Vision screening is one of the most important preventative health screenings that a primary care provider does at well visits.  But the infant eye exam can feel obtuse and complicated if you don't understand vision development, physical exam maneuvers, and red flags for referral.  Because of the risk of significant amblyopia if ocular pathology is left untreated, every pediatric provider should know how to complete an age-appropriate vision screening in an infant.

References:

American Academy of Ophthalmology Pediatric Ophthalmology/Strabismus Panel. (2012). Preferred practice pattern guidelines. Pediatric eye evaluations. American Academy of Ophthalmology.

Bell, A.L., Rodes, M.E., & Collier Kellar, L. (2013). Childhood eye examination. American Family Physician, 88(4), p. 241-248.

Brookman K. E. (1983). Ocular accommodation in human infants. American journal of optometry and physiological optics, 60(2), 91–99. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006324-198302000-00001

Loh, A.R., & Chiang, M.F. (2018). Pediatric vision screening. Pediatrics in Review, 39(5), 225-234.

Rosenfield, M. Development of accommodation in human infants. Retrieved from https://entokey.com/development-of-accommodation-in-human-infants/

Wang, J., & Candy, T. R. (2010). The sensitivity of the 2- to 4-month-old human infant accommodation system. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 51(6), 3309–3317. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.09-4667