0:00

Wine and Crime contains graphic

0:02

and explicit content which may

0:04

not be suitable for some

0:06

listeners. Listener discretion is advised.

0:08

Hello

0:12

and

0:16

welcome

0:20

to

0:25

Wine and Crime. The podcasts were

0:27

two friends chug wine, chat

0:30

your crime and unleash their

0:32

worst. A Minnesota

0:34

accent sauce. Oh

0:37

yeah. I'm

0:40

Lucy. I'm Amanda. Oh,

0:43

today we have a very special

0:45

fan or no gals pick. You're

0:48

not special today. We're special today. I

0:50

think this was a me pick. I

0:52

think it came about during the Autopsies

0:55

episode when I was like, oh shit,

0:58

there's way more to

1:00

talk about here. Did

1:02

you talk about coffin

1:04

births? Yes. On

1:06

drunk diet. Patreon. Yeah. Okay. Okay.

1:08

I wondered if that might have

1:11

also encouraged this, but God only

1:13

knows. Things with death and

1:15

the stomach. I was sufficiently

1:18

pregnant when I decided to do the coffin

1:20

births episode and it honestly was

1:22

like a soothing, like a coping mechanism

1:24

for me. I loved it. A

1:27

little, my little loony tune. Lucy,

1:29

my little loony tune. I'm not

1:31

right. No, I'm not right.

1:33

God bless it. I am

1:35

not. Right. A

1:38

beacon of hope for anybody. Something

1:40

is off. I'm not a North

1:43

star. No. I'll say. You're

1:45

my North star. You're

1:47

mine. Well,

1:50

for certain things. Yeah. On occasion.

1:53

I actually was thinking earlier today about like,

1:57

I might be in the mood to like get another

1:59

tattoo. Like I have one. Would

2:02

I get a second one? Fuck

2:07

my plans. I will be in Iowa in

2:09

four and a half hours. I

2:14

might get it from someone up there. I

2:16

don't know. I don't know. I don't know. I

2:18

don't know. I haven't thought of plant

2:20

these exciting scenes.

2:25

For me, I haven't

2:27

thought of anything that I want like enough.

2:30

I mean, same. And

2:32

I do it anyway. I know.

2:34

You're the worst person to mull this

2:36

over with. I'll get a matching

2:38

one with you. It will be so meaningful

2:40

to absolutely no one in my life. But

2:43

me. I'm going

2:45

to get something super bland like a crescent

2:47

moon or something. Let's do it. Let's get

2:49

a crescent moon with a cat sitting on

2:52

it with its little tail coming down. Oh,

2:54

that'd be cute. Because I am a cancer

2:56

who is completely ruled by the moon and

2:58

my emotions and the tides. There is a

3:01

cat in your lap right now. There is

3:03

a cat in my lap right now. I

3:05

want to get like a cute little

3:07

moon cat portrait of

3:10

beans and pepperoni with a moon

3:12

in the background. Like full back.

3:15

That's so cute. That

3:17

would be cute. Not a full back piece because

3:19

you're going to have more cats

3:21

in your life because they're going to die.

3:25

Beans will never fucking die. She

3:27

will though. I can't. I

3:30

can't face reality now. Let's let's

3:33

let's let's temper your

3:35

expectations. I can't think about

3:37

that. I got very upset.

3:39

You don't have to think about it,

3:41

but just know that you know,

3:43

I'm aware die after beans.

3:46

Beans and I will die the same day

3:48

at the exact same time that I never

3:51

have to live a moment again without

3:53

her. You're one of those

3:55

pet owners. I am fucking

3:57

now shocked that your pet died

3:59

before. you? I've had really, I've

4:01

had many pets who have passed

4:03

away. I don't

4:06

like to play favorites in the

4:08

life of my pets. They've all

4:10

been devastating in their own way.

4:12

But there is something about this

4:14

cat. That has me

4:17

a fucking emotional chokehold. Sometimes

4:19

I will just look at her. And she's

4:22

so cute that I like get really overwhelmed

4:24

and I start to cry. Well,

4:26

unless you own like a parrot

4:29

or a tortoise that like

4:31

live longer than a human,

4:35

I feel like you shouldn't expect. It's

4:37

fine. I'm gonna have her either cloned

4:39

or cryogenically frozen so she can be

4:41

reanimated when the technology catches up. Just

4:43

like what I'm gonna do with myself because I'm

4:45

too selfish to face the reality

4:48

of death. Anyway, speaking of

4:50

the reality of death, what does my

4:52

child take today? My child

4:55

laughed for the first time today. So

4:58

amazing. Speaking

5:02

of the brevity of

5:05

life. So sweet and

5:07

amazing that you just lose

5:09

your mind. Yeah, that's fucking

5:11

incredible. Oh

5:13

God, Ray, he's struggling. Hold on.

5:16

He might unplug my microphone. Okay. What about

5:18

it is misery? I really should.

5:20

I should take him out back. What's

5:22

our topic today? Oh, our

5:25

topic. Our

5:27

topic. Take it, Mama. It's

5:29

yours. It's kind of my topic. I sort

5:31

of plug this into

5:33

the calendar when we did autopsies. That's

5:36

the autopsy crimes. So today's

5:39

topic is Last

5:41

Supper. So

5:44

like stomach content. There it

5:46

is. The

5:48

Jamba Ne pineapple. We're not talking about

5:50

that. Fuck. I missed

5:52

the golden. I'm sorry for me mentioning it

5:55

just that. Well, we covered Jamba Ne Ramsey's

5:57

case before. So Pineapple has a state of

5:59

appearance. Well, I could have. Done.

6:02

A deep dive into the pineapple,

6:04

but I guess that's ok, that

6:06

kind of shit. There's a lot

6:09

of lots of opportunities for a

6:11

commentary on like what you've eaten.

6:14

Close to your last meal for

6:16

last summer and. If

6:18

examined. Would. Be

6:21

humiliating and basically any moment

6:23

did by life I've had.

6:26

Some. Successes: I Don't Wanna Die

6:28

and Lead Aureus. Oh, I

6:30

wish that would be so good. I don't

6:32

want to die under mysterious circumstances anyway just

6:34

because you know I will my loved ones

6:36

to deal. With that's the had a

6:38

fight do die in such. A way

6:41

that requires autopsy. I'm so glad

6:43

that I will be two dead

6:46

to be embarrassed by the subway

6:48

car that today would most like

6:50

optimizers and of while I've had

6:53

a really bad food they hide.

6:56

Microwave easy Mac so I've

6:58

eaten Today I did. Throw

7:00

up this morning. All that.

7:03

Well. It happens. I

7:05

did have was my only i beg

7:08

to tragic sachs that would like to

7:10

get my blood sugar back up. And

7:12

as good as the one so. I

7:16

feel better. Throw. Brown have

7:18

been claddagh. Ah,

7:20

the only thing I've eaten

7:22

today is a. Not.

7:24

Even dislike I can. but like ones

7:27

a bigger cans of spaghetti and meatballs.

7:29

Have you thought guns and love spaghetti?

7:31

Oh, I'm glad that we're both having

7:33

a really gross. Food. Day.

7:36

I mean here's the same

7:38

I. Hold my

7:40

childhood for most of the day

7:43

while Corey goes to work and

7:45

then we record at night. So

7:47

for the most part, what I

7:50

eat during the day is like

7:52

one hand and exactly I don't

7:55

eat it. a microwave, Or heat

7:57

up with one pot. Yep!

8:00

And just plop into a bowl and he

8:02

was a spoon While you've got on hand.

8:04

Occupy as is like what I way. How

8:07

they want to eat is what I

8:09

am able to eat like holding a

8:11

child with one hand. But but on

8:13

days like today, there's a for to

8:15

that alignment. Of. You.

8:17

Always want to eat spaghetti o's. I

8:20

mean yes that's because yeah I always

8:22

keep of a fresh start of spaghetti

8:24

and when he and the spaghetti o's

8:26

on him. But also. I asked me

8:28

what a cubs the spaghetti O's like I

8:30

said elsewhere. So. I don't know. Is it

8:32

a year of purchase? You eat them? But

8:36

also just our No. So Sable thought

8:38

I didn't have to leave the house

8:40

to go to the grocery store. I

8:43

met up with my friend we may

8:45

be went to the bars I maybe

8:47

have a fresh layer of like vodka

8:49

and like grapefruit juice in their own.

8:52

Wow good a lot. If you were

8:54

to autopsy my stomach right now it

8:56

would be of very uncomfortable bland of

8:59

spaghetti o's of meatballs and Tito's and.

9:01

Great. For. Us.

9:06

Have a. Listen, there's a

9:08

reason you don't like for tell

9:10

what is pretty simple. Deja is

9:13

not a whole day to day.

9:15

Out a pretty picture. No.

9:18

Vegetables. Contain. That. Night.

