6:00

of household income versus people under the age

6:02

of 40, used to control

6:04

12, their wealth has been cut in

6:07

half. This isn't by accident, it's purposeful.

6:11

Consciously purposeful, or how did this

6:14

happen? Well,

6:16

the demo in democracy is working really well,

6:19

and that is old people vote for even

6:21

older people who vote themselves more money.

6:24

So the child tax credit, which would

6:26

positively benefit not only children, but working-age

6:28

mothers, say in their 20s or 30s, gets

6:32

stripped out of the infrastructure bill. It would have cost somewhere

6:34

between, probably about $30 billion, but

6:38

the $145 billion per year fixed increase cost

6:42

of living adjustment in social security flies right

6:45

through. So we now spend

6:47

about 40% of our total government

6:49

spending on programs for seniors, that's the

6:51

greatest it's been in history. But

6:54

way to get worse, in 10 years at the current

6:56

rate, it's gonna be over 50%, meaning

6:58

the majority of our government spending and tax

7:01

revenues will go to programs supporting seniors. And

7:04

this crowds out investments in technology and

7:06

in education and things that are a little bit

7:08

more forward leaning show a greater return on investment

7:10

and quite frankly benefit younger people. So our democracy,

7:13

if you will, is working

7:15

well, but it's a series of older people

7:17

voting themselves more money. Old people vote. I

7:20

guess what I find confusing

7:22

about this is I recently read in

7:24

The New Yorker that since 2020, US

7:27

growth per person has been

7:29

more than 2% and that actually people in their 20s

7:32

are richer than prior US generations

7:34

were at their age. So

7:36

why doesn't it feel that way for younger

7:39

people? So I think the

7:41

study you're referring to is the following, there's some

7:43

nuance here. And that is we

7:46

have basically kind of the zeitgeist and this

7:48

goes to cultural mores. We

7:50

have decided to embrace a winners and

7:52

losers economy or a hunger games like

7:54

economy. And that is the good

7:56

news is, if you think it's good news, is that

7:59

there are now millionaires. in their 30s. When

8:01

I was growing up, and I imagine when you were growing up, you

8:03

didn't really hear about that. So

8:06

the actual number of people

8:08

in the top 10%, that

8:10

number's gotten much higher. But

8:12

if you look at the quote-unquote bottom

8:14

90, the vast majority of these individuals,

8:16

two things have happened. Their

8:18

purchasing power has gone down. Inflation in housing,

8:21

inflation in education, two things

8:23

that young people save for and need

8:25

to get ahead have skyrocketed. And their

8:27

wages on an inflation adjusted basis

8:31

have consistently gone down. I

8:33

used to make, on an inflation adjusted basis, people my

8:35

generation made 85,000, then 20 years ago,

8:37

65,000. This is at the age of 25.

8:41

Now it's about $55,000. And

8:43

so you have a lot of young people who've

8:45

essentially given up on buying a home. The travel

8:47

industry is booming. And my thesis is that people

8:49

have just given up on saving for a house,

8:51

and so they pick up and

8:53

head to Thailand for a month, and they go

8:55

to Coachella. So live events and travel

8:57

have never been stronger. But people are

9:00

struggling to kind of cover, I think, the

9:02

basics or the essentials, whether it's getting a

9:04

college degree, paying off their

9:06

student debt, saving for a home, or deciding to

9:08

have a child. The

9:12

great intergenerational theft took place under the

9:14

auspices of a virus. I know, let's

9:16

use the greatest health crisis in the

9:18

century to really speedball the transfer. This

9:20

is the NASDAQ from 2008 to 2012.

9:25

We let the markets crash. And

9:27

by the way, you need churn, you need disruption, because

9:29

it seeds and recalibrates the advantage in

9:31

wealth from the incumbents to the entrants.

9:33

It's a natural part of the cycle.

9:36

But wait, lately, no,

9:38

a million people would, dying would

9:40

be bad, but what would be tragic is if

9:42

we let the NASDAQ go down, and guys like me

9:45

lost wealth. So we pumped the

9:47

economy, which again, increased

9:49

the massive transfer of wealth. The best two

9:51

years of my life, COVID, more time with

9:53

my kids, more time with Netflix, and

9:56

my value of my stocks

9:58

absolutely exploded. And who

10:00

has to pay for my prosperity? Not

10:02

me. Future generations who

10:05

will have to deal with an unprecedented

10:07

level of debt. Key

10:10

to getting wealthy or establishing some wealth

10:12

as a younger person is that in

10:14

2008, as an example, we

10:17

allowed the markets to fall. We

10:19

bailed out banks, but we didn't bail out the

10:21

economy. And guys like me who were coming into

10:23

the prime income earning years got to

10:25

buy Netflix at $12. It's at $600

10:27

now. Got to buy Amazon at $8.

