared in the windshield of

11:36

Chrysler. Automobiles. So growing up we always

11:38

had Chrysler cars and they could never

11:41

figure out why until I got older.

11:43

But it was. Really a very interesting

11:45

heritage to receive. I learned about all

11:47

of this and I was about seven

11:49

years old. I had an Edison Phonograph

11:51

in my room. It

11:54

was one of those wouldn't bases with the

11:56

gold strongly letters on at the said Edison

11:58

and a big brass horn. Never seen

12:00

a a phonograph like that's it was a

12:02

real phonograph and also had the cylindrical records

12:05

and a sleeve so I would listen to

12:07

those. On the one side of

12:09

my room and then on the other

12:11

side I had a rectangular photo phonograph

12:13

with round flat records that were forty

12:16

fives and some of you in here

12:18

Marion from the Full Hippos are, But

12:20

that was really what set up my

12:22

fascination. With products. How to

12:24

products change over time? Wise.

12:26

As a change what shifts

12:28

consumer perceptions of interest in

12:30

products and technologies so that

12:33

dichotomy between those phonograph was

12:35

really was sort of set

12:37

me on my journey. This

12:40

is my wonderful call author Michael Dell,

12:43

but he is a genius thinking expert

12:45

and has written ten other books. You

12:47

can see one of them here: How

12:49

to think like Leonardo Da Vinci. some

12:51

of you may have had a chance

12:53

to read it. He was just a

12:55

wonderful collaborator with me on this effort

12:58

and help me really hone down my

13:00

research and bring the book together. So

13:02

Michael and Q. How.

13:06

Many of you knew that Menlo

13:08

Park with the world's first research

13:11

and Development laboratory. I

13:14

know, I didn't know that and this

13:16

is certainly something that my sixth grade

13:18

social studies teacher never mentioned. So as

13:20

we think about Thomas Edison and all

13:22

his accomplishments, one of the very first

13:24

things we need to remember is that

13:26

Edison invented. Are. In the. We

13:29

would not even how research in the

13:31

mountains as they had it not been

13:33

for House Addison. So has he done

13:35

nothing else? This process innovation would have

13:37

put him in the history books. So

13:40

very important for us to really look

13:43

at Edison's systematic approach to innovation as

13:45

created by this notion of are. indeed.

13:47

So that's it. We're going a spend

13:50

some. Time talking about to day

13:52

before we get. Into what I call

13:54

the five Competencies of innovation, I want to

13:56

give this a quick few highlights of some

13:58

the things I didn't know. That Edison

14:00

the I found very instructive as

14:02

I was doing my work. The

14:04

first is that she had less

14:07

than three months of formal schooling.

14:09

How many The new Thomas Edison was home

14:11

schooled. Okay, a

14:14

couple of years. That was new information

14:16

to me. His mother was a retired

14:18

school teacher. The teachers that he had at

14:20

about the age of eleven or twelve really

14:22

could not handle Thomas. He was a

14:24

kinesthetic learner and kinesthetic learners are are wonderful

14:26

because they like to touch things and feel

14:29

things and take them apart and put

14:31

them back together. So he would already have

14:33

this laptop completely taken apart. He would

14:35

have this ah camera here already disassembled on

14:37

the camera in the back of the room.

14:40

He would have already wanted to take

14:42

that apart and see how. It worked.

14:44

Miss is how as he said

14:46

he made facts his own. To

14:49

take things apart, study them and hold

14:51

them. And is that

14:53

is is Laboratories at West Orange

14:55

which was his second laboratory. He

14:58

actually had things that she would

15:00

keep and his library bark. Feathers.

15:03

Soil. Chemical Power

15:05

Powder all kinds of problems and he

15:08

would hold on to see with the

15:10

essence of them was. And

15:12

that was said, Thomas Edison can

15:14

go to the essence of things at

15:17

once. So this is part of

15:19

his learning styles as part of how we look

15:21

at the world. This kinesthetic morning a pitch. As

15:24

well, she had a huge library

15:27

in his office. The West Orange

15:29

Light Laboratory was three stories tall

15:31

and at one end was his

15:34

office. And. It was in the

15:36

library which was also three stories tall.

15:38

It had ten thousand volumes which was

15:40

one of the top five largest library.

15:43

of that era. So imagine working in a

15:45

place is hobby not unlike Google where you

15:47

have access to in a search engine capability

15:49

and from get to all the libraries of

15:52

the world. But in

15:54

the eighties, seventies and eighteen eighties,

15:56

this was an extraordinary thing. Access

15:58

to Physics happen. Chemistry.

16:01

Text books, The classics, The minutes

16:03

of proceedings of the Royal Academy

16:05

of Science in England. He would

16:07

have these things shift over. So

16:09

these are the kinds of arm

16:11

and resources that Edison and his

16:13

team have access. To really

16:15

extraordinary. He established

16:18

five industries, and I'll talk

16:20

about that later. Something I

16:22

really had not really imagined

16:24

beyond recorded sound in the

16:26

movies and electrical power. He

16:28

also was instrumental in pioneering

16:30

telecommunications and portable power. As

16:32

I said before with the

16:34

battery. So we

16:36

see an Edison and

16:38

extraordinary combination of and

16:41

innovation culture plus judicial

16:43

processes creating speed. And

16:46

this is what we need today.