9:20

On ones I am having a salad. For dinner

9:23

because my neighbor is making Caesar salads.

9:26

And. They are dropping them

9:28

off for me. I am hold now.

9:30

We're working with. Am hoping that

9:32

Corey will roast the brussel sprouts that

9:34

I prepared. I did just say or

9:37

vegetables. Yeah. He's only has been

9:39

to make that's fine whether he makes

9:41

a matter now. Okay anyway let's get

9:43

on to let's. See. Our

9:46

last supper a Summit Clinton all

9:48

that forensics to get some juicy

9:50

forensic seer. Beyond the before we

9:52

get to that, let's talk about

9:54

our wine crime pairing. Amanda. What?

9:56

I don't have a wine that's

9:58

like a perfect match. For

10:00

today. I. Am drinking at

10:03

the twenty eighteen rosa obscure a

10:05

red blend because a handle on

10:07

hand but. I. Do

10:09

want to share some information that I

10:12

got that connects the benefits of red

10:14

wine in general. To Overload.l.

10:18

Mostly. To make me feel better. About drinking red

10:20

wine on an easy mac and hi choose

10:22

being the only thing I used today when

10:24

I threw up like ten hours ago. It's

10:26

fi oh did it I made me feel

10:29

better about your diet that you did You

10:31

did it because our about nothing I have

10:33

you made after all that letter. Has

10:36

dismissed. So I found this article because everyone is

10:38

always like oh yeah read one so it can

10:40

be good for you and it has any accidents

10:42

and bubble baths but I wanted to like. Go.

10:45

A little deeper into Like wise.

10:47

That's even. The. Case I

10:50

found this article from

10:52

a helpline.com entitled Red

10:54

Wine Got Health Benefits.

10:56

So else has. If you're going to

10:58

drink alcohol, make it red wine. That's

11:00

been the growing concerns the for a

11:02

while and a new study adds to

11:04

that argument. Researchers in the United Kingdom

11:07

say that people in their study who

11:09

drink red wine had healthier levels of

11:11

bacteria in their guts that people who

11:13

drink other types of alcohol. The on

11:15

the phone ringing red wine was associated

11:17

with ah, lower B M I which.

11:19

Is controversial and also be am

11:21

I was like a literal product

11:23

of racism the like fuck B

11:26

M I've been it is still

11:28

use in a medical capacity unfortunately

11:30

but it also lowers levels of

11:32

Ldl which is have you know

11:34

the the cortical bad cholesterol is

11:36

the cholesterol back and. More.

11:39

Severely harm your heart

11:41

function. So lower that cholesterol.

11:43

The findings filled off of previous findings

11:45

about the potential health benefits of drinking

11:47

red wine of at least compared to

11:50

the benefits of drinking other. Types of

11:52

alcohol quoted the attitudes One type of our

11:54

all red wine would be the one to

11:56

pick said Caroline Love Roy P. H D

11:58

a researcher at King's College. London.

12:01

And. First author. of the new

12:03

study were wholly also oh boy.

12:05

We. Also saw a low amount of red

12:08

wine seem to have it affect she's added.

12:10

So if you choose to drink red wine,

12:12

drink in moderation because that's all you'll probably

12:14

need. Okay will fuck you Carolina. Roy of

12:16

the drug have mostly been one. Of

12:19

the alcohol including red wine

12:21

can raise your chances of

12:23

several types of cancer. Just

12:25

as alcohol in general can do that.

12:28

The. Less alcohol you drink, the lower your risk. Of

12:30

Cancer. According to the Centers for Disease Control

12:32

and Prevention, the agency also says a long

12:35

term alcohol use can lead to problems with.

12:37

Your. Heart your liver, your got, and your

12:39

memories. It could also lead to social problems

12:41

such as productivity or unemployment. This is obviously

12:44

getting into. The. Space of like substance

12:46

use disorder so as to see us have

12:48

to be mindful of. The. United

12:50

States Department of Agriculture's dietary Guidelines

12:53

recommend that if alcoholic consumers. We

12:55

know more than one drink per day for women

12:57

and two drinks per day for men. Bassil. Sexist.

13:00

Fuck. Off the physicists it. But here

13:02

are the specific benefits of red wine.

13:05

The. Emerging consensus appears to be to

13:07

make those water to drink red

13:09

wine Or review of recent studies

13:11

last year for example, found one

13:13

to two glasses of specifically red

13:15

wine a day has been a

13:17

sit associated with human health promotion

13:19

as well as disease prevention and

13:21

outcomes. A twenty. but if you

13:24

don't like red wine to that or like

13:26

red wine, learn to like it. Bet you

13:28

did find one you Drake one. A

13:31

commercial that. Yeah is like a P

13:33

know. Something. Amazon reveal

13:35

a subpoena top. I. Think

13:37

the piano wire. they're basically the same

13:39

thing. Yeah. But. Flight.

13:42

I mean I guess if I drink

13:44

more than one. And. I drink

13:46

less than one or one or less. that

13:48

wouldn't it would. It conforms to these guidelines,

13:50

but laden and are Now if I drink

13:53

more than one glass of red wine I

13:55

feel nauseous. I still got. listen, if I

13:57

want to get my balls on, I'm not

13:59

picking. red wine But if I want

14:01

to like nurse a glass especially if like

14:03

with dinner Red wine is gonna

14:05

be where it's at if I want to get a buzz

14:07

on I'm probably gonna rip a shot I'm

14:09

not gonna follow these fucking guidelines. I'm at me,

14:11

bro. A 2016

14:14

study found that people with conditions such as high

14:16

blood pressure and high blood sugar saw Improvements

14:19

in the levels of beneficial bacteria in

14:21

their gut after drinking red wine having

14:24

better gut Microbiotic of

14:26

bacteria has been linked to better

14:28

heart health and metabolism In

14:31

the most recent study dr. La Roy and her

14:33

colleagues found people who drank red wine had not only

14:36

improved gut Microbiotic but

14:38

had lower BMI and lower levels

14:40

of LDL cholesterol which can cause

14:42

heart disease those last two observations

14:44

She said quote might be partly due

14:46

to gut microbiota Diversity

14:49

but La Roy said quote we

14:51

think it's connected because we know gut

14:53

microbiota is involved in heart disease The

14:56

potential link between red wine and gut health could

14:58

help explain the other big potential benefit red one

15:01

has been linked to which is Heart health which

15:03

is what I have heard about before Yes,

15:06

some studies have found people who drink moderate amounts

15:08

of red wine have lower rates of heart disease

15:10

at high blood pressure But

15:12

like other wine health claims This is

15:14

still a matter of debate the American

15:17

Heart Association Says that the

15:19

link is reported in many of these studies

15:21

may be due to other lifestyle factors rather

15:23

than alcohol such factors may

15:25

include increased physical activity and a diet

15:27

high in fruits and vegetables and lower

15:29

and saturated fats like people who are

15:32

Drawn to red wine as their

15:34

alcohol of choice are like already

15:36

making other in many cases other

15:39

Quote about whole field choices of their lives. So

15:41

it's kind of hard to tell red

15:44

wine does contain polyphenols and This

15:48

says that last point is what La

15:50

Roy thinks likely explains the benefits associated

15:52

with red wine in her study Polyphenols

15:55

a chemical with antioxidants and

15:57

other beneficial properties are found in

15:59

red wine wine in much higher numbers than other

16:01

types of alcohol, including white wine. So

16:03

white wine has some, but the red

16:06

wine has more prolonged contact with the

16:08

skins. And so you get the

16:10

nutrients that like come from the skin. White

16:13

wine is typically white, not just because

16:15

the grape is white, but they also

16:17

limit some of the contact with the

16:20

skins during the pressing. She

16:22

said there are seven times more polyphenols in

16:24

red wine than white wine. And she believes

16:26

that's what explains the association with better

16:29

gut bacteria and likely heart health.

16:31

Quote many studies have shown polyphenols have

16:33

an effect on gut microbiota. LaRoy

16:36

said, but polyphenols are also

16:38

found in berries, chocolate, beans.

16:42

Oh, I'm so healthy. Yeah,

16:44

these are all, these are a

16:46

few of my favorite things.

16:48

Vodka, SpaghettiOs. Oh,

16:51

beans and a variety of fruits

16:53

and vegetables. So I just thought

16:55

that was really interesting and

16:58

would be kind of a fun way to

17:00

link the fact that I

17:02

do not have a good wine pairing

17:04

today with the red wine that I

17:06

do have on hand, which

17:08

again is the Rosa Obscura. It's a

17:11

California red blend. It's 14.2% ABV. The

17:14

varietals are not listed. We've discussed that many

17:17

times that especially in the US, if you're

17:19

drinking a blend, a wine blend, they don't

17:21

have to tell you exactly what the varietal is in

17:23

there, but that you can get an idea

17:25

of what your blend is made of from

17:27

not only the tasting notes, but the bottle

17:29

shape. So this bottle shape does suggest

17:31

to me that this is a cab heavy red

17:33

blend as do the tasting notes, which boasts rolled

17:36

fruit, juicy berry flavors, rich,

17:39

full bodied wine with a nice

17:41

smooth texture. So I would imagine

17:43

this is probably like a

17:45

cab zine type,

17:49

especially if it's out of California, those are going to

17:51

be like your top two blended

17:54

reds. So should we pop it open? Let's

17:57

pop it. How can that? I

17:59

also have yet another simply spiked

18:01

limeade. Here we go. Oh,

18:06

that was a nice pop. Indeed.