10:30

It's at $180 now. So

10:33

when you bail out the boomer

10:35

owner of a restaurant, all you're

10:37

doing is robbing opportunity from the

10:39

26-year-old recent graduate of a culinary

10:41

academy who wants her shot to

10:43

buy a restaurant on

10:45

the cheap. Disruption is a cycle

10:47

and a churn that seeds advantage

10:49

from incumbents to entrants. And what

10:51

we've decided is to

10:54

borrow young people's credit cards to

10:56

ensure that the incumbents stay rich.

10:59

And so it seems like my generation of

11:01

the people in power have lost a

11:04

general view that it's their responsibility to invest

11:07

in the future and invest in the middle

11:09

class. I think politics have become

11:11

very much, I need to get mine. This

11:14

happens across the entire ecosystem. In my

11:16

industry, every year we take pride in

11:18

rejecting more and more applicants,

11:21

meaning that the incumbents who already have degrees see the

11:23

value of their degrees go up. When I applied to

11:25

UCLA, it was a 76% admissions rate. This

11:28

year it'll be nine. When you own

11:30

a home, you get very concerned with traffic

11:32

and you show up to the local review

11:34

board and make sure no new housing permits

11:37

are approved. We have one and a

11:39

half million fewer homes than we need

11:41

for household formation, which again has taken

11:43

the value of homes way up. So

11:45

we have embraced this

11:48

rejectionist exclusionary culture that

11:50

crowds out the opportunity for entrance.

11:54

But at some point, all the old rich people are

11:56

going to die. Is there going to

11:58

be a redistribution? of wealth happening

12:01

then? So

12:03

a lot of people will say, but Scott, you're

12:05

about to see the most massive transfer back to

12:07

young people in the form of inheritance. I

12:10

would argue that's a really unhealthy way to

12:12

live life and build a society. What you're

12:15

talking about is Downton Abbey. That,

12:17

oh, you don't need to work or worry because

12:19

you're going to inherit this estate. Waiting

12:21

around for your mother and father to die so you

12:24

can buy a home and have a family

12:26

is just not a way to live a life. Two

12:29

thirds of billionaires are

12:31

self-made. 78% of

12:33

new millionaires are self-made, and that's one of the wonderful

12:36

things about America. So this notion

12:38

that, oh, don't worry, that I'm getting my

12:40

undue spoils, that I've gotten wealthier on your

12:42

credit card as at some point you will

12:45

get it, I just think

12:47

that's a terrible excuse, does not build

12:49

a healthy society, and quite frankly doesn't

12:51

work, and just results in dynastic dynamics

12:54

that the American culture has tried

12:56

to avoid. When

12:59

we come back, Gen Z

13:01

protests online and across college

13:04

campuses. Scott Galloway

13:06

claims they're ultimately fueled by

13:08

deep economic uncertainty, and

13:11

he has solutions. On the show

13:13

today, Generation Gaps. I'm

13:16

Manoush Zomorodi, and you're listening to the TED

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16:18

Manoush Zomorodi. On the show

16:20

today, generation gaps. What older

16:22

and younger generations can learn

16:24

from each other and

16:27

what seems to be tearing them apart.

16:30

We were just talking to NYU

16:32

professor Scott Galloway. Scott

16:34

says younger generations can't afford

16:36

to pay off their debt,

16:38

buy a home, invest in

16:40

retirement. And he

16:42

blames older generations for withholding

16:44

financial opportunities from them. The

16:47

effects, he says, are more than

16:49

just economic. Well,

16:51

the repercussions are, at a

16:53

very basic level, disappointment and rage.

16:57

A lot of these folks are living at home. A lot of

16:59

them have been told their whole life they can do anything. And

17:02

then that 210 times a day, they

17:04

get a reminder of their failure

17:07

on their phones with a series

17:09

of notifications where people vomit their

17:11

personal possessions and amazing lives that

17:13

they're supposedly leading. And

17:15

they're reminded every day that they're not doing well.

