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York. When

1:19

snails, sometimes they'll take no note

1:21

of each other whatsoever. They'll just

1:23

either slide on by each other,

1:26

but they will, it

1:28

almost looks like they're kissing each other.

1:31

They'll just touch each other with their

1:34

eye stalks. And

1:37

they just kind of have a general, just a touch

1:39

of each other. When

1:41

a snail mates, it's called

1:44

traumatic insemination. They

1:46

stab each other with a spear about the

1:48

size of a fingernail. It's

1:51

sometimes called a love dart. If

1:54

you scale it to the human body, it

1:56

would be like a 15 inch knife that

1:58

contains a fertility boot. hormone.

2:02

Snails are hermaphrodites, so

2:04

any snail can mate with any

2:06

other snail. And of

2:08

course, they move very,

2:11

very slowly, so the process

2:13

can take up to 12 hours. Yes,

2:16

so snail sex is interesting and

2:18

bizarre. This is Angus Davison.

2:21

He's an evolutionary geneticist at

2:23

the University of Nottingham, and

2:26

he says the love dart is

2:28

not the only interesting thing about

2:30

snail sex. He

2:32

says to imagine the way snails reproduce

2:34

as kind of like two cars

2:36

driving towards each other. And

2:38

if you're in America, you're driving on the right-hand side.

2:41

And I always imagine some kind of seedy film

2:43

where they're both drug dealers and they're exchanging

2:45

some drugs. One of them passes the drugs

2:47

across, the other one passes some

2:50

money across. That's it. So they

2:52

drive, they approach each other from opposite

2:54

directions. They wind down their windows and

2:56

pass these packages across. And

2:58

of course, that only works if they're

3:00

both driving cars where the steering wheel is

3:03

on the left-hand side. If

3:05

one of these cars is made differently, let's

3:08

say it's a British car, with the

3:10

steering wheel on the right-hand

3:12

side, they won't line up.

3:15

The two cars will just pass each

3:17

other by, unable to make

3:19

contact. It just isn't going to work. They're not

3:21

going to be able to reach far enough across. Which

3:24

does happen when you're dealing with

3:26

a very rare snail, a snail

3:29

that is born different from almost

3:31

all the others. Most

3:33

snail shells coil clockwise, but

3:36

this snail shell coils the

3:38

other way. Angus

3:41

Davison had been hoping for 20

3:43

years to get his hands on

3:45

one of these left-coiling snails. And

3:48

finally, one Friday night, he

3:50

got an email from a fellow scientist who'd

3:52

spotted one in his garden. in

4:00

the freezer of the museum, you know. And

4:03

so immediately I was typing about furiously,

4:05

please don't freeze this snail. So

4:08

fortunately I intervened in time and what inevitably

4:10

he so he sent me this snail by snail mail

4:12

the next week and we received it at the university.

4:15

Snail mail. Snail mail, sorry. Had

4:18

to be. There's a lot of terrible problems. When

4:20

it arrived to his lab, Angus knew

4:23

right away that he had one

4:25

of these unusual left coiling snails. And

4:27

the problem with that is these lefty

4:29

snails that essentially to be a little

4:31

bit delicate, the genitals are on the

4:34

opposite side from normal snails. So in

4:37

a normal right coiling snail, the genitals

4:39

are wholly to the right hand side

4:42

and in a left coiling snail, they're on the

4:44

left hand side. And that means that left coiling

4:46

snail has trouble mating. So

4:50

it's a haemaphrodite snail, but it can't mate with itself

4:53

and needs to find another left coiling snail to mate

4:55

with. And I need to find that snail to do

4:57

the genetics. But of course this snail is a one

4:59

in a million. So how on

5:01

earth do I find another, you know, I've never seen one

5:03

in 20 years, do I have to wait another 20 years

5:05

to find another one? A left

5:07

coiling snail is incredibly rare,

5:10

more rare than a British car on

5:12

an American road. It's sort

5:14

of like when a human's heart is on the right

5:17

side of their body, but even more

5:19

rare than that. You know, I don't

5:21

know for certain, but if you're if you're a snail

5:23

and you coil one way or the other, I don't

5:25

think you probably know which way you coil, you know.