18:08

Cheers to

18:13

you. Oh, yeah,

18:17

that is. That's real nice.

18:19

That sounds great. It

18:21

does. I'm gonna crack this open real

18:23

quick. Oh,

18:26

that was like a

18:29

commercial grade. Well,

18:31

I got really strong post baby

18:33

nails. Yeah, you do.

18:35

I didn't risk breaking anything.

18:38

Cheers, bitch. Cheers to you.

18:40

Oh, may our

18:42

summit contents be less embarrassing.

18:45

May I not die tonight? May I have

18:47

eaten a

18:53

banana in the last week

18:55

before God, I don't remember the last time

18:57

I had a fruit that wasn't in a chewable

18:59

candy form. Okay, before we

19:01

dive in to your segment,

19:03

should we take a quick

19:06

break to your word from

19:08

our sponsor? Yes, please. Gotta

19:11

give a quick shout out to Rocket Money, who sends

19:14

me regular emails about

19:17

any time any of my

19:19

subscription prices increases. Oh,

19:22

I love that. Because I

19:25

don't pay attention to that. No.

19:28

And Rocket Money does.

19:30

And not only that, but Rocket

19:32

Money can help you cancel unwanted

19:34

subscriptions with just a couple clicks.

19:36

They are really looking out for

19:39

you in this thing we call adulthood that

19:41

none of us are prepared for. I literally

19:44

just used it the other day

19:46

because I had done a free

19:48

trial of like a remote control

19:50

app. Don't ask. And

19:54

I forgot about it and they charge $25

19:56

a year. for

20:00

a remote control app for a TV

20:02

that I will never be in the

20:04

same room with again. Oh

20:06

my lord. I know see

20:08

this is why I need

20:10

Rocket Bunny. They have saved me so

20:13

many times. If

20:15

you're wondering what Rocket Bunny is that we

20:17

are going so ham for.

20:19

Rocket Bunny is a personal finance

20:21

app that finds and cancels your

20:23

unwanted subscriptions, monitors your spending and

20:25

helps lower your bills so that you

20:28

can grow your savings. It's truly

20:30

amazing with Rocket Bunny. I have full control

20:32

over my subscriptions and a clear view of

20:34

my expenses. So I can see

20:36

all of my subscriptions in one place and if

20:39

I see something I don't want like a remote

20:41

control app that's $25. Rocket

20:44

Bunny can help me cancel it with a few

20:47

taps. And

20:50

it's just such an easy interface. Like I

20:52

love how the dashboard shows me this month's spending

20:55

compared to last month. I can clearly see my

20:57

spending habits and they help me curate a constant

20:59

budget and keep my spending on track.

21:01

Rocket Bunny will even negotiate to lower

21:04

your bills for you by up to 20%. So

21:07

all you have to do is submit a picture of a

21:09

recurring bill that you have and Rocket Bunny takes care of

21:11

the rest. They will deal with customer service for you and see if they

21:14

can get you a better rate. Rocket Bunny

21:16

has over 5 million users and has

21:18

saved a total of $500 million in

21:20

cancelled subscriptions. Saving

21:24

members up to $740 a year when

21:26

using all of the app's features more for

21:29

members like me will impulse

21:32

control problems at ADHD. Rocket

21:35

Bunny is truly your best friend. Do not

21:37

sleep on this. Yeah, I

21:39

paid way too much for an accidental

21:42

year of Facetune. You

21:45

know how much I post on social media. You

21:47

know how much I use that. That's

21:50

incredible. So

21:53

stop wasting money on things you

21:55

don't use. Cancel your unwanted subscriptions

21:57

by going to Rocket Bunny. That's

22:00

rocketmoney.com/gals, rocketmoney.com/gals,

22:03

and that's

23:00

a huge discount. So

23:03

I can't speak highly enough about Stitch Fix.

23:05

I normally wear a lot of like black

23:08

and gray, and I specifically asked my

23:10

stylist to please help me introduce some

23:12

color to my wardrobe because it's all

23:14

looking the same. Yeah, you're like

23:17

our little Wednesday. You want to branch out. I

23:19

do want to branch out. It's spring.

23:21

So now I have some like terracotta

23:23

colored joggers. Cute. Yeah,

23:27

among other things. So like

23:29

I said, she really helped me take my wardrobe

23:31

to the next level. My stylist

23:33

knows what works for me, sometimes even better

23:35

than I do myself. Would I have picked

23:37

out terracotta colored joggers on my own? No,

23:40

probably not. But I love them. They look

23:42

real cute with the shoes that I also

23:44

got in my fix. Yeah.

23:47

So they helped me discover new things about

23:49

my style. It's like my stylish best friend

23:51

is shopping for me. And

23:54

it just makes you feel more confident when you

23:56

put on like a really good outfit. They also

23:59

come with like a... a little card that

24:01

shows you how to style all of your new looks.

24:04

And when you look good, you feel good. And it shows.

24:07

So I just give my stylist my size,

24:09

my style, my budget preferences. When I was

24:11

pregnant, I had to pull maternity clothes. They've

24:15

got everything. So I order boxes when I

24:17

want to, how I want to. There's no

24:19

subscription required. And then she

24:22

sends five Just For Me pieces plus

24:24

outfit recommendations and like I said, these

24:26

pro styling tips. So I just

24:28

keep what I love. I send back the rest in

24:30

a prepaid envelope. It couldn't be

24:32

easier. This is a

24:34

personalized styling service. It's

24:36

so nice too because once you're like set

24:38

up with Stitch Fix, they have your sizes

24:40

saved so that when you are shopping on

24:42

their website for stuff that you just want

24:44

or like putting together your box, like you're

24:47

more confident that the stuff that's arriving is

24:49

actually going to fit. I mean, it's just

24:51

like it gives you so much peace of mind. We've

24:53

also talked about jeans before. Listen,

24:56

all of my jeans that fit are from Stitch Fix. That

24:59

is a miracle in

25:01

itself. It's actually a miracle.

25:03

So this is a style that makes you

25:06

feel as good as you look. Get started

25:08

today at Stitch fix.com/gals. That's Stitch

25:10

Fix dot com slash gals.

25:12

One more time. Stitch fix.com/gals and

25:14

treat your wardrobe. Okay.

25:18

Lucy, what is our background in

25:20

psych and whatever the fuck else you're

25:22

going to ruin my life with for last supper?

25:27

Because I know it's coming. I

25:29

know something's coming. I

25:32

don't think there's nothing

25:34

terribly disturbing here. Oh,

25:37

so I'm going to start with like

25:39

autopsies because that's where we get the

25:41

stomach contents from. So in

25:43

most autopsies, the contents of the

25:46

stomach are important pieces of evidence

25:48

that can sometimes serve as forensic

25:51

evidence between accidental

25:53

deaths and foul play. While

25:57

like popular media may.

26:00

try this investigation as pathologists emptying

26:02

the deceased stomach contents to analyze

26:04

them in hopes of figuring out

26:06

what they ate and when they

26:08

ate it. It's not quite

26:11

that in actual

26:13

real life. Okay. They definitely

26:15

empty the stomach contents, but

26:18

like, we'll get to it. But

26:20

wait, there's more. There's definitely

26:22

more. Okay. Forensic pathologists collect samples

26:24

from organs and other body tissues

26:26

to be sent to pathology for

26:28

further testing. So it's not just

26:31

stomach contents when we talk

26:34

about, for example, toxicology reports.

26:36

Sure. It's different fluids

26:38

from different parts of the body. Okay. Autopsies

26:42

can only be performed if they receive the

26:44

proper consent from the family and are performed

26:46

by forensic pathologists who

26:48

are assisted by a mortuary

26:51

or pathology technician. And

26:54

these examinations can take up to three hours. So

26:57

is the family consent thing

26:59

though, kind of overridden if

27:02

there is a crime afoot? Yes.

27:05

If if if they

27:07

suspect that it is foul

27:09

play, then like police

27:12

basically can override that or

27:14

like a court authority can

27:17

override that. Because otherwise anyone

27:19

like killing their spouse could be

27:21

like, no, no autopsy

27:23

and help, you know, hide them.