16:48

Innovation is the game changer in

16:50

the global economy. If we can

16:52

find ways of ringing pulsar processing

16:54

speed together, then you really can

16:56

create competitive advantage. For a lot

16:58

of clues that Edison gives us,

17:00

and one of them is creating

17:02

flat organizations. I'll talk more about

17:04

that. Edison's organization looked like this.

17:06

Most of our organizations today was

17:08

like this don't say the industrial

17:11

age how many if you're familiar

17:13

with sort of the pyramid structure

17:15

of organization. Now, Google strikes

17:17

me as being very flat, and

17:19

that's actually very Germane and relevant

17:22

to a twenty first century organizations.

17:24

Half new, faster, a half of

17:26

his bladder, more net worked, more

17:29

node or rather than more pyramid

17:31

like. So there's a lot that

17:33

you guys are doing right here

17:36

that Edison would would smile about.

17:39

So let's get into the five competencies.

17:43

I. Identified this competencies by seeing

17:45

patterns in what Edison was doing.

17:47

That Again, I was looking at

17:49

what has worked. Out. Was

17:51

like from the perspective of a

17:54

business person, not a historian. I

17:56

wanted to know how Edison was

17:58

so successful, how he treated. Fans.

18:01

How his mind worked, whereas historians cindy

18:03

be much more interested in what. So

18:06

the first consists of innovation.

18:08

Here is solution centered mindset.

18:10

The second is kaleidoscopic thinking.

18:12

The third full spectrum engagement.

18:15

The. Fourth, competency is mastermind collaboration

18:17

and the fifth as full

18:19

spectrum engagement. Now, each of

18:22

these competencies has a cluster

18:24

of what I call elements

18:26

within them. And there

18:28

are five elements for each

18:31

of the five competencies. So

18:33

by bringing the prophecies and

18:36

skills and believe together. That.

18:38

Are present in each of these

18:40

competencies. That's how we create competitive

18:42

advantage for. I'm going to go

18:44

into ah some depth on families

18:46

for you and give you an

18:48

idea of what these are like.

18:51

Innovation Literacy is one other concept

18:54

that my cause when I introduced

18:56

in the book. Innovation Literacy is

18:59

really. A new turn. A new

19:01

way for us to think about. How

19:03

how much do we know about

19:05

innovation? How conscious are we on

19:07

the innovation prophecies that we under

19:09

Though you can see the school

19:11

here from Peter Drucker. Every business

19:14

needs one cor competence and not

19:16

innovation. So today the

19:18

goal is, how do we raise

19:20

these five competencies to the center

19:22

of the plate? How do we

19:24

allow any individual and any organization

19:27

in any industry is to become

19:29

more familiar with the innovation process?

19:31

Sassoli One of the key goals

19:33

of the Spock. So

19:36

starting with super such sort of

19:38

with solution centered mindset one of

19:40

the most important things for Addison

19:42

was the notion of imagination and

19:44

a notion of what solutions are

19:47

out there that as possible so

19:49

need to create as an answer

19:51

to this important question and answer

19:53

to this important challenge And fundamentally

19:55

Edison believe that there was a

19:57

solution to every. Question. He

20:00

likes to begin with his imagination. One

20:02

of the ways he does is posed

20:05

by reading. Prolifically and again,

20:07

here we see this intense interest in

20:09

knowledge, the desire to seek knowledge. It

20:11

seems to me that there are a

20:14

lot of Googlers who are very much

20:16

engaged in this process as well, seeking

20:18

knowledge of what's out there. What can

20:21

I build on that already exists? but

20:23

then give it a twist? give it

20:25

a change to make it more relevant

20:28

to now, Maybe add other pieces to

20:30

it. This is what

20:32

Edison did, so he built on the

20:34

nose of others and then. Added

20:36

to it, and sometimes of course

20:39

he came up with entirely new

20:41

knowledge He. Develops what's called

20:43

the Edison A factor discover the

20:45

Edison Effect with Eventually went on

20:47

to create the technology for vacuum

20:49

to. That happened after

20:52

his death. He did not ever

20:54

see that comes to be but

20:56

the entire era on television and

20:58

computers. Is. Built on vacuum

21:00

tube technology, so that would be an

21:02

example of a breakthrough that Edison created

21:05

through his reading and through his experimentation.

21:08

So and then a piece of the

21:10

solutions that are my said his experimentation.

21:12

How have you think of Edison in

21:14

the laboratory when you when you call

21:16

him to mold. Okay,

21:18

many of you this a sort of

21:20

how I always thought of him sitting

21:22

in his lab working intently. One

21:25

of the things I discovered about

21:27

Edison that fascinated me was also

21:29

believed nature was perfect. And

21:32

he would always start with nature

21:34

in any endeavor. First you do

21:36

the reading as I mentioned and

21:38

then he look into nature and

21:40

see what patterns can I find

21:42

hear what is connected to this

21:44

question that I have. He never

21:46

was concerned about where he started

21:48

an experiment because he knew no

21:50

matter the outcome it would connect

21:52

him to the next question and

21:54

the next answer. How we do

21:56

have ever seen the periodic table

21:58

of elements like in. The Three

22:00

for example. This was really one

22:02

of the places where Addison believed she

22:05

saw the perfection of nature and saw

22:07

the patterns in atomic structure that became

22:09

so important to his work. So

22:12

today, we don't necessarily have to

22:15

have a laboratory to experiment. We

22:17

can experiment with computers. We can

22:19

experiment was recorded sound. We can

22:22

experiment with people and interaction. So

22:25

the world of the search engine and

22:27

the world of virtual technology allows us

22:29

to experiment and lots of new ways.