5:27

So the left coiling snail doesn't

5:29

know that it's one in a million. So it's

5:32

just trying to mate as normal. And

5:34

it can't kind of recognize the way that all

5:36

of the snails different. So it can't kind of

5:38

adjust its behavior. Because

5:40

if it could, maybe it could mate. Angus

5:44

wasn't going to just sit back and

5:46

do nothing, not with

5:48

such a rare snail. He

5:51

decided to do what so many of

5:53

us do these days when we're having

5:55

a little trouble, meaning a potential partner.

5:58

He took the problem on. I'm

6:01

Phoebe Church, and

6:03

this is love. Angus

6:30

gave his snail a name, Jeremy, after Jeremy Corbyn, the left-wing

6:32

leader of the UK's

6:52

Labour Party. He

6:54

took some photos of Jeremy and put them

6:56

online. All

6:58

he needed was for someone, somewhere

7:01

in the world, to find another

7:03

left-coiling snail. Then, they'd

7:06

reproduce, and Angus might be

7:08

able to figure out what makes some

7:10

snails coil left and some coil

7:12

right. The BBC

7:15

picked up the story and,

7:17

explicitly, asked the public for

7:19

help finding a mate for

7:21

Jeremy. They gave the search a hashtag, snail

7:24

love. Also,

7:26

Angus Davison heard from a woman in

7:28

Ipswich. Her name is Jade

7:30

Melton, and she identified

7:32

herself as a snail enthusiast.

7:36

What does that mean, a snail enthusiast? Yeah, I

7:38

know. Why should you ask that question?

7:40

If I've

7:43

been talking about spotting birds at the UK

7:45

Southern States, people go around, if you're a

7:47

bird enthusiast, you know what I mean. They've

7:50

got binoculars. Yeah, I know what that

7:52

means. Yeah. Well,

7:54

we call them bird-spotters in Britain. We have a ton

7:56

of those, but there's something that

7:58

seems a little different. and being out in the

8:00

wild looking for birds. Yeah, but it's only

8:03

different because it's more unusual. We

8:05

shouldn't just focus on these big things that fly around

8:07

our garden sometimes. There's lots of other creatures there, which

8:09

some of them might be smaller, but you know, if

8:11

you look at them under a microscope, they are equally

8:14

interesting. Jade

8:16

Melton wrote to Angus because she'd

8:18

found her own unusual snail a

8:20

few months before. She's

8:23

a member of the Ipswich

8:25

Conchological Society. They study

8:27

snails and their shells. She'd

8:30

been out snail hunting one day and

8:32

saw a left-coiling snail making its

8:35

way down a plant. She

8:37

put it in one of the tubs she keeps on hand,

8:39

gave it a name, Lefty, and

8:42

took it home to join the others. I

8:44

currently have over 150, but at one point it was over 300.

8:51

I keep them scattered all over the place really.

8:54

Most of them are upstairs and I

8:56

have the nursery downstairs, which obviously the

8:58

baby snails. You

9:01

put a couple of pieces of grass in the... I

9:04

tend to feed mine lettuce. That romaine

9:08

lettuce seems to be their

9:10

absolute favourite. Angus

9:13

packed up Jeremy the snail and

9:15

they took the train to Ipswich to see

9:17

if the two left-coiling snails might get along.