27:26

Right. And I think in, I think

27:28

in, I

27:32

feel like we talked about this recently, but like,

27:35

if if the courts don't

27:37

want an autopsy, or if nobody is

27:39

pushing for an autopsy outside of the

27:41

family, if the family wants

27:44

an autopsy, then they have to pay

27:46

for it. And it's several thousands of

27:48

dollars. Yes, it is. Whereas if the

27:50

court orders it, if they think that

27:52

there's somebody to prosecute, if there's foul

27:54

play, then they, then the state will

27:56

cover it. The

27:58

stomach contents are just a part of an

28:01

autopsy if we're talking about

28:03

like possible poisoning or you

28:06

know it depends on what the

28:08

perceived uh cause

28:10

of death really is okay so you

28:13

may recall some of this information from

28:15

our autopsies episode which was like like

28:18

25 episodes ago 25 years

28:21

ago but i did want to set

28:23

the scene here because i just

28:26

love autopsies so you do the

28:29

corpse is laid out on an examination

28:31

table which is set to be at

28:33

waist level so it allows for easy

28:35

ergonomic examination of the body because you

28:37

got to protect your back you

28:40

got to have it at the right at the right level and

28:43

i also have to imagine that they're on like

28:45

a like a lift of some sort they must

28:47

be because every body is different yeah

28:50

if you're a short pathologist you're

28:53

going to want that at the proper level the

28:56

table is stainless steel it's

28:58

also mobile and slightly slanted

29:01

with raised edges and a

29:03

running water source at the

29:05

top that allows for

29:07

easy washing away of water fluids

29:10

yeah things are going to encounter

29:12

a lot of fluids leaks happen

29:15

leaks happen the pathologist utilizes

29:18

a scalpel to make the y

29:20

incision which begins between the top

29:22

of the shoulders and the armpits

29:25

and then extends downward towards the

29:27

lower abdomen from each shoulder so

29:29

that's that's your y incision after

29:33

the incision is made the skin is

29:35

pulled away to allow for an easier

29:37

view of the organs the

29:39

ribs are removed to expose

29:41

the organs for further examination

29:44

and then the

29:46

pathologist will not always this is

29:48

like a different technique but the

29:51

most common technique is for

29:53

the pathologist to remove all of the

29:56

internal organs at the same time like

29:59

right away take them all out and

30:01

put them in like a bucket? Well,

30:03

they put them on a separate table for A, further

30:07

examination and like dividing

30:09

them up. Okay. And

30:12

also B for weighing them individually, they

30:14

weigh them. Okay, that makes

30:17

sense because certain organs could be like

30:19

enlarged or too small and that can indicate

30:21

cause of death as well. Exactly,

30:23

like if you have a super enlarged heart,

30:25

if your heart weighs like however many grams

30:27

more than the average heart of a person

30:30

your age, then it's probably a heart issue.

30:33

So weighing them is usually like the first

30:36

thing that they do to determine if that's like

30:39

an area they have to investigate further. Right.

30:42

So the pathologist will then

30:44

drain the intestines and dissect

30:46

the stomach to view any

30:48

possibly undigested food or other

30:50

substances that may indicate a

30:53

cause of death. I

30:55

can only imagine how

30:57

that would smell. Oh my

30:59

God. I think I told you guys about the

31:01

book that I read. I think it's called Autopsy.

31:05

I don't remember what episode I talked about

31:07

this in, but oh, it was

31:09

the Lightning. I think

31:11

I did a whole jump dive about this,

31:13

like Lightning's death. Yes. It's

31:15

a book called Autopsy. It's by a

31:17

pathologist who I think

31:19

is Australian. I don't even remember, I'm

31:21

so bad at this. But basically in

31:24

that book, that author

31:26

talks about cutting open the intestines

31:28

and it's very stinky because it's

31:30

like the sewage system of the

31:33

body. It's waste. It's waste in

31:35

different stages of

31:37

expulsion, on

31:42

route to expulsion. It's not great.

31:45

No. But hopefully the intestines up

31:47

closer to the stomach reek less than

31:49

the intestines that are down closer to

31:51

the stomach. Yeah. I

31:54

don't know if you're going to like the colon. Yeah.

31:57

Fingers crossed. Fingers crossed, but they

31:59

have to. profession where oh,

32:01

I just hope I don't get too

32:03

many wreaking colons today gal

32:08

Gal is right. Yeah Blatter

32:11

not gonna smell good. I mean, I

32:14

don't feel like you entered the profession

32:16

of like a pathologist

32:19

For good smell without the expectation

32:21

of smelling bad shit frequently.

32:24

Literally. Yeah, that's fair. You're not a

32:26

florist, honey No, you

32:29

also like masks and stuff like there are ways

32:31

to kind of yeah, whatever

32:34

temper your expectations again So

32:37

if a meal is fully digested

32:40

then examiners can hypothesize that the

32:42

person passed at least Six

32:45

to eight hours after their last meal

32:48

But everyone is really different. So

32:50

like one of the reasons why it's

32:54

It's sort of like a bite

32:56

mark. Yeah analytics not a courtroom

33:00

It's very like a smoking guy Lee.

33:02

Well, I mean I think about even

33:04

myself. I have fucking gastro paresis, which

33:06

is partial Paralyzation

33:08

of my digestive system. Yes, so

33:10

stuff is not going to follow

33:12

the same You

33:14

know digestive protocols as

33:17

like an able-bodied person. Absolutely not

33:20

so when we talk about Examining

33:23

stomach contents to determine like

33:25

when this person last eight

33:29

It's not very reliable.

33:31

Yeah, it's super not

33:33

so like it can take up to

33:36

two days for food to be fully

33:38

reduced to the liquid pulp that

33:40

the essential proteins are extracted like

33:45

Depending on your body can it could take a

33:47

while for your food to really be yep broken

33:50

down properly Pulpified enough.

33:53

Yeah, exactly That

33:55

said the stomach stops working

33:57

after death which like fucking

33:59

does But this

34:01

also creates like sort of a time

34:03

capsule of the victims last moments. The

34:07

stomach contents can also reveal if

34:09

the deceased was experimenting with drugs

34:12

or if they had eaten like

34:15

for example some exotic food that may

34:17

have caused some kind of poisoning. But

34:20

it's hard to say. It depends

34:23

on where they lived, how they

34:25

lived, whether they were traveling. Like,

34:27

you know, if you live in

34:29

so many factors. All of this

34:31

is like very highly contextualized, but

34:33

depending on the victim. I mean

34:35

it's such a puzzle, like we'll kind of

34:38

get to it in part of my segment,

34:40

but like the stomach contents only give one

34:43

piece of the picture. But

34:46

it can be such a fucking valuable piece

34:48

and then guide you in the direction of

34:50

so many other things

34:52

to look for. It's pretty

34:54

incredible. It's like a crazy

34:57

loose puzzle piece that could, it

35:00

ranges from like it doesn't matter

35:02

at all to like this is the

35:04

missing. Yeah,

35:07

link. So it's

35:11

really, really crucial in a lot of

35:13

cases and very much a total

35:15

waste of time and resources in other cases.

35:17

In others, yeah. It's a general

35:20

rule that the stomach contents are analyzed

35:22

for trace elements of poisons or other

35:24

toxins. But again, that's mostly

35:27

in the cases of

35:29

like suspected accidental deaths

35:31

or suicide or homicide. They're

35:34

not just going to check that with every

35:36

cadaver that comes to the table. Absolutely.

35:39

There isn't reason to do so. So

35:42

like, logistically, after the

35:45

stomach is emptied, a pathologist

35:47

might use a sieve tower.

35:50

So like four

35:53

or five or more sieves

35:55

stacked on top of each other to separate

35:59

the solids from. the liquids. So

36:02

like the contents kind of kind of

36:04

go down through it and it's like

36:07

the liquid there the solids are retained,

36:09

the liquids are drained out. It's

36:12

a sieve. Yeah. Then

36:15

after that it's possible to use a 70% alcohol solution to

36:19

halt any enzymatic digestion and

36:22

bacterial degradation of the stomach

36:24

contents. That was gonna be

36:26

my question because I know you

36:29

said that like the the stomach and

36:31

the digestive system stopped working at death obviously

36:33

but the acid and the bacteria are still

36:35

in there and those are like essentially well

36:37

the bacteria is a living thing. Exactly.

36:40

So that's kind of an independent

36:43

yeah that's like an independent system. So

36:45

if you were really taking a close

36:47

look at the solids of the

36:50

stomach of a deceased person you

36:54

would probably rinse it with

36:56

this 70% alcohol solution to

36:58

stop that

37:00

process. So you could feasibly set it aside

37:02

or store it and then come back and

37:05

get the same information and not have it

37:07

degrade while it's in storage. Absolutely.