22:32

And create Nasa which I know you

22:34

guys are great at so those are

22:36

time experiments to. The

22:38

second competencies Innovation. I'll just

22:40

take to quick examples here:

22:42

Kaleidoscopic thinking. How

22:45

many a few options are valuable to

22:47

have in your work? Okay,

22:50

and as a loved options that he

22:52

was very seldom satisfied when he got

22:54

an answer immediately to something does he

22:57

sell Their always had to be more

22:59

options than just the immediate outcome. So

23:01

his mind was said to work like

23:04

a kaleidoscope and a clear scope is

23:06

really through like a mini telescope and

23:08

as you turn the end is a

23:10

sort of series of patterns and colors

23:13

that you see. So I love this

23:15

quote because it's from a Western Union

23:17

Patent Attorney. Western Union was. One

23:19

of the largest companies in the

23:22

world at that time. so very

23:24

sophisticated. Patenting are technologies that they

23:26

looked at and they said basically

23:28

every time Edison Currencies had. A.

23:30

Patent pops out. So

23:32

kaleidoscopic thinking is not just about

23:35

those random ideas with throw some

23:37

spaghetti against the wall and what

23:39

sticks. These are really robust ideas

23:42

the product of whole brain thinking

23:44

techniques that Edison basically developed through

23:46

his own trial and error well

23:49

before we knew about left or

23:51

right brain hemispheres of the mind.

23:53

Neuroscience, Positive Psychology. Any of these

23:56

technologies. So I'd like

23:58

to quick example: I

24:00

therefore yeah. Addison had so

24:02

many ideas have any? Have you heard

24:04

of this term idea for yeah before?

24:07

It really isn't english word. You can.

24:09

You. Can google it and find it

24:12

says it means love of ideas

24:14

and Ellison said to have a

24:16

great idea have a lot of

24:19

them so he exercised his mental

24:21

muscles every day in this way

24:23

to techniques one and a logical

24:25

thinking. And a So

24:28

said to be and a successful

24:30

inventor innovator, he had to have

24:32

three things, one imagination which I

24:35

mentioned will earlier through persistence which

24:37

was demonstrated and his experimentation and

24:39

three the ability to see analogies

24:42

and patterns and analogy is really

24:44

looking at two things that seem

24:46

to be unlike and trying to

24:48

find out how they are alike.

24:52

Taking two things that seem to the

24:54

unlike and trying to determine how they

24:56

are like this assault Edison invented the

24:59

world's first electric circuit. You

25:01

can look on pages one of six and little

25:03

some of the book and see how we actually

25:05

went through this process. He said, well, I'm a

25:07

master to lever for. Which. To

25:10

they would be like a master

25:12

software programmer. I know everything there

25:14

is about to telegraph equipment and

25:16

how information flow through a telegraph.

25:18

I wonder if I could use

25:20

that to set up some kind

25:22

of understanding of how electricity moves.

25:24

As well. Maybe. I could create

25:26

some kind of pattern with electricity that

25:28

would I could harness it's power. And

25:31

that's how he came up the circuit. It's

25:34

also how he came up with the first

25:36

stylus. For. The photographs

25:38

so I'll let you read about

25:40

that, but looking at patterns was

25:42

very important. And secondly, a see

25:45

here. Fantastical thinking. How many of

25:47

you have heard of Jules Verne?

25:49

The Author: Jules Verne. Okay, Jules

25:51

Verne pioneered science fiction as a

25:53

genre of fiction, and he wrote

25:55

prolifically and eighteen seventies, eighties and

25:58

nineties and Edison was fact. It

26:00

would be stories. So she started doing

26:02

science fiction writing as well. Then the

26:04

book. There's a link to the thirty

26:07

three remaining pages of his science fiction

26:09

writing, but he would talk about things

26:11

like. Photography.

26:13

In total darkness. Or

26:16

lenses that could see into outer

26:18

space. Or trains that

26:20

would run on magnetic rails. Above.

26:23

The ground. This. Is

26:25

in. Pray. Twentieth

26:28

century. World. Where.

26:30

None of these things existed, but they exist

26:32

now. So they first exists

26:34

in his mind as ideas and

26:37

this kaleidoscopic approach that he would

26:39

take to generating options. So as

26:41

you read his work, you can

26:43

see his inventive mind in action.

26:46

And finally here, expressing ideas visually.

26:48

This is one way that Edison

26:50

helps maintain his flat organization. She

26:53

had people from all over the

26:55

world and has laboratories and manufacturing

26:57

facilities. People spoke many different languages

27:00

and they had lots of different

27:02

levels of education. So he used

27:04

pictures and images that he drew

27:06

not only for patent protection purposes,

27:09

but also to use as directions

27:11

and instructions so that he could

27:13

just different parts of an invention.