9:20

Obviously we introduced each other, said

9:22

hello to each other, and I

9:25

had Lefty, he had Jeremy, and we

9:28

took them in the garden and we put

9:30

them down on the ground and we just

9:33

sort of let them say a snail hello

9:35

to each other. We

9:37

were happy at first because they

9:40

were showing signs of

9:42

obviously taking an interest in each

9:44

other and just took some

9:46

nice pictures of the two of them. It

9:51

was really exciting and I was

9:53

thinking, I wonder if

9:55

they would just kind of feel the

9:57

deal now. you

10:00

know, now and now, but obviously I wasn't going

10:03

to rush them as they are snails." And

10:09

then, nothing. Angus

10:12

went home to Nottingham. He

10:15

kept calling Jade to check in, but

10:17

there wasn't any news. The

10:20

snails weren't mating. He

10:22

suggested they move them from Jade's house

10:24

to his lab, where he could try

10:26

to improve the conditions. She

10:29

wasn't sure she was comfortable with that. It

10:31

was a bit like one of

10:33

my slimy babies, who was,

10:35

you know, kind of going on

10:37

holiday. But me being

10:40

the kind of mother

10:42

hen type, I was

10:44

anxious to know how Lefty was doing. The

10:47

lab didn't make a difference. Jeremy

10:50

and Lefty, two of the rarest

10:52

snails on the planet, uniquely

10:54

capable of mating with each other,

10:57

just weren't doing it. It

11:00

seemed hopeless. And then, a

11:03

third snail entered the picture. I'm

11:09

Miguel. I'm from a little island

11:11

in the Mediterranean Sea called Mallorca

11:14

from Spain. And

11:16

I'm 32 years old. Do

11:19

you like snails? Yes, I love them. Miguel

11:23

Angel Salome farms snails,

11:26

millions and millions of them, which

11:28

he then serves in his restaurant.

11:32

How did you hear about Jeremy

11:34

the snail? Well,

11:36

it was a friend

11:38

who sent me a

11:40

screenshot from Twitter about

11:43

the story of Jeremy.

11:46

So I found in

11:48

my snail farm a left-handed snail,

11:50

which I call Toméu, a

11:53

typical Mallorca name. Had

11:55

you ever found a left-coiling snail

11:57

before? No. To be honest,

11:59

I... never found one

12:02

but was something like natural walking

12:04

and I saw and I realized I

12:07

said wow that one is a left

12:09

handed snail I take it and

12:11

I go to write

12:13

an email to Dr.

12:16

Angus and at the beginning

12:18

he was are you

12:20

sure that it's a left handed snail and

12:22

it's the same variety I need I

12:24

say yeah it's the same variety so no

12:27

worries because I know both I saw the

12:29

picture of Jeremy and I know it's like

12:32

Alexis Pessa it's the same

12:35

that myself and I

12:37

sent him the snail afterwards we'll

12:43

be right back we're

12:48

all feeling that late winter fatigue but

12:51

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12:53

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12:55

thaw like a purple crocus poking through

12:57

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12:59

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13:58

I put Jeremy with Lefty

14:01

again, nothing happened. I put

14:03

Jeremy with Tomieu again, nothing happened. And

14:07

that's when it became obvious. No

14:10

one was interested in Jeremy. Lefty

14:12

the snail mated with Tomieu the snail and

14:15

poor old Jeremy got left out. Literally

14:19

from the love triangle. Poor

14:21

Jeremy, he got left in the

14:24

dirt really. Tomieu and Lefty.

14:28

I guess they were blown over backwards

14:30

by each other and they

14:32

decided to have babies. Lefty

14:34

ended up going with Tomieu, yeah. He

14:36

just took a shine to his

14:39

foreign lover, I guess. Tomieu

14:42

and Lefty had 170 baby snails and then

14:45

they made it again and again.

14:50

Jeremy isn't the first animal

14:52

to be left out. In

14:55

1971, researchers were surprised

14:57

to find a species of

14:59

tortoise they'd been certain was

15:01

extinct. They named him George.

15:04

They spent 40 years trying to

15:07

find a partner for George to

15:09

continue the species, even trying

15:11

to mate him with other kinds of

15:13

tortoises. He

15:15

died alone at nearly 100 years

15:18

old, the last of his kind. There's

15:21

a name for animals like George, an endling.