17:17

And also there's a false impression out there that

17:20

everyone is vacationing at the Amman Hotel and owns

17:22

a Ferrari. And if you don't have all of

17:24

those things that you're somehow

17:26

failing, it creates incendiary that is poured

17:28

over every issue. So I would

17:31

argue in large part, what's happened on campuses

17:33

in the United States isn't about the Middle

17:35

East, it's about America. Whether

17:38

it's the Me Too movement, whether it's

17:40

Black Lives Matter, all of these movements

17:42

have righteous justification for concern and engagement

17:45

among our youth. But

17:47

what turns every cut into an

17:49

opportunistic infection and then gangrene is

17:51

the fact that young people aren't doing as well. And

17:55

I think it just creates a general level of rage. I'm

17:58

curious, you know what young.

18:00

people think when you link

18:03

their dissatisfaction with life and

18:06

what feels like really big gaps

18:08

between the generations, how do

18:10

they respond when they hear these things? I

18:13

get a lot of support for young people. I'm

18:16

not sure they appreciate me telling them that

18:18

the reason you're protesting is you're angry about

18:20

your economic situation. I

18:22

think that sometimes that feels like I'm

18:24

infantilizing or patronizing them. But

18:26

what I've generally the feedback is, thank

18:28

you, you said the quiet part out

18:30

loud. And who I really hear

18:33

from is parents. If you're a

18:35

boomer or if you're say, not even boomer, you're

18:37

Gen X and you've done well, and you see

18:39

your kid, your kid's a good kid. She's

18:42

worked hard. She's graduated from the right schools and

18:45

her and her fiance had been saving for

18:47

a house for 10 years and

18:50

they just have given up. They can't buy a house.

18:53

They're thinking about not having kids. It's

18:55

just not viable for them. I

18:57

mean, this is what you want. The whole

18:59

point of an economy is to create a middle class.

19:01

The whole point of a middle class is

19:03

to create a thriving society, a democratic society

19:05

that's prosperous. But the reason we all

19:07

want prosperity at the end of the day, when we get a

19:10

little bit older, is we want our kids to do well. What

19:13

can we do? Nothing wrong with America that can't be

19:15

fixed with what's right with it. We got the hard

19:18

stuff figured out. We have the money. Things

19:20

are doable. We increase minimum wage to

19:22

25 bucks an hour. It goes into

19:24

the economy. The wonderful things about

19:26

low and middle income households is they spend

19:28

all their money. We have to have a

19:30

restore or a progressive tax structure with alternative

19:32

minimum tax on corporations and wealthy individuals. We

19:35

need to refund the IRS. We need to

19:37

reform social security. It should be based on

19:39

whether you need the money, not on how

19:41

old you are. We need a negative income

19:43

tax. My friend Andrew Yang screwed up a

19:45

great idea, but he branded it incorrectly. Instead

19:47

of calling it UBI, she got Republicans on

19:49

board by calling it a negative income tax.

19:54

We need to eliminate the capital gains tax

19:56

deduction. When did we decide that the money the

19:58

capital earns is more than $1 billion? more noble

20:00

than the money that sweat earns. Shouldn't

20:02

it be flicked? We

20:05

need universal pre-K. We need to reinstate

20:08

the expanded child tax credit. We need

20:10

income-based affirmative action. Expand college enrollment of

20:12

vocational programs, mental health, band phones in

20:14

schools, investment in third places, big brothers

20:16

and sisters programs. We need national service.

20:18

We need to tell people in the

20:21

United States and Canada that they live

20:23

in the greatest countries in the world,

20:25

and we need to remind them of

20:27

that every day by exposing them to

20:29

other great Americans where they feel connected

20:31

tissue. We

20:36

can do all of this. We can

20:38

do all of it. We have the resources. The question

20:40

is, do we have the will? This is my last

20:43

slide. It is an emotionally manipulative slide to

20:45

try and get you to like me more. There's

20:48

a moment in your TED Talk when you

20:50

put up a slide of yourself and one

20:52

of your boys at a sporting event. But

20:55

it does have a message. This

20:57

is the whole shooting match. Anybody

20:59

here without kids, ask someone with kids.

21:02

Your whole world shrinks to this. And

21:05

you got pretty emotional up on stage.

21:09

And you laid a lot of guilt

21:11

on the people in the theater. You

21:13

asked them, do we love our children,

21:15

implying that if

21:17

we do, they need to make

21:20

changes. Well,

21:22

Manus, you have children? I do. So

21:25

without knowing you or your children, I'm fairly confident

21:27

that you love your children. I

21:29

bet you are fairly confident I love mine.