27:16

To different teams so that they could

27:18

work on them effectively. That way they

27:20

got to see the whole. As

27:22

well as the parents. And this

27:25

may things go faster. So

27:28

expressing ideas visual is one thing

27:30

that we can use today in

27:32

very actively. Instead of lots of

27:34

memos and lots of words we've

27:36

are, we really can use more

27:38

reliance on images. To. Make

27:41

things move faster. The

27:43

third competencies: innovation, full spectrum engagement.

27:45

One of the things that struck

27:47

me about Edison was that he

27:49

learned to work in slow and

27:51

what I mean by that was

27:53

he didn't let things bother him

27:55

or shipped him out of his

27:57

thought frame. So. As

28:00

we were working with him, you

28:02

could see him shift from subject

28:05

the subject. They always come back

28:07

to the first one and add

28:09

to his thought process. So he

28:11

learned how to navigate different spectrums

28:14

from simple to complex. From

28:16

intense. Too relaxed to

28:18

with navigate these these opposites if

28:21

you will seamlessly And he taught

28:23

his team to do this. So

28:25

here is a way that Edison

28:27

kind of managed his own stress

28:30

while also allowing his mind to

28:32

reboot and refresh itself. I was

28:34

astonished at a similar to the

28:36

Eighty Four, so some of his

28:38

his full spectrum engagement skilled allowed

28:41

him to live a long and

28:43

fruitful life sell point out to

28:45

have them here. Sharing.

28:48

And protecting here we have dynamic

28:51

tension that we see in existence

28:53

today to we take our intellectual

28:55

property and cheap at all for

28:57

ourselves. or do we share some

28:59

of it or even collaborate with

29:01

other partners maybe even outsource from

29:04

other to another body and collaborate

29:06

to create intellectual property. How me

29:08

they're familiar with this back and

29:10

forth pension we read about it

29:12

in the paper a great deal.

29:14

So this is a a big

29:17

area of innovation today. On

29:19

some of you may have heard of

29:21

open innovation organizations now trying to look

29:23

more outward for their innovation activities. A

29:26

big area of of dynamic tension in

29:28

our market place in the twenty first

29:30

century. Another key

29:33

piece with his ability to

29:35

work alone. As. Well as

29:37

his ability to work in teams. This

29:39

is probably an area that we have

29:42

the most struggles with as twenty first

29:44

Century employees or twenty first century managers.

29:46

Now here at Google, you're very fortunate

29:49

because most of New is not. All

29:51

of you have the opportunity to spend

29:53

twenty percent of your time doing something

29:55

that maybe it's unrelated to your immediate

29:58

project priorities. So there's that opera. Thirty

30:00

Two. Maybe work on your own to

30:02

generate new ideas, but in many places

30:04

he won't even have an hour in

30:06

a given day that's not filled with

30:09

a meeting. Or. Some other

30:11

activity. So Edison would

30:13

make it a point to spend

30:15

one, two, three, even four hours

30:17

a day in solitude. And

30:20

this allowed his mind to actually work

30:22

through those patterns to create those fantastical

30:24

stories to put together the pieces of

30:26

his experimental findings so that he could

30:28

come up with that next. Breakthrough.

30:31

So. Without the solitude there

30:33

was much less output. So as

30:35

we spend our time today been

30:38

able to work and sell, it

30:40

is important part of our innovation

30:42

success. I'll

30:44

talk now about Edison's work with

30:46

teams, which is the other end

30:48

of that spectrum. My quarter and

30:50

I call this mastermind collaboration. Hum

30:53

of you have heard the term mastermind before.

30:56

Okay, To Affect this is a

30:58

term also coined by Napoleon Hero

31:00

and you see the quote here.

31:02

Napoleon Hill was a contemporary of

31:04

Addison's and he wrote a wonderful

31:06

book that still in print today

31:08

called Think and Grow Rich. How

31:10

many they have ever heard of?

31:12

Of Think and Grow Rich really

31:14

is a classic of success, thinking,

31:16

technology, and many people alive today

31:18

have built entire industries around us.

31:20

So mastermind collaboration is the notion

31:22

of taking two people. Bringing.

31:24

Them together and creating a third minute.

31:28

And that third mind as

31:30

the shared ideas and the

31:32

imagination and the collaborative efforts

31:34

of those two minds. So

31:36

Edison expanded that out across

31:38

teams and in focusing their

31:40

intention on creative solutions, he

31:43

was able to generate breakthroughs.

31:46

Live in most important ways if

31:48

he does. This was to win

31:50

multiple disciplines together. So

31:53

he had physicists together with

31:55

mathematicians together with engineers together

31:57

with people who are mechanic.

32:00

The Incline or could put the prototype

32:02

together So that way all of those

32:04

learning styles all those areas of expertise

32:06

brought were brought to bear on solving

32:08

a problem. I know in

32:11

my career most of the time I spent working

32:13

with other marketing people so Will tell us is

32:15

great ideas. But. They were all

32:17

express in marketing is, and that didn't

32:19

mean that necessarily reflected any other way

32:22

of thinking about a given problem. So

32:25

how many do have access to

32:27

working in a team with multiple

32:29

disciplines? Okay, it seems

32:31

to me at Google that's one of

32:33

the philosophies here, as as you bring

32:36

together areas of knowledge that aren't always

32:38

connected forgiven projects. So this was a

32:40

very important part and Edison's prolific output

32:42

for his teens. And

32:45

other critical aspect was

32:47

the communication that existed

32:49

between the teams themselves.