15:26

In Panama, a fungus was killing

15:28

off a rare species of frog.

15:31

Researchers went into the forest to

15:34

try to find and rescue all the

15:36

frogs they could, but they

15:38

only found one. They

15:41

relocated him to the Atlanta Botanic

15:43

Gardens, but he knew it

15:45

wasn't home. He stopped

15:47

calling for mates. He

15:49

didn't even respond to recorded calls

15:51

of female frogs. Maybe

15:54

he knew they weren't real. In

15:56

1992, a guy working in a lab on the pier was a man

15:58

who was a man of a kind. It sounded like

16:00

a whale song, but the frequency was

16:03

way too high. It

16:05

was a whale. For

16:07

more than 20 years,

16:09

researchers observed him calling out

16:11

and never getting any response. They

16:14

thought it was possible that

16:16

other whales couldn't hear him at all. Angus

16:19

wasn't too deep to let that happen to

16:23

Jeremy. He wasn't giving up.

16:25

Some snails hibernate, and so Angus orchestrated

16:28

a mini hibernation for

16:30

Jeremy by putting him in

16:32

the refrigerator. Jeremy

16:37

came out of the refrigerator looking

16:40

a little better. And

16:45

it wasn't long after that that Angus

16:47

walked into the lab to find Jeremy

16:49

mating with Tomi. Were you proud of

16:51

Tomi for being the most popular? Sure.

16:54

Yeah, probably the most popular snail in

16:56

Mallorca for sure, and probably in Spain

16:59

as well. Tomi

17:01

produced eggs that hatched into 56 tiny snails. Here

17:06

when they hatch, you can't

17:08

touch them, they're so delicate. They're

17:10

transparent, so you can see their shell,

17:12

tiny little shell, and

17:16

you can actually see their little heartbeats

17:18

through the shell because they're transparent. It's

17:22

very sweet. Angus

17:24

and Jade are raising them, and

17:26

it turned out that every single baby was born

17:30

right-poiling. All

17:35

the babies' names were right-handed, so that

17:37

one was a bit

17:40

disappointing for me because Dr. Angus

17:42

as well was trying to find

17:44

those babies. He was trying to

17:46

find or trying to make science

17:48

with baby left-handed

17:51

snails, so that didn't

17:53

happen. The left-coiling

17:55

gene is recessive. It

17:57

could take more than a generation to appear again.

18:01

Jade and Angus will be waiting, Angus,

18:04

to study their genetic material.

18:08

He hopes that what he learns

18:10

will provide insight into body asymmetries

18:12

and other species, including

18:15

humans. For her

18:17

part, Jade is more romantic.

18:20

Even though it wasn't her snail who made

18:22

it with Jeremy, she appreciates

18:24

that, like so many of us, Jeremy

18:28

just needed a little extra time.

18:31

It shows that there

18:33

is someone for everyone. You

18:36

have to find them, I guess. It

18:39

kind of gives you a sense of

18:42

hope, not just snails, but humans also.

18:52

On October 20, 2017, the

18:55

BBC, who had followed

18:57

every turn of Jeremy's story, reported

19:00

that he had died. The

19:03

piece read, Jeremy, the

19:05

lonely, lefty snail, has died

19:07

at his Nottingham home. I

19:12

try not to be too sad. I think, you

19:14

know, he lives on with his children. I

19:17

have Tony's baby, of which Jeremy

19:19

is the dad of. Because

19:23

he looks so much like his dad, I

19:25

called him Jeremy Jr. and I called him

19:27

JJ for short. He

19:30

looks like his dad. Yeah, he's

19:32

a spitting image of his dad.