21:31

The question I asked is, do we love

21:33

our children? And that

21:35

is, have we entered an economy where it's sort

21:37

of a winner take most attitude and everyone's grabbing

21:39

for their own? We ignore

21:42

because we're all believe we're gonna be in the

21:44

top 10% that's never done

21:46

better than previous top deciles that

21:49

we'll be in that top 10%. And we're not

21:51

willing to make the sacrifices and the hard decisions

21:54

such that other people's children who might be in the

21:56

bottom 90 do better. I

22:00

think that America has kind of lost the script

22:02

and that is what is the point of any

22:04

of this? You know, on your

22:06

radio hour, you're gonna talk about AI, you're

22:09

gonna talk about the environment, you're gonna talk about

22:11

the climate. Anyone who has kids, something

22:13

comes off the tracks with one of your kids, you're

22:15

not thinking about the climate, you're not thinking about AI,

22:19

you're thinking about that kid. And

22:22

economic anxiety is someone who went through economic

22:24

anxiety as a kid. I can tell you,

22:28

we aren't treating our children well, we aren't

22:30

treating other kids well. The

22:32

resting blood pressure of kids in low-income

22:34

homes is tangibly higher than

22:36

kids in middle and upper-income homes. There

22:39

are more kids depressed, more admissions

22:42

of self-harm, more anxiety. So

22:44

the question is, what is the point of

22:47

any of this? If your kid is

22:49

anxious or depressed, and people have

22:51

this feeling, well, I'm gonna be

22:53

successful, I can take care of my kids. Okay, I

22:55

know you love your kids, but do we love our

22:57

kids? That

23:00

was Scott Galloway. He's a professor of

23:02

marketing at New York University and the

23:04

host of Pivot and the

23:07

Professor G. Pod. His latest

23:09

book is called The Algebra

23:11

of Wealth, a simple formula

23:13

for financial security. On

23:16

the show today, Generation Gaps. We

23:18

wanna go now to another problem

23:20

that younger generations are inheriting, climate

23:23

change. In many places,

23:25

a warming planet means finding new

23:28

ways to grow food that can

23:30

survive extreme weather. So

23:32

our next speaker assumed that today's farmer

23:34

has little use for the agricultural wisdom

23:36

of old, until

23:38

the science proved her wrong. Our

23:41

story starts in a kitchen in the

23:43

Philippines. My grandma, she

23:45

is an incredible cook, and we treat the

23:48

kitchen like it's a living room. That's where

23:50

we talk, and that's why I fell in

23:52

love with cooking. Louise Mabulo

23:54

is 25 and an award-winning

23:57

chef and entrepreneur. She

23:59

grew up in a- small farming town

24:01

and started learning about cooking and food

24:03

at a young age. My

24:06

grandparents would serve me a nice steaming cup

24:09

of hot chocolate that they'd grown from their

24:11

farms and my dad would be

24:13

like, well it came from this gorgeous bright red

24:15

pod and then your grandmother sucks on

24:18

the seeds individually and dries them in the sun

24:20

and then we would roast it and turn that

24:22

into chocolate. So my grandparents

24:24

grew things intuitively in how they've learned

24:26

from their own grandparents and all that

24:28

ancestral knowledge that's been passed down to

24:31

them. Some of the

24:33

things she learned struck her as kind

24:35

of ridiculous. My

24:38

grandfather would be in a

24:40

rice field and be whistling because it's a hot

24:42

day and he would say, you know, the whistle

24:44

attracts a good breeze or they

24:46

grow like, wow, you have so many

24:48

harvests of cacao today and they'd be

24:50

like, yes, it's because, you know, we

24:52

planted this tree during the full moon

24:55

and that makes a lot more fruit.

24:58

Another odd piece of advice was planting a

25:00

rock under your root crops and sweet potatoes

25:03

or even under your trees. Over

25:05

the years I was like, why do we do that?