32:51

to Daves is called

32:53

spontaneous interaction. It was

32:55

really a reflection of

32:57

the. Architecture. Of

33:00

the lavatories, machines in the labs

33:02

were primarily around the outside walls

33:04

on different for so people would

33:07

have to go up and down

33:09

to use machines and also crossed

33:12

the floors themselves. This brought them

33:14

into spontaneous dialogue with other people

33:16

so it wasn't forced it was

33:19

mandated but there was this natural

33:21

exchange that took place so this

33:24

ability to have dialogue easily just

33:26

like here on your campus as.

33:28

You cross from building to building or

33:31

as you sit and lounges. I'd I

33:33

noticed this on Monday when I was

33:35

walking through. This is a part of

33:38

innovation and sometimes it sort of doesn't

33:40

feel like it is that it really

33:42

is encouraging those discussions. Another kid pack

33:45

factor here that help the organization feel

33:47

flat was. Anyone could debate

33:49

Edison's himself. Edison

33:51

didn't always have such a big

33:53

ego that someone couldn't disagree with

33:56

him. And. He couldn't see another

33:58

point of view so. My

34:00

to have a flat structure without

34:02

pecking order in the last because

34:05

that allowed every to contribute ideas.

34:07

There's a. Notion. Here First

34:09

and second circle. His

34:11

teams were very modular and sometimes people

34:13

work on multiple teams at the same

34:16

time in different project areas. The first

34:18

circle where people who would leaders in

34:20

the drivers and they were the most

34:22

experienced in a given area of expertise.

34:24

The folks in the second circle or

34:26

thought about a middle level of expertise

34:29

and they were supporting the first circle.

34:31

And then surrounding them more new people who

34:34

were just coming into the organization. But all

34:36

the way through there had to be a

34:38

line of sight from those new person all

34:41

the way in to the center of a

34:43

circle. To that for circle that was critical

34:45

to As and success. And

34:48

the file Competency buses, Countersuit Innovation,

34:51

Full Spectrum and scuse Me Max

34:53

Supervalu creation. This is where we

34:56

start to see all the pieces

34:58

come together in Edison's expression of

35:00

how do we create value. How

35:03

do we bring value to the

35:05

marketplace? What do we offer? Consumers

35:08

are businesses that they don't have

35:10

Now the baby willing to pay

35:12

for this? Know. That

35:14

would delight them that was stolen or some.

35:17

You can see the definition here

35:19

of innovation that ah, my coauthor

35:21

and I selected for use in

35:23

the book. and it is creating

35:25

and sustaining Seesmic. We're creating and

35:28

delivering new customer value in the

35:30

marketplace. That's a very

35:32

simple definition, but it talks about not

35:34

just the development of the ideas, but

35:36

the delivery of the ideas as well.

35:40

There was a process that Edison used,

35:42

which we highlight in the book. this

35:44

very simple and has five steps to

35:46

it, and I'd like to use a

35:48

story from the book to give you

35:50

an example of how this worked. At

35:54

a since loved to read the newspaper.

35:57

He read it every day and he

35:59

scoured the newspaper for trying The first

36:01

item. here is looking at trends. The

36:03

critical factor is high. You take what

36:05

you know about the marketplace and make

36:07

it relevant. So Edison

36:10

noticed after the Civil War that

36:12

the insurance industry was increasing and

36:14

cells does anyone have any thoughts

36:16

on why that might be? Will

36:20

The government was rebuilding the American South

36:22

so they're a new buildings going up,

36:24

new offices, new schools, and all those

36:26

needed to be insured. So

36:29

Edison said wow is gonna be a

36:31

way that I can can help these

36:33

people in some way to increase their

36:35

business. So he went to the second

36:37

step was to look at gaps in

36:40

the marketplace and actually went to some

36:42

officers were there when shots clerks working

36:44

and watch them in process of their

36:46

day. He saw them waiting and waiting

36:48

waiting for hours at a time. And

36:51

we were spending very much time out selling

36:53

insurance. Most of their time was spent writing

36:55

out these clauses. There's a lot of them.

36:58

He realizes a lot. His claws are the

37:00

same. and we've all looked at least As

37:02

and other kinds of insurance documents and allow

37:04

those claws are boilerplate, aren't they? So he

37:07

said, well, there's gonna be a way of

37:09

of working this better than there were working

37:11

at now. So he was looking for some

37:13

type of inside. He said, well, I know

37:15

a lot about to Legacy. I know how

37:18

to make exact. Perforations.

37:20

And paper. Because. Of my

37:22

knowledge of calligraphy. And. Morse Code.

37:24

I bet that I could put together

37:26

so kind of Electra pen and know

37:29

how to create motors. and while someone

37:31

was writing. The middle perforations

37:33

in the paper. I've

37:35

invented waxed paper so I know

37:37

how to put paris in over

37:39

a surface and know how to

37:41

put a liquid over a paper

37:43

surface and wonder if I could

37:45

use inc. And. Lay the

37:47

ink over the paper. It would

37:49

sit down into the little holes

37:52

and create. Another piece of

37:54

paper that actually had the words on it.