37:09

Yes. Yeah. I

37:11

mean I imagine that too can really

37:14

disrupt the process

37:17

of like establishing time of death if

37:19

somebody or even cause of death if

37:21

somebody was found a long

37:23

time later and those

37:25

bacterial and acidic properties were not

37:27

halted in the stomach then that

37:29

kind of destroys that evidence too.

37:32

Yep and I'll kind of get to that a little bit later

37:34

too. Cool. Okay. And

37:36

then as the liquid portion that kind of

37:38

drains out the bottom of this sieve tower

37:40

that can be examined under

37:43

a microscope to confirm what those

37:45

solid foods were. Okay. So it

37:48

could be like oh this kind of

37:50

looks like a Brussels sprout but I'm

37:52

going to kind of lay down on

37:54

like a microscopic level. Examine

37:56

the liquids to make sure that like that

37:58

kind of run up aligns with

38:01

the characteristics of brussel

38:03

sprouts or whatever. That's

38:05

fucking cool. I'm

38:07

also having brussel sprouts for dinner later tonight.

38:09

You mentioned it. So that's why that came

38:11

to mind. Mm-hmm. I'm

38:14

just really excited for my brussel sprouts. I

38:16

eat my cruciferous vegetables. Mm-hmm.

38:19

After a day of scatios. Okay.

38:22

Yeah, felt. According to an

38:24

article on PubMed, using

38:26

the semic contents as a guide to

38:28

the time of death presents

38:31

many difficulties because it involves a degree

38:33

of imprecision that may mislead investigators and

38:35

the court. So we kind of touched

38:37

on this. There we go. Okay.

38:41

To determine the time of death, examiners

38:43

look more closely at body temperature and

38:45

rigor mortis for those who

38:47

have had more recent deaths. Mm-hmm.

38:50

Also, oh, what's it called? Your... The

38:53

pooling. The liquid behind your eye.

38:56

Oh, wow. Okay. What the fuck is that

38:58

called? I was thinking of, like,

39:00

the liver mortis, the pooling of bodily fluid. That,

39:03

too. There are lots

39:05

of things that can indicate a time of death,

39:07

and I think that... Right. ...semic contents are not

39:10

the most reliable because of all the

39:12

chemical reactions at play. Mm-hmm.

39:14

You know what I mean? That makes sense. Yeah.

39:16

That makes perfect sense. For body

39:18

sounds like later, like

39:20

days and weeks and months later, they

39:23

look at decomposition and also insect activity, which

39:26

we've definitely touched on that. Mm-hmm.

39:29

One thing that I found... This

39:32

is very specific, but pizza

39:34

is an oddly specific food

39:37

that could tell you a lot

39:39

about how someone died. So,

39:42

generally, when someone eats pizza, it's

39:44

kind of an indication of a

39:47

more social, like, spur-the-moment meal. Interesting.

39:51

Which could indicate that the deceased was

39:53

potentially lured into a

39:55

false sense of security with their

39:57

murderer. Again, this is all depending

39:59

on... context, but there's like, I

40:02

found a couple of articles that specifically

40:04

mentioned pizza, if you can find pizza,

40:06

which usually doesn't break down

40:09

for at least two hours after you

40:11

eat it. I was gonna say pizza

40:13

is a hot

40:15

topic in the diabetes community

40:17

because dosing insulin for pizza

40:20

is like a notorious challenge because you get

40:23

carbohydrates from the crust. But

40:26

the toppings are almost all protein,

40:28

like especially cheese and meat that's

40:30

super high protein and high fat.

40:33

And so that slows the metabolizing

40:35

of the carbs. And

40:37

so you can take, you know, if

40:39

I take two, if I look at two pieces

40:41

of pizza, and in my mind's eye, I'm like,

40:43

okay, that's probably 30 grams of carbs,

40:46

that's probably two units of insulin, it

40:48

might actually like plummet me right away.

40:50

Because it's like the insulin is working

40:53

on carbs that aren't even really being

40:55

processed yet, because they're slowed down by

40:57

the fat and the protein. But then

40:59

I'll spike hours later. So one

41:01

of the benefits of having a pump is you can split your

41:03

dose, I can give myself like 50% when I eat it. And

41:05

then 50% an

41:08

hour later, pizza is a

41:10

wild ride. So it's crazy.

41:14

But it doesn't surprise me to

41:16

hear that like pizza is a

41:18

thing in stomach contents for a multitude

41:20

of reasons, because it's a thing with

41:23

this specific chronic condition too.

41:27

And just like the social

41:29

conditions under which people generally

41:31

eat pizza really can tell

41:34

you about Not social,

41:36

I am a private pizza

41:38

eater. I'll

41:41

order pizza with a group, but

41:43

I will eat it later in

41:45

private. You know how I am. For

41:48

a frozen pizza household, if we do not know what

41:50

the fuck to make, we always have frozen pizza. So

41:52

Bill and I actually eat a lot of like, depression

41:55

pizza at home. I

41:58

actually sent my friend them been a meme

42:01

today that was like, oh,

42:03

when you're at the grocery store, you pick up

42:05

a frozen pizza and you're like, Oh, for the

42:07

next time, I don't feel like cooking. I'll just

42:09

have this in the freezer. And then it's like,

42:11

surprise bitch, that night is tonight. Tonight because you

42:13

have a frozen pizza. You have a backup plan.

42:15

You don't have to cook every

42:19

night, babe. Another thing that I found

42:21

interesting, like, again,

42:24

a lot of these like kind of

42:26

call outs are sort of really specific

42:28

examples. But for another example, a case

42:31

of mistaken identity could be cleared up

42:34

if a certain food was found in

42:36

the stomach contents of of

42:39

of a victim. But that

42:41

but that victim was allergic to

42:43

that food allergic or had you

42:45

know, a religious? Yes reason

42:47

not to eat it had you

42:49

know, was diabetic had like a

42:52

condition that would limit their

42:54

consumption of that product just

42:56

like hated that food

42:59

like a salmon and they found salmon

43:01

in their stomach. It's like something was

43:03

a myth. It's enough to cast doubt

43:05

for sure. I mean, in for a

43:08

jury, that's really fucking important information to

43:10

have if you have it available. Because

43:14

I think some of contents are

43:16

one of the few forensic pieces

43:18

of evidence that point to behavior,

43:20

and not just something

43:22

that a of victim was

43:24

subjected to, right, like a thing that

43:26

they did. Or

43:29

were forced into. Exactly, or

43:31

were forced into so that the the

43:33

semi content thing is, I think

43:35

really fucking interesting. It's

43:38

fascinating. So science and technology

43:40

are making enormous strides in

43:43

being able to use molecular

43:45

methods to determine species diets

43:47

in wildlife ecology. So they're

43:50

not typically using

43:52

this on like human forensic

43:54

level, but it is being

43:56

used in wildlife ecology. Interesting.

44:00

It's called DNA meta-barcoding.

44:03

Okay. Do you

44:05

know what PCR? I mean,

44:07

we've all had PCR COVID tests. Oh,

44:10

right, right, right. Yeah. So

44:13

it's PCR amplification and it's

44:15

basically the next generation of sequencing

44:18

of complex DNA mixtures. Interesting.

44:22

This next step, like we're getting even

44:26

like closer and further down

44:28

into DNA coding. Origins

44:32

coding? Okay.

44:35

Like figuring out exactly what little

44:38

pieces constitute this one thing

44:40

that you're examining. Weird.

44:43

We're getting further down into these

44:45

like smaller and smaller puzzle pieces

44:47

that make up, you know, a

44:49

subject that we're looking at. That's

44:51

wild. Oh. And if

44:53

they're starting that in wildlife, it's only a

44:56

matter of time before they use similar sequencing.

44:58

Exactly. So they're able to look at

45:00

like different wild animals

45:02

like poop and also gastric

45:04

content, stomach content to look

45:07

at their diet, to look at how their body is

45:10

like regulating these nutrients that

45:12

they're consuming. So

45:14

yeah, you're right. It's only a matter of time before

45:17

we use it in human forensic

45:20

applications and

45:22

stomach contents have historically been used also

45:24

for a magic. And

45:29

maybe magic isn't the right word, but like,

45:31

like illusions, like fortune

45:33

telling kind of. Oh,

45:36

okay. So. Sorcery.

45:39

It's spelled

45:42

Harus spicy, but it's

45:44

Harusicy. Yes,

45:47

I'm so glad you're talking about this.