25:07

It makes no scientific sense. And

25:10

they'd just be like, I don't know, every time

25:12

I just do that it's sweeter. And

25:15

at the time when I heard these things, it

25:17

was always, oh, this is just something that my

25:19

grandma or grandpa would say, you know, it's, well,

25:22

grandma's just crazy, some other wives'

25:24

tale. At the age

25:26

of 12, Louise didn't care much about

25:28

farming, but she started entering cooking competitions

25:31

and winning. She went on TV

25:33

cooking shows. By 17,

25:35

she was a trained chef hosting

25:38

dinners in cities around Asia and

25:40

building an online following. I

25:43

became a farm to table type of chef where I

25:45

would highlight where these ingredients came from and the stories

25:47

of the people who brought them to your tables. And

25:50

then after some time I started growing ingredients

25:52

myself. And that was when

25:54

I started really getting into farming and caring

25:56

about how food was grown. But

25:59

in 2016, I was a chef. In

26:01

2015, Louise learned how unpredictable the life

26:03

of her fellow local farmers was when

26:06

a typhoon struck the Philippines and

26:08

her hometown. The

26:10

family was safe, but

26:13

the farmlands surrounding them were

26:15

desperate. We lost 80% of

26:17

our agricultural lands and its

26:19

productivity. The

26:23

farmers that I've been working with, most of them

26:25

were impacted. And I

26:28

thought to myself, this is a

26:30

huge, disastrous existential crisis for my

26:32

community and for so many people

26:34

across the Philippines. How can

26:36

we address this? And I had a platform and

26:38

the ability to do something. So

26:41

first it was providing seeds

26:43

and vegetables and plants that

26:46

the farmers could use to start making an

26:48

income again and rebuild their farms. But

26:51

over time I thought, this kind of aid

26:53

system is just very temporary. Louise

26:56

wondered if she could turn this emergency

26:59

into an opportunity for herself and

27:01

those farmers. There's a

27:03

root cause of this and it's climate

27:05

change and weather disasters. How

27:07

can we build resilience within these livelihoods so

27:09

that they're not experiencing storms every year and

27:12

recovering from them every year? They

27:15

noticed some native plants, like

27:17

cacao, had no trouble recovering.

27:20

They were also very resilient to these storms. And

27:23

so she wondered whether doubling down

27:25

on cacao as a crop was

27:27

a longer-term solution. There were

27:29

so many pathways and opportunities for people

27:32

to build resilient livelihoods from

27:34

different steps of growing cocoa.

27:37

Wild cacao trees grow easily in

27:39

this region. Local

27:41

people, like Louise's grandma, harvested them

27:44

to make hot cocoa and chocolate.

27:47

But no one there was making money off of

27:49

cacao. These farmers were

27:51

selling more fragile crops like rice,

27:53

coconut and corn. farmers

28:00

were just growing these because that's what they knew how to

28:02

grow. And they hadn't thought

28:04

of maybe expanding or

28:06

trying other things. And so

28:08

that's when I built the cacao project

28:10

to build sustainable and resilient livelihoods for

28:12

farmers in the Philippines. The

28:15

cacao project's goal was to help

28:18

local farmers integrate cacao into their

28:20

usual crop rotation. The first step,

28:23

giving farmers cacao tree saplings

28:26

and convincing them to be part of

28:28

her idea for a cacao business. So

28:31

we created farmer field schools where we

28:33

train farmers on building resilience. And

28:36

so far we've worked with over 200 farmers and have

28:39

planted more than 250,000 trees across our municipality. What

28:44

did local people, farmers,

28:46

think when you started getting

28:49

into this whole agricultural

28:52

thing? Were they like, you know, who's

28:54

this young hotshot? Or

28:57

are they like, great,

28:59

let's have some fresh blood in this? I'm

29:01

so curious. Well, people were very skeptical.

29:03

I came in. No one wanted

29:05

to believe a young person getting into the agricultural

29:07

field. I didn't have the type of agricultural background

29:09

that would give me the credibility to be like,

29:12

you need to start changing the way you farm.

29:14

It was a slow process. I started

29:17

a little bit egotistical thinking. I think I know

29:19

a thing or two and I might know a

29:21

little better. And then we

29:23

made a lot of mistakes along the way where

29:25

it doesn't grow as productive as it could be.

29:27

But then that's when we started talking to farmers

29:29

like, how would you normally farm these things? And

29:31

they were like, OK, these are the practices that

29:34

I know. And a lot of these practices that

29:36

my grandparents were teaching me were coming up over

29:38

and over. They were like, yeah, no, no, we

29:40

just just do these things. It'll work out. Louise

29:43

Mabulo continues from the Ted stage.

29:46

And as I was talking

29:48

to these farmers, these crazy

29:50

stories started resurfacing. And

29:53

I said, OK, hang on, hang on. Maybe they're

29:55

onto something here. So together with our

29:58

farmers, we started trying. it

30:00

out. Okay, let's plant some rocks here and

30:02

see what happens. Okay,

30:04

let's plant according to the lunar cycles. And

30:07

for some reason, every single time that

30:09

we would do that, it would work.