19:34

His shell is the same colour,

19:36

markings. He looks just like him, which

19:38

is really nice. He'll

19:47

be right back. the

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20:57

is Love. Last year, around

20:59

the time of the show's fifth anniversary,

21:02

we checked in with Angus Davison. When

21:05

we last spoke, you were waiting to

21:07

see if any of the descendants of

21:09

Jeremy would

21:11

also be left coiling. Have

21:14

there been any new left

21:16

coiling snails? In

21:19

the offspring of Jeremy the snail, under many

21:22

thousands of snails that we raised since then,

21:25

none of them were left coiling. So

21:27

over, I think it was between 2017 and 2020 we

21:29

bred, maybe

21:32

I had maybe 10,000 snails in the lab, probably

21:35

more than that. None of them were

21:37

left coiling. We needed to

21:39

breed several generations of snails to

21:42

show or to test whether there was

21:44

an inherited condition and

21:46

everything indicated that it was not an inherited

21:48

condition that made Jeremy the snail a left

21:50

coiling snail. It was just, I

21:52

suppose you could say, developmental accident. So,

21:55

you know, in a sense, that's

21:57

quite a disappointing result for me as

21:59

a geneticist. exist, but as

22:01

a consequence of the media,

22:04

the publicity all around Jeremy the snail,

22:07

we have since got some French snails of the

22:09

same type and they are

22:11

producing left coiling offspring. So none

22:13

of them are direct descendants of Jeremy, but you

22:15

could say that in a sense Jeremy enabled

22:18

us to get to that point. What

22:21

is it? If it's not genetics,

22:24

what is making you have these

22:26

left coiling snails now? There

22:28

are two different ways in which you might get a left

22:31

coiling snail. One would involve

22:33

genetics and one would involve an accident.

22:36

And what I think happened with Jeremy the snail,

22:38

ordinarily in the very first few

22:40

cell divisions during the snail's life, you

22:42

get a clockwise twist and that

22:44

makes a clockwise snail in the end. And

22:47

just sometimes something might go wrong, I don't know,

22:49

maybe it's a bit too cold or a bit

22:51

too hot and you end up getting an anti-clockwise

22:53

twist of those cells. So nothing genetic at all.

22:56

But because of the way snails develop, that will end

22:58

up making a left coiling snail. So

23:00

it's different, but it's not an inherited condition. Angus

23:04

says he published his initial set

23:06

of findings and

23:08

that he listed the people who had answered his

23:11

call to help find a mate

23:13

for Jeremy as co-authors. So

23:16

Jade and Miguel Angel are now

23:18

published authors. They are,

23:20

yes, yeah. Have you spoken to them? I'm

23:23

in particularly, I'm in touch with Jade

23:25

especially over social media. I

23:27

haven't really heard from Miguel Angel. We

23:29

returned the shell to him. I believe

23:31

if you ask him, he may well

23:33

have it in a glass box in

23:35

his restaurant in Mallorca. Proudly

23:38

displayed, I think. And

23:40

what about Jeremy? So

23:43

Jeremy, yeah, Jeremy's DNA

23:45

is in my freezer. Jeremy's

23:48

shell is on my desk. It's still on

23:50

your desk. I

23:53

don't quite know what, you know, Jeremy is kind

23:55

of, you know, something that's, you know,

23:57

yeah, did have a big impact upon my life. me

24:00

do, enabled me to do lots of really interesting

24:02

things. So yeah, I don't

24:05

quite know what to do with it. I think

24:07

at some point possibly, we might, I

24:10

think it's quite likely we'll donate the shell to a

24:12

museum if they wish to have it as

24:15

kind of a curiosity for other people to look

24:17

at. When we

24:19

spoke with Angus, he told us

24:21

that he was just about to head out on a trip

24:23

to study left coiling snails in Hawaii.