45:49

Yes. So Harusicy is

45:51

the divination by examining the

45:54

entrails of sacrificial animals. And

45:56

this obviously isn't like

45:59

used. a bunch today

46:02

probably is somewhere but this is kind

46:04

of a product of ancient

46:06

Rome as is most shit

46:12

Haruspecy is my Roman Empire

46:15

okay it can be this

46:17

yeah exactly so in the religion

46:19

of ancient Rome which is directly

46:21

derived from a truce a

46:23

true skin religion a Haruspex

46:28

or a Haruspexa

46:30

I think was like the female version also

46:32

I started talking to this talking

46:35

about this to Ben who

46:38

took fucking Latin in college

46:40

and he was like

46:42

well you know all these all

46:45

these nouns are masculine

46:48

and feminine blah blah blah I was

46:50

like don't fuck you get out of

46:52

here Ben me why would

46:55

you study a dead religion anyway

46:57

you mean language yes sorry

46:59

dead language dead religion just

47:01

rolled off not I'm so

47:03

sorry it's not dead we're

47:05

keeping it alive well it

47:07

exists it it lives

47:10

on in other languages in

47:12

academia and other languages and

47:14

Ben's brain again it lives on

47:16

in Ben it lives on in Ben

47:19

so a Haruspex or a

47:21

Haruspex is a person was

47:24

a person trained to practice

47:26

a form of divination called

47:28

Haruspecy which

47:30

was the inspection of the

47:33

entrails of sacrificed animals particularly

47:36

the livers of sacrificed sheep

47:38

and poultry I think

47:41

it's very fucking cool and

47:44

obviously it wasn't being used in

47:46

this context for these reasons

47:49

but I do think it's

47:52

fucking cool how religious practices

47:55

or you know practices

47:57

of it of really any nature can

47:59

evolve over time time into

48:01

the more we know now

48:03

as like to be modern,

48:05

like real application. Yeah, I

48:08

just think that shit is so cool.

48:10

Like it makes me wish that I

48:12

had the patience for academia because anthropology

48:14

would be so fascinating. Just the study

48:16

of like humans and

48:19

humanity and way you know ways

48:21

that these cultural practices have evolved

48:23

over time to have to serve

48:25

some really solid utility in

48:27

our modern world. But like, I'm so

48:29

curious about the what

48:31

utility this served in

48:33

this particular context. And obviously, this was

48:36

a cultural practice. So it served utility

48:38

in that way. But it just like

48:40

makes me wish we had a fucking time machine

48:42

to go back and like, sit in on

48:44

one of these rituals. It's just

48:46

I find it so fascinating how you

48:48

can link things throughout history like that.

48:51

I do too. And I understand that

48:53

like, when we're talking about some of

48:55

the contents from like a forensic perspective,

48:58

that is not

49:00

the same as this hero

49:03

effects that we're talking about. But

49:05

you can see the connection. They

49:07

are linked and I think they both have

49:10

to do with like, seeking

49:12

answers in something like

49:15

entrails, the innards of

49:17

animals or other living beings, you

49:20

know. And yeah, anytime

49:22

that intersection of like, sort of like, religion,

49:25

magic, science, all

49:28

this stuff, it's like a very

49:30

fascinating place where modern

49:33

ideas kind of stems

49:35

from. Well, for sure, because we

49:37

use magic or sorcery

49:40

or whatever, before

49:42

we really had the

49:44

human understanding of certain

49:46

scientific explanations. I mean, that's how

49:48

we've defined the universe. Literally. That's how we

49:50

came up with like a fucking calendar. Yeah.

49:53

So I just think that shit like this is so

49:55

cool where it's like, yeah, for where we sit, it's

49:57

like, oh, wow, this is this could really.

50:00

is like a very, you know, barbaric

50:03

or very like, uneducated,

50:05

yeah, prehistoric kind of

50:08

cultural practice. But it's like,

50:10

what were they specifically

50:12

trying to accomplish by doing this? And

50:15

how has that connection then been linked

50:17

to what we do now

50:19

in a scientific capacity? I always think that

50:22

those kinds of like, links and research

50:24

are super fucking interesting. I

50:27

do too. And like, also think twice

50:29

before you like, discount

50:32

practices like this, because whether they be

50:34

magic or religious or cultural in any

50:37

way. And a thousand years from now,

50:39

we're going to be looking back at

50:41

things that we did today and been

50:43

like, how primitive, you

50:46

know, yeah, primitive. That's the word

50:48

I was looking for before. Yeah. So

50:52

we know what you meant. We know. So

50:56

various ancient cultures of the Near

50:58

East, such as the Babylonians also

51:00

read omen specifically from the liver,

51:02

a practice known,

51:05

also known by the Greek term, hepatoscopy,

51:10

or

51:13

haptomancy.

51:16

Great. Quote, the entrails, most importantly,

51:18

the liver, but also the lungs

51:20

and heart contained a large number

51:22

of signs that indicated the gods

51:24

approval or disapproval. So

51:27

these signs literally just like

51:29

medical research, but through the

51:32

lens of a higher power,

51:34

like to serve the purpose

51:36

of what was applicable to them, which was

51:38

like trying to communicate with the gods. And

51:40

now we just we look at this shit

51:42

and we go, Oh, okay, well, that wasn't

51:44

God, that was fucking liver failure. But now

51:46

we know what's causing that. You know what

51:48

I mean? Well, yes,

51:50

to a degree, I think a lot of these,

51:54

these readings they did, like,

51:56

for example, before they went

51:58

to war. or like

52:01

went on long travels or

52:04

like kind of put themselves

52:06

out there and went on some sort of like

52:08

adventure like they were taking a risk and

52:10

so this is more of like a signs

52:13

of what's to come and not signs

52:15

of like what befell the creature that they

52:17

were reading. Exactly. It

52:20

was more of like a fortune telling

52:22

endeavor. Got it. Okay, okay.

52:24

So yeah, not the same scientific

52:27

application but... Not quite the same

52:29

but like your heart's in

52:31

the right place and I

52:34

think that at the time they would have

52:36

taken that with the exact same sincerity. I

52:39

absolutely and I mean you

52:41

could argue that by inspecting

52:43

the organs of the creatures

52:47

that live in these

52:49

regions that they could

52:52

indicate certain like geographical

52:55

phenomena or you know

52:57

local disease like the water

52:59

supply, the food supply, like maybe

53:01

they don't know necessarily how to

53:03

connect those dots. But

53:06

like I could see that being an

53:08

early you know an

53:11

early practice to figure out like okay are we

53:13

gonna survive are we gonna thrive or are we

53:15

fucked? Because like what are we

53:17

looking for in these modern forensics other

53:19

than like omens? Right. And that's

53:22

sort of what they were looking for as well.

53:24

That's so fucking cool. So

53:27

these signs could be interpreted accordingly

53:29

to the appearance of the organs.

53:31

So for example if the liver

53:34

was quote smooth, shiny and full

53:37

as opposed to rough and shrunken.

53:40

So the Etruscans looked for

53:42

the caput eiocenaris or the

53:44

head of the liver. So

53:47

it's like a like a part

53:49

of the liver and it was considered... Okay, like

53:51

a whole inch. Yeah it was considered

53:54

a bad omen if this part was

53:56

missing from the animal's liver. So

53:58

the liver was like the... Primary part

54:00

of this. This

54:03

practice but I decide it was

54:06

interesting that the. We. As

54:08

humans have a history of

54:10

examining the internal organs and

54:12

their contents, some sort of

54:15

portend? Yeah, no. future

54:17

events or. God.

54:19

Protect past events. Really? for sure

54:21

we do. And so here's some

54:23

interesting information from a science direct

54:25

abstract and know I did not

54:27

pay for the full article. This

54:29

is the abstract, but to credit

54:32

the author. Doesn't. Buy shit

54:34

garros to zoo to ease.

54:36

The evidence derives from the

54:38

experiments in this article that

54:40

I did not pay for

54:42

with artificial gastric juices. Comparing

54:44

the rates of digestion from

54:46

various items of food showed.

54:49

That. Fish is more quickly digested

54:51

than meet with relatively small fish

54:53

being disintegrated and becoming unrecognizable within

54:56

a short time. So they give

54:58

you were to legacy that are

55:00

delusions. Yeah, fish like this. a

55:03

delicate meet. Source: Like a delicate

55:05

pro team? Yeah, It's so that

55:07

he it's lighter in color or

55:09

it's not like must believe money

55:11

like obese is or even chicken

55:14

gas or flip. Okay,

55:16

So. The lower the ph of

55:18

the gastric juice, the sasser

55:20

the rate of digestion. Experiments

55:23

with dogs to study the

55:25

rate of digestion of various

55:28

food products indicate that while

55:30

the residual stomach contents decrease

55:32

with time, there was still

55:35

approximately thirty six percent of

55:37

the food being digested last

55:39

in the senate after eight

55:41

hours. That that gives the kind of

55:44

a. Kind. Of an idea of like how

55:46

long it takes for. For. Food

55:48

to be broken down in the

55:50

stomach. Okay, yeah, I somewhat larger

55:52

amount of food a had been

55:55

were retained in the summer following

55:57

alcohol intake as compared with no

55:59

algo. Consumption sell. Alcohol flows

56:02

your digestion, Yes, New.