30:11

When we plant rocks under sweet potatoes,

30:13

they were better, sweeter, just more delicious.

30:15

Every time we planted according to lunar

30:18

cycles, we'd have delicious harvest. And

30:20

I thought, maybe what if all

30:23

of these weird stories are

30:25

just kind of decades of

30:27

peer review that is

30:29

passed down from grandmother to grandson, from

30:31

father to daughter, in the ways that

30:33

they best knew how. And

30:36

maybe grandma wasn't so crazy

30:38

after all. Now,

30:41

over the years, I've trained with

30:43

farmers, and we make sure that

30:45

learning is a two-way street, where

30:48

we look at the ways that

30:50

we can marry practical traditional knowledge

30:52

techniques with modern science and know-how,

30:54

so that we could put a

30:56

spotlight on those simple practical solutions

30:59

that react effectively to climate change.

31:02

And so I like to say I'm more

31:04

of an intermediary, translating the way that our

31:06

farmers have grown to the modern world, and

31:08

also translating the modern world, all these policies

31:10

and science and ideas to farmers in a

31:12

way that they understand. So

31:14

did you get the science

31:16

behind the these ancestral methods?

31:19

For the most part, yes. So when

31:21

we were doing these farmer field schools

31:23

and these trial and errors, sometimes we

31:25

would have visitors from universities and agricultural

31:27

schools, and some of them

31:29

would explain to us why, like planting

31:32

seeds during lunar cycles at a full

31:34

moon would give you better harvests, because

31:36

insects that were mating during those times

31:39

are also our pollinators for cocoa plants.

31:42

And in terms of the sweet potatoes, it

31:44

would be because the rocks were

31:46

moist wet environments, attracted worms, and

31:48

all of these little critters and

31:50

biodiversity that were beneficial to our

31:52

soil. And it was just natural

31:54

fertilizer. And we would just

31:57

talk about this in circles over what

31:59

was the correct way. And sure enough,

32:01

the aunties and the elderly ladies had

32:04

the best outcomes every single time

32:06

and proved us wrong. So

32:09

they weren't surprised when you came back to them

32:11

and said, actually, you were right. No,

32:13

they were not surprised at all. And they were

32:15

very smug about it. And I never stopped hearing

32:18

it for months. You

32:21

know, it's interesting. When we started talking,

32:23

I thought that we were mostly going

32:25

to discuss how ancestral knowledge gets passed

32:27

down through generations. But

32:30

really what I've learned also is

32:32

that younger people are

32:35

carving out roles that didn't exist. Like

32:37

you, for example, are on

32:39

the global stage telling the story of

32:42

how climate change is affecting these farmers

32:45

and how they are surviving,

32:47

building businesses in innovative ways.

32:50

That feels very new. Absolutely.

32:52

That's exactly what I'm trying to do,

32:55

is be this person that tells the

32:57

stories of on the ground, but also

32:59

be able to crack that system for

33:01

our farmers. And it's looking

33:04

back at that knowledge of how we

33:06

used to farm circularly in a way

33:08

that was good for the community, but

33:10

also marrying it with modern day technology

33:13

and science and understanding. There

33:15

seems to always be a gap between high

33:17

level policies or the concepts of

33:20

climate change and what we know

33:22

inherently on the ground. I

33:24

was wondering, why does that gap exist? And

33:26

I realized maybe it's my role to start connecting those

33:29

two parts. All

33:31

of this knowledge exists in countries

33:33

and communities and traditions and stories

33:35

within our families. And

33:38

as a young person who works in

33:40

the environmental field, I think it is

33:42

so cool to have that kind of

33:44

responsibility to carry this knowledge onto the

33:46

next generation. Because

33:48

maybe the solutions to our climate

33:50

crisis, maybe the next big fix

33:52

all, maybe it

33:54

exists in the soils under our feet, or

33:57

maybe it exists in the

33:59

crazy. wild stories of our grandmothers. And

34:03

it is such an honor

34:05

to build something that embodies the

34:08

wisdom of our communities,

34:10

of our families, and of our

34:12

landscapes over years and generations. That

34:17

was the founder of The Cacao

34:19

Project, Louise Mabulo. You can

34:21

see her full talk at ted.com. On

34:25

the show today, Generation Gaps, I'm

34:28

Manu Shahzomorodi, and you're listening to the

34:30

Ted Radio Hour from NPR. We'll

34:32

be right back. This

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