37:56

And I could just keep read printing

37:59

that one masters. For and make lots

38:01

of copies of that pays. Or if I could

38:03

do that, So his

38:05

insight was to create perforations

38:07

in the paper and. He.

38:09

Lives that to all the things that he

38:11

knew how to do and he went out

38:14

and tested was he calls the Edison Copy

38:16

and Press. And it was a

38:18

a very heavy but a portable piece of

38:20

equipment that could be brought to officers people

38:22

with use electric pan and they the ink

38:25

the top sheet. And sure enough, that

38:27

went down to the second sheath. Edison

38:29

was so successful with a series of

38:31

patents as he created that he raised

38:33

a whole chunk of money to build

38:36

Menlo Park. And as

38:38

well he sold the patents to

38:40

be a basic company. And

38:43

with those patents was created the document

38:45

to petition district. How

38:48

many bit of a photocopy? the documents?

38:50

Okay, so that goes back to Thomas

38:52

Edison. and if any of you are

38:54

old enough to go back to the

38:56

days of the mimeograph machine and I

38:59

know I am his little purple work,

39:01

she's such a get in math class

39:03

or reading class. The Edison mimeograph machine.

39:06

That's what this technology

39:08

originated from. Not

39:11

included in the hundred billion dollars.

39:14

So he see just as very

39:16

simple process here. the ability to

39:19

look at the marketplace, linked trends

39:21

and gaps to core strength. This

39:23

was his fundamental process. The lot

39:25

of times groups get so excited

39:27

about their ideas but don't have

39:29

a way of linking it back

39:31

to the customer. This is really

39:33

critical and there's more examples on

39:35

how to do this in the

39:37

book. To

39:39

to file quick thoughts and then we can

39:41

have some some questions and discussion. Business.

39:44

Model changes, A.

39:47

Lot of times we think of

39:49

innovation as starting with technology. But

39:52

it doesn't have to there are

39:54

process innovations like Are India, which

39:56

is a sequence sequenced way of

39:58

doing things is design. They say.

40:01

There's Brown Products services for

40:03

innovation. Technology. Innovation.

40:07

And strategic innovation. Strategic innovation is business

40:09

model innovations. And another shocking fact that

40:11

I learned about Edison. with that he

40:13

had six business models. You can read

40:16

more about these in the books. By

40:18

one of the things Edison did with

40:20

the actually became a trainer and an

40:22

educator at one point in his career

40:25

because they had to write manual to

40:27

train all the electrical engineers to create

40:29

the electrical power industry. So

40:31

imagine starting an industry from zero.

40:35

Mean some of the people in this

40:37

room are familiar with that would have

40:39

liked to actually move into an entirely

40:41

new space. All the education that goes

40:43

along with that. So we

40:46

can look in our modern society today

40:48

and are couple examples up here of

40:50

new business models that changed the way

40:52

consumers interact with companies and changed the

40:54

way companies compete with each other. Dell

40:57

doesn't make computers, but they reconsider

41:00

computers to the way consumers want

41:02

you. Ps store is the growth

41:04

of new Ps purchasing mailboxes, etc

41:06

so it had a retail presence

41:09

that it could serve. Consumers

41:11

directly. Mcdonalds is

41:13

thinking of putting refrigerated

41:15

cases of beverages in

41:17

it stores to take

41:19

advantage of the growth

41:21

in demand for beverages.

41:23

Frappuccino Power a Gatorade

41:25

water in it stores.

41:28

So that would change of business model. We.

41:30

Sort of like the seven Eleven

41:32

of the fast food industry. So

41:34

looking at business model changes is

41:36

another way that Edison innovated. And

41:40

a final thought here. Creating.

41:44

A market moving brand. Addison

41:47

created what today we would call

41:50

a mega brand. Everything that came

41:52

out of his factories had the

41:54

Edison name on it and he

41:57

stood behind that name through service

41:59

and. You're all kinds of marketing

42:01

initiative. He had catalogues, he had

42:03

direct mail campaign, he had actual

42:05

photography equipment is his laboratory so

42:08

that he could have his likeness

42:10

controlled. So people tried to steal

42:12

his likeness and say that something

42:14

was and Edison product was sacked.

42:16

It wasn't. But you

42:18

can see from this quote here

42:20

that Edison's brand name became so

42:22

powerful that people only wanted the

42:24

Edison article and. A

42:27

knock off and not a competitor.

42:29

To this came through in his

42:32

investing world as well. Investors wanted

42:34

to. Go. And

42:36

focus on Edison's work and knox

42:38

as competitors. So that

42:41

is what a market moving brand look

42:43

like. An Edison Zero and I

42:45

think Google has created or market Moving

42:47

brand today. So

42:50

there are a lot of

42:52

things that I see present

42:54

in the world of Google

42:56

that I've described here in

42:58

the last few minutes. These

43:00

five competencies of innovation give

43:02

us all context for how

43:04

we can create market moving

43:06

products and services today. Even

43:10

though. I'm a great grandniece of

43:13

Thomas Edison. What's. Important is

43:15

that the Edison legacy belongs to

43:17

all of us. We all have

43:19

the benefit of the mind of

43:21

this prolific man the five industries

43:24

as he created. And

43:26

now we all have. The. Capacity

43:28

to innovate like Edison. It

43:32

is there. Such a pleasure speaking with all

43:34

of you today and I would be delighted

43:36

to take any questions such a mass. Real.