56:04

You're eating and drinking, you

56:06

might have a bit more

56:09

of a bellyache because alcohol

56:11

don't have the alcohol slows

56:13

the digestion. The digestion

56:16

happens less rapidly if you

56:18

are also consuming alcohol. Also

56:21

experiments performed on dogs to

56:23

determine their stomach contents Astor

56:25

deaths indicated that in high

56:28

temperature conditions for example be

56:30

ingested chance of me or

56:33

reduced to like a must

56:35

see sloppy consistency after three

56:37

days. Which. Suggests that

56:39

digestion will proceed to some extent

56:42

after death as future faction continues.

56:44

So like I said about. That

56:46

happen faster when it's hot and wet.

56:49

Yes, But also, like I said

56:51

that seventy Percent Alcohol. Dilution.

56:55

That. Were rinsing our our the

56:57

summit. Clinton was to halt

56:59

that breaking down if that

57:02

doesn't occur if it says

57:04

happen happening naturally. Just.

57:06

The natural chemical reactions in the

57:08

guys are going to continue to

57:10

break down the food after Das

57:12

even though the stomach itself is

57:15

not. The one that's actually

57:17

doing that breaking down. And

57:19

co this also both I mean all

57:22

of this is the show that like

57:24

stomach contents as a means to determine

57:26

like time of death is very. Tricky.

57:29

Yeah, it's not an exact science

57:31

for sure. There's too many. Contributing.

57:34

Factors like and fuck up that timeline. Exactly.

57:37

So. On the topic of

57:39

senate contents here and last meal Last

57:41

Suppers last supper is i met a

57:43

close us out with some criminals last

57:46

same as of same as last meals

57:48

and also some. Famous.

57:50

People's last meals. Okay,

57:53

So. Threads the Criminals go. Timothy Mcveigh

57:55

was put to death by leave lethal

57:57

injection in two thousand and one. And

58:00

if you. Don't. Remember when at

58:02

is. He was responsible for the

58:04

Ninety Ninety Five Oklahoma City Bombing

58:07

that killed one hundred and sixty

58:09

eight people and injured many more.

58:11

He was connected to the movie

58:14

Wage The Situation. Timothy Mcveigh requested

58:16

two pints of Ben and Jerry's

58:19

mint chocolate chip ice cream. I

58:22

would have preferred the fish food of office

58:24

food. I love the fish food. Ted.

58:27

Bundy was executed by Electric

58:29

Chair and Nineteen Eighty Nine.

58:32

He actually declined the last meal,

58:34

but he was offered a plate.

58:36

Of steak, eggs, hash browns and

58:38

coffee. But he didn't eat any

58:40

of it would slate. Why?

58:43

And the. I mean, I get it, you

58:45

probably stresses out a lot right before you're. Being.

58:48

Executed. Yeah. But wouldn't you

58:50

want a saint like if you are about to

58:52

be sent to the electric chair when she be

58:54

like I want to use my best face cream

58:57

on he is my best flip gloss I when

58:59

I mean. I would. Buy.

59:01

Yeah, I want to eat. The best to be all. I

59:03

have animals or Ted Bundy. I'm not

59:06

gonna lie, said Monday and out of

59:08

time trying to figure out that fucking

59:10

guy ever had to. So. Oh

59:13

wait. Why? It's. I.

59:15

Forgot my God Bless.

59:23

For. Gotta have that scared the senator me again.

59:29

Though is right. So.

59:31

Salma Barfield known as Death Row

59:33

Gray Any was the first woman

59:35

to be killed by lethal injection

59:38

in Nineteen Eighty Four since the

59:40

reinstatement of capital punishment seven years

59:42

prior. She requested a bag of

59:45

cheese doodles and a Coca Cola

59:47

good for her. Girl. Then

59:49

I. Did or I've

59:51

literally had popcorn and Girl Scout

59:54

cookies. For. Dinner last night That.

59:56

A little safer that he was. Not.

59:58

A Bad food. What's

1:00:01

that? Publicly divulging. Are away

1:00:03

I read the of salads

1:00:05

be delivered by my neighbor

1:00:07

really needs us. Sell. Those

1:00:09

are some same as criminals. Last

1:00:12

meals and some just regular old.

1:00:14

Same as Siebel. Last meal include

1:00:16

a Princess Diana. Who.

1:00:18

Had a last meal of Dover Sole,

1:00:20

which is that all that? It's like

1:00:22

a white fish. As.

1:00:25

That civil tempura and a

1:00:27

mushroom and asparagus omelette. some

1:00:29

less power stone in the

1:00:31

Ritz Carlton in Paris? Not.

1:00:34

A bad last meal girlfriend. Is

1:00:36

something of fucking great. Last

1:00:38

meal go off.yet Queen. Go

1:00:41

off Princess. Elvis

1:00:45

Presley had ice cream and six

1:00:47

chocolate chip cookies. And Will

1:00:49

Do It and Brittany Murphy had

1:00:52

a noodles time left overs and

1:00:54

a gate aid. Home

1:00:56

for I don't know what color

1:00:58

gator it is. it was health

1:01:00

energy flavor. Recovery Blue.

1:01:03

Blue. Blue

1:01:05

Rav. God. Bless her. Anyway,

1:01:08

okay, that's all I could come

1:01:10

up with in terms of Senate

1:01:12

Clinton. So you did play it

1:01:14

safe and I have fun stuff

1:01:16

for us. So let's hear a

1:01:19

quick word from our sponsors and

1:01:21

then get to the contents of

1:01:23

my segment. I love

1:01:25

it! I also most. People

1:01:27

around, frankly the world. Have

1:01:30

that. Disruptive habit

1:01:33

of doom strolling at night

1:01:35

instead of saw falling asleep.

1:01:37

Oh my God. It's truly

1:01:40

like the night habit that

1:01:42

has historically been the hardest

1:01:44

for me to kick. And

1:01:47

that is why hats has

1:01:49

say in such a godsend

1:01:52

to my sleep like so

1:01:54

many things his disrupt your

1:01:56

sleep routine Nice. I'm sure

1:01:59

that. The Country Ball I don't

1:02:01

necessarily share with us for some folks like

1:02:03

can't go to bed until like all the

1:02:05

dishes are gonna put away. I totally respect

1:02:07

that. I'm not like that I'm a social

1:02:09

media scroll. Earth. Ah, I'm also a

1:02:11

falsely for the Tv on Gao. It's

1:02:13

not. it's not healthy. You never feel

1:02:15

more awake during the day than you

1:02:18

do, and eleven Pm when you're. Trying.

1:02:20

To go to sleep truly? Are

1:02:22

falling into a habit of like doing these

1:02:24

things and set of establishing a good healthy

1:02:26

bedtime routine is super super easy. For

1:02:28

everybody to do I understand so.

1:02:31

My to do list that doesn't want

1:02:33

to win All the things he does

1:02:35

want me to sleep and hopefully do

1:02:38

is tell us more that sounds like

1:02:40

an episode. So many things had a

1:02:42

specific needs fees to do list for

1:02:44

our kids to that do in the

1:02:47

system social media caption up on bummer

1:02:49

that a million things don't want you

1:02:51

to sleep hat says had healthy to

1:02:54

sleep and creative said Sen habits that

1:02:56

make you feel better at night and

1:02:58

energize in the morning. I. Love

1:03:00

their have plus about little

1:03:03

to podcasts it's about us

1:03:05

So nice that has restore

1:03:07

how to build sleep habits

1:03:09

that maker unwind and will

1:03:11

Pretty simple and truly enjoyable

1:03:13

for a screen free that

1:03:15

time even when you're to

1:03:17

do list once. Food

1:03:19

otherwise. And

1:03:21

like I said with that has plus

1:03:23

assists and you can unlock premium of

1:03:25

routine Building features like to to unwind

1:03:28

which signals you when it's time for

1:03:30

bed and pillow talk love this and

1:03:32

audio series which is just like your

1:03:34

favorite bedtime tv shows. Without.

1:03:36

The screens that keep us is as listen to

1:03:38

them when they're little keepers Closed. And

1:03:40

it's so much immoral laughing it's

1:03:42

it's feel healthier I can't I

1:03:44

cannot for each other out had

1:03:47

enough. I truly love how how

1:03:49

it's like. Cops me and at night

1:03:51

and gently wake me up in the

1:03:53

morning. It's like I have a gentle

1:03:55

fairy godmother device see her, that. Only

1:03:57

leaves job but it's to light

1:03:59

of rock music. Wait, I might

1:04:01

just lay awake. That made Abdoulaye

1:04:03

ugly of a robot mother. I

1:04:05

love everly into my lover So

1:04:07

right now hatches offering our listeners

1:04:09

twenty dollars off your purchase of

1:04:11

the has restore and free shipping

1:04:13

and catch.c. O forward/gals.