24:26

Is Hawaii a good place for

24:29

snails? Yes, Hawaii is an

24:31

amazing place for snails. So in

24:33

the United Kingdom, which is, you know, not a big

24:35

island, but a reasonably big island, we have about 100

24:37

species of snail and slug. But most

24:39

of those are also found in Europe and so they're not

24:41

in changes and they're really common. But

24:44

on Hawaii, on the Hawaiian islands, which are

24:46

much smaller an area than the UK, you

24:49

have about or you had about 750 different

24:52

species of snail on slug. I

24:54

mean, it's not a bad place to have to go. No.

24:58

It's pretty lucky. Hello, it's

25:00

not a bad place to go. Because

25:04

should people send you send you the snails if

25:06

they find one in their garden? Would you

25:08

like it if people sent one your list?

25:11

I still do get them those requests. I think more

25:13

if people are interested, I mean, if people are interested

25:15

in snails, I hope they are. Then

25:17

first off, just, you know, it's so easy on a

25:20

phone these days to take a picture, send me a

25:22

picture and I'll comment on it. That's

25:25

very lucky for them if they find them. So, you

25:27

know, I should say I have still

25:29

never found a left coiling garden snail myself.

25:33

So I've been working on these snails

25:35

for 20 years and I still haven't found them myself. I

25:37

got them bred in the lab, but I have not found

25:39

one in the wild myself. Is

25:41

it good luck to find a left coiler, do

25:43

you think? I

25:45

think it would be, yeah. Well, whether

25:48

it's good luck or not, I don't know, but I would be

25:50

extremely happy. So that would certainly be good luck for me. I

25:53

have good thoughts about this Hawaii trip for

25:55

you. I think this might be your time.

25:58

Oh yeah. Sometimes. Sometimes I

26:00

dream of finding a left

26:03

coiling star and I wake up like, oh no, here's

26:06

only a dream. A

26:15

few months after we spoke, Angus

26:17

was out on a walk. He happened

26:20

to look over at a wall that he walks by every

26:22

day and saw two snails

26:24

on it. One

26:26

of them was left coiling after

26:29

decades of searching. He

26:32

decided to hold a public vote to name it and

26:34

when the votes came in, the snail was named

26:37

Coyley Minogue. After

26:39

the singer, Coyley Minogue, Angus

26:42

told us in an email that the snail

26:45

is currently hibernating. He's

26:47

still searching for its mate. Mrs.

26:55

Love is created by Lauren Spore and me.

26:58

Nadia Wilson is our senior producer. Katie

27:00

Bishop is our supervising producer.

27:02

Our producers are Susanna Roberson,

27:05

Jackie Sajiko, Lily Clark, Lena Sillison

27:07

and Megan Canein. Our

27:09

show is mixed and engineered by Veronica

27:11

Semenetti. More than half of

27:13

my snails have names. Other ones

27:15

don't because I literally can't tell the difference between

27:17

them. Yeah. Can you

27:20

list some of the names? Yes,

27:22

I'm currently. I have, obviously I'm not going to

27:24

name all of them, I'm not even sure if

27:27

I could to be honest. I've got Jeremy

27:29

Junie. I

27:31

have George and

27:34

Brian Jeffrey. Learn

27:37

more about the show on our

27:40

website. thisislovepodcast.com And

27:42

sign up for our newsletter

27:44

at thisislovepodcast.com/newsletter. Just trying to

27:46

think of others. Loofah,

27:51

Wycliffe, Tyndale. I

27:55

have Saffie, which means

27:57

pure for Swahili. I

28:00

have Sala. You

28:03

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thisiscriminal.com/plus. You

28:19

know what name I like the most? What's that?

28:22

Brian. Yes. We're

28:26

on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram at This is Love Show.

28:30

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great shows at podcast.voxmedia.com.

28:38

Mark would be a good Jim. Those would all be good

28:40

snail names. Yeah,

28:42

Jim's quite good. I'm

28:45

Phoebe Judge and this is love.

28:55

This is love. This

28:57

is love. This is

28:59

love. This is love. This

29:03

is love. This

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