43:49

Server My. Once

43:51

you ask me questions like. I'm.

44:02

Not. So I'm just wondering.

44:04

You know to what extent is is

44:06

a set a know? The. Result

44:08

of Edison. Are.

44:10

Following a set of principles and you

44:13

know to what extent is it just

44:15

him being an amazing genius? Well

44:18

as it is holloway both involved

44:20

com certainly as in was a

44:22

brilliant man. And some of

44:25

his ability to think so broadly.

44:27

And. Connect all these patterns together.

44:31

Is partly a reflection of

44:33

his genius now being able

44:35

to invent an electrical power

44:37

and record of sounds and

44:39

moving pictures. And. Portable

44:41

power is just. Extraordinary.

44:44

However, I think of process is what

44:47

allowed him to do these things in

44:49

a year after year after year after

44:51

year. So. That's where

44:53

I think we can draw some the

44:55

power of this system today. So.

44:58

We don't all have to be at

45:00

a Sony and Geniuses to really use

45:02

this work. What

45:11

is most? Says

45:13

will say other. Crazy.

45:17

Oh other. Yes,

45:21

he he did have teams of

45:23

people. That. Helped him

45:26

with his inventions and he did

45:28

give credit in many instances on

45:30

the actual patents. So those calling

45:32

center as.says share royalties with Addison.

45:35

One of the challenges a did exist

45:37

and Edison's day that different now is

45:40

that when you had lots of inventors

45:42

on a patent, it was more subject

45:44

to challenge. Today it

45:46

you could have three, four, six,

45:48

ten, fifteen people on a patent

45:50

and it It doesn't make it

45:52

any more challenge of all, but

45:54

more than two inventors and Edison's

45:56

Iran made it more open for

45:58

attack. There were instances

46:01

when Edison was only able to

46:03

one other person on his part

46:05

and when he might have liked

46:07

to put more so he has

46:09

certain are caught profit sharing opportunities

46:11

for people who assisted him that

46:13

didn't necessarily involve being included on

46:15

a patent, but he's particularly in

46:17

the the motion picture area of

46:19

his of his work. he had

46:21

co inventors. The

46:41

question has to do with our

46:43

the Edison Westinghouse battle in managing

46:45

conflict. Edison actually. Had

46:49

a very fundamentally different view of how

46:51

electrical power could work. He believed direct

46:53

current with a better way than alternating

46:55

current, so there's more discussion of that

46:58

in the book. He believes the competition

47:00

was healthy and fruitful and that that

47:02

made him a better inventor. So he

47:04

was never one to say oh no,

47:07

this is terrible that Westinghouse's come in

47:09

and challenged me in this way. He

47:11

actually felt that that was a positive.

47:13

What he didn't like was people who

47:15

tried to infringe on his patents and

47:18

make false claims. That then brought

47:20

him into court. And and used

47:22

up a lot of time and an

47:24

unproductive ways and and spent resources on

47:26

productively. So this was something that really

47:28

angered him. He actually didn't like to

47:31

take people to court. Who. Were

47:33

infringing he said. you know, I just

47:35

can't even bother with that So it

47:37

wasn't until there was so much infringement

47:39

particularly electrical power that he had to

47:41

go in because the. The. Damage

47:43

as we're we're really quite significant in

47:45

the pilfering if you will, was significant,

47:48

but he he didn't believe him suing

47:50

people. he ultimately sort of just had

47:52

to go that pass to protect his

47:54

name and his intellectual property. Welcome.

48:00

I have a question on just I guess. It

48:03

is. Being a talker Google A under

48:05

one of our see the mission goals

48:07

of the company is to the kind

48:10

of democratization organization of all the world's

48:12

information given. he thought specifically on I

48:14

just that like with this being the

48:16

digital age with globalization and general love

48:18

a how how do you see that

48:20

impact either positively or negatively the whole

48:22

concept of Asian in the process. We

48:25

know, I think there are positives and

48:27

negatives. I think it's great that I

48:30

can go online and and years ago

48:32

google search engine to find so many

48:34

different references and so me different tax

48:37

all over the world that disney access

48:39

to knowledge that was never possible before.

48:41

I think the challenge comes in situations

48:44

like like music where you had the

48:46

Napster debate years ago and and how

48:48

do I protect intellectual property of musicians

48:51

or it certainly could be authors and

48:53

other contacts. How do

48:55

they benefit from that you need now

48:57

is that in Nyc work that they've

49:00

put forward. So as much as he

49:02

wanted to be available and you want

49:04

those people to still be inventing, you

49:06

want them to still be out there

49:09

trade and great news actually want them

49:11

to still have the resources available through

49:13

process to keep going. So I think

49:15

we have to find ways as a

49:18

reward and people for being innovative are

49:20

being and then tests and somehow. You

49:23

know, allow that sharing to happen. So this

49:25

is that that tension between sharing and protecting

49:27

that I was talking about before. So a

49:29

lot of the opening up of resources I

49:31

think. Ultimately, Has been

49:34

positive I think is open people's minds.

49:36

It's allowed more kinds of knowledge to

49:38

come together that may not have come

49:40

together before and has advanced the ball.

49:43

More. Rapidly as in tech, innovation

49:45

can happen faster. Because that

49:47

information is available so. There's.

49:50

Pros and cons to it. Or

49:53

have you. Answer the questions

49:56

and but I didn't understand completely. Obviously

49:59

so. It is very innovative

50:01

man. So. Then he was

50:03

surround himself with very innovative people. Out

50:06

in like when the person comes

50:08

up with the idea as if

50:10

you're dealing with an innovation company.

50:13

How. Then do you? Give that

50:15

person recognition because I believe when you're

50:17

issuing Patton's you mention it in the

50:20

pats You also serves the said. It

50:22

was a certain difficulty in doing that

50:24

because it would be challenge but same

50:26

time how. Also and within a company

50:29

or people rewarded for coming up with

50:31

with their ideas. That eventually

50:33

can prove to be very fruitful. The

50:35

Marketplace. Well the

50:37

answer to the first part of the

50:39

question is Addison was religious about maintaining.

50:41

Note that and I didn't spend spend

50:43

a lot of times they're talking about

50:45

that that you saw that one diagram

50:47

that when image that was taken from

50:49

one of his notebooks and nice notebooks

50:52

were bound. And there and

50:54

numbered sequentially. An addict say if

50:56

you can't rip out a page

50:58

because we're in would then be

51:00

subject to scrutiny about Will and

51:02

how do we know which notebook

51:05

A came from a science or

51:07

Edison's numbered and color coded his

51:09

notebooks by project type. So everybody

51:11

who didn't experiments. In. A certain day

51:13

and a certain project would write their

51:15

names sound in the time it was

51:18

safe. Experiments with for taking place suited.

51:20

Always go back. There was always a

51:22

paper trail. Take time place. So

51:24

that was a way of ensuring that everybody

51:26

got credit for for what they did. Now

51:29

as far as who gets on the patent

51:31

and missing the for some of the difficulties

51:33

legally of putting lots of names on it.

51:36

So mostly the folks who were in that

51:38

first circle that I talked about earlier this

51:40

ten twelve people in his laboratory in their

51:42

listen in the book were the ones who

51:45

often were named. On. The patents

51:47

but he he did want to. For

51:49

example, he raised the pay of individuals

51:51

who made significant contributions but who may

51:53

not have gotten on the patents or

51:56

they would get bonuses are some kind.

51:58

So there was reckon this and in

52:00

in that respect. And of course there

52:02

was so much exchange. The lab people

52:04

knew who was working on which projects.

52:07

Little bit different when you have just

52:09

a few locations now Menlo Park. Later

52:11

there were New York City labs as

52:13

well. You didn't have multiple cities around

52:16

the world where people are working in

52:18

real time are lots of different projects

52:20

so it's more complex today. The keep

52:22

track of this and I think it

52:24

was in Edison's era. The

52:27

to the question of of today

52:29

I'm how do you recognize collaborators?

52:31

There are monetary ways of doing

52:33

it like being on a patent

52:36

and receiving royalties. and there are

52:38

non monetary ways which is internal

52:40

recognition within a company. I'm award

52:42

ceremonies, various other types of up

52:44

in a promotional pathways that can

52:47

exist within companies. but I think

52:49

it's critical to do. I think

52:51

you have to reward collaboration. You

52:53

have to reward innovation. And

52:59

Google it and I teasers Okay, great. so.

53:03

Well on it seems to me there's

53:05

lots of motivating force is here which

53:07

is terrific. Yes, Yes,

53:17

the questions about the the Edison Papers

53:20

project at Rutgers and are there any

53:22

plans to release the images? They're all

53:24

online now and there's a in the

53:26

book. You'll see a reference in the

53:29

reference notes section. You can actually go

53:31

it's it's Not Navy, the most intuitive

53:33

database to navigate, and they've. They've.

53:35

Got. I don't

53:38

know. Tens of thousands, hundreds of

53:40

thousands of images for you can search

53:42

on the images and get these listings

53:44

but I know it's it. Can be

53:46

trying to go and find the exact

53:48

once you once but you can find

53:51

enough to says a casual observer to

53:53

get a sense for how diverse this

53:55

this log. this catalogue is so on

53:57

his afterward. I'd be happy to show

53:59

you. Exact listing if you'd like to to go and

54:01

look it up. Very

54:04

long to reduce navigate not into the

54:06

database. Has been has some are not

54:08

intuitive databases the I'm sure you guys are

54:10

Prose A Thats some time the both of

54:12

us who don't spend a lot of time

54:14

doing and have a little bit more trouble

54:17

selfless maybe him that the the best at

54:19

doing that. My

54:24

want to thank all of you for your attention

54:26

has just been such a pleasure to be here

54:28

and I'll be staying after a little later when

54:30

the books get here and and bisher a sign

54:32

all of them So I hope you'll each get

54:34

a chance to to pick one up and not

54:36

spend some time with it. So

54:38

thank you so much. Thanks

54:48

for listening! To discover more

54:50

amazing content you can always

54:52

find us online at you

54:54

tube.com/ Talk that Google. Or.

54:57

Via or Twitter handle at talks

54:59

that Google. Talk. Soon.