1:04:16

Of is at half.c O

1:04:18

forwards less gals get twenty dollars

1:04:21

off and free shipping. One

1:04:23

more time passes at C O

1:04:25

Forward/gals and treat your slave traders.

1:04:28

Are you ready for my

1:04:30

case? Say. Yes,

1:04:33

I've been so excited for this

1:04:35

topic for so long. I have

1:04:37

a little smattering. I prepared. A

1:04:40

smorgasbord of oh stories.

1:04:42

And tails. And hopefully as we

1:04:44

sift through than we can all

1:04:46

learn a little something together. So

1:04:48

as a little taste aloe. I.

1:04:52

Get it? Discuss.

1:04:58

Figure against us that, such as

1:05:00

a lot of resources, there are

1:05:02

a few examples where a forensic

1:05:04

investigator use some contents to point

1:05:06

them in the right direction. Stuff

1:05:08

like these two little little by.

1:05:11

Both of these cases are are. Anonymous

1:05:13

and we aren't diving into them.

1:05:16

I just thought the forensic investigators

1:05:18

commentary. Specifically was interesting and

1:05:20

actually very much. Support what

1:05:22

you are talking about and your segment

1:05:24

so. An example One this

1:05:26

investigator was looking into the murder of

1:05:28

a young woman and said quote the

1:05:30

victims last known meal had come from

1:05:33

a fast food chain restaurant which had

1:05:35

a very limited menu. We found cells

1:05:37

of cabbage scenes and green peppers in

1:05:39

our examinations in addition to the onions,

1:05:41

tomato and lettuce or from like the

1:05:43

burnishing and so on. I said nine

1:05:45

up and that this episode. So hungry

1:05:48

I know I feel it into the first

1:05:50

three Items were not served at the fast

1:05:52

food restaurant. The young woman's character was such.

1:05:54

That she would not have eaten a

1:05:57

meal with a stranger nor was using

1:05:59

a lot. The own under particular evening

1:06:01

a that she was expected at her

1:06:03

parents' home for dinner. and like she'd

1:06:05

already. Eaten. Something. Yeah,

1:06:08

so this led investigators to conclude

1:06:10

that the victim had known her

1:06:12

killer and was like invited. To.

1:06:14

Join heard of Hiller?

1:06:16

The line? Yeah Ah.

1:06:19

And that was like a huge useful clue

1:06:21

in that case. And that showed. That.

1:06:24

Some contents are often not a smoking. Gun.

1:06:26

But rather a valuable part. Like puzzle

1:06:28

piece of building a case, generating leads.

1:06:30

or maybe none existed at all. Oh

1:06:33

my God. I feel so validated because

1:06:35

I saw the pizza thing. I was

1:06:37

like that makes sense but like how

1:06:39

often is that really useful of yeah

1:06:41

maybe you be looking at seats it's

1:06:44

like but even at it is yeah

1:06:46

but like he can. It's

1:06:49

a it's an indication of behavior. This

1:06:51

was an indication of behavior and behavior

1:06:53

that would have been enough out of

1:06:55

the ordinary to help point out a

1:06:57

suspect are like narrow suspects base on

1:06:59

the summer content Silver my bad would

1:07:01

ask food in their on top of

1:07:03

the healthier food that she had already

1:07:05

he'd not long before. And that

1:07:07

she wouldn't have just decided, oh, I already ate all

1:07:09

this food I'm going to now Go! I go to

1:07:11

Wendy's. Yeah. So she had to

1:07:14

have had a reason to go there, and

1:07:16

probably eight just to be polite, even. If she

1:07:18

was all that hungry. She. Was definitely

1:07:20

like lured or invited some well

1:07:22

ah mama so that was really

1:07:24

interesting and then of the same

1:07:26

investigator shared another story called. the

1:07:28

second example was a case of

1:07:30

a question to death and this

1:07:32

case a young boy died and

1:07:35

the prosecuting attorney suspected that the

1:07:37

child had been drowned by his

1:07:39

parents. But they didn't

1:07:41

really have a lot of evidence to support that.

1:07:43

For the parents claimed that the death was

1:07:46

accidental and that they were loving and concerned

1:07:48

parents. And they're sworn statements.

1:07:50

They said the just before the boys

1:07:52

accidents they have said him a snack

1:07:54

of canned fruit cocktail but there was

1:07:56

no evidence of any food having been

1:07:58

consumed by the child. Anywhere near the

1:08:00

time of his death. Like. His

1:08:03

stomach was mostly empty, which indicated he

1:08:05

had need much all day. Oh, so

1:08:07

if the boy had eaten can't for

1:08:09

a cocktail, we would have found evidence

1:08:12

of such fruits as pairs, peaches, Harrys

1:08:14

Graves, or pineapple. And they found no

1:08:16

cells and. The victim summit contents that

1:08:18

could in any way be identified as

1:08:20

coming from for cocktail. Does. Also

1:08:22

all have those skins game.

1:08:25

say they also get gas

1:08:27

that's what makes it to

1:08:29

infer cocktail. They do think

1:08:31

they skyn. A lot of it

1:08:33

sometimes in fruit cocktail, not. The cherries

1:08:35

anyway. Yeah. But out

1:08:37

a lot easier. I am. I wasn't It

1:08:40

wasn't there. As though. This

1:08:42

called into question the sworn

1:08:44

testimony. Of the parents not

1:08:47

just in this particular saying where

1:08:49

they were like know he gave

1:08:51

him for cocktail and then. Like.

1:08:53

Sent him up for bath time and then

1:08:55

he drowned. Oh my God. It's like is.

1:08:57

it also raises questions about the validity of

1:09:00

basically everything that they had. Said.

1:09:02

It. Are under oath. Because.

1:09:04

They have lied so egregiously about

1:09:07

something so verifiable. And so

1:09:09

in this case the stomach contents were

1:09:11

used to catch the victim's parents

1:09:13

in a lie making them the main

1:09:15

suspects in their own child murder. and

1:09:18

I don't know the outcome of like

1:09:20

again that some content data yeah changing

1:09:22

the course of an investigation. Were maybe

1:09:25

they weren't looking at the parents before.

1:09:27

And now it's like well, why the fuck would you lie about that

1:09:29

Now we are gonna lucky. Wow was so there's

1:09:32

a some interesting use of some a

1:09:34

contest that maybe aren't as like. Like.

1:09:36

What You said? What we see in the

1:09:38

media or on Tv. As. How they're

1:09:40

being used. That's like a totally different way that

1:09:43

they're being used. To guide and

1:09:45

investigation. Has. I was

1:09:47

cool. And. Way to really impress

1:09:49

him. Excited and cool is something

1:09:52

cool. I like these on these

1:09:54

like non conventional ways of that.

1:09:57

Sort. of content can be used

1:09:59

to identify Yeah, and

1:10:01

if not even like non-conventional

1:10:04

like in application, but just

1:10:07

like unexpected by

1:10:09

people like you and me who just

1:10:11

think of like, stomach contents like she

1:10:13

had macaroni and cheese at this diner

1:10:15

at this time and then went home

1:10:17

and was murdered. I

1:10:20

just think that's so cool. It's very cool. But

1:10:23

now we're gonna get into the meat

1:10:25

and potatoes. Yum. Of

1:10:27

my case. Dude, I'm

1:10:29

so hungry. It's

1:10:31

not even funny. I'm

1:10:37

about to hurt someone that's hungry. So

1:10:39

first we're going to discuss something

1:10:42

that we have talked about before. So

1:10:44

don't freak out. I know that we've

1:10:47

talked about this, but we're

1:10:49

gonna go a little deeper. This is what is

1:10:52

believed to be the oldest

1:10:54

known forensically investigated murder case

1:10:57

in like mankind. And this

1:10:59

is about Utsi the Iceman.

1:11:02

Utsi! He taught

1:11:04

me German. Which if this sounds familiar, it's

1:11:07

because it is. We've discussed this incredible Italian

1:11:09

ice mummy on an episode of Gack, which

1:11:11

I think you covered him. I think I

1:11:13

did too, yeah. But the sheer

1:11:16

amount we learned about this man and his murder 5,300

1:11:18

plus years ago boggles my

1:11:21

fucking mind. So

1:11:24

I had to revisit this. Because

1:11:26

it's so perfect for this. So again,

1:11:28

for those unfamiliar with Utsi, check out

1:11:31

the Gack episode 58. But

1:11:33

here's just a quick rundown. I'm not gonna go

1:11:36

super deep into these details because you did. But

1:11:39

in 1991, German hikers found some melting ice

1:11:42

with the top of a corpse

1:11:44

sticking out of it and

1:11:47

reported a dead body. Thinking

1:11:50

this is like your average run of the

1:11:52

mill dead person. Like a long mountain climber.

1:11:54

Yeah. Relatively recent. Maybe

1:11:57

at oldest, the body of like a world.

1:12:00

War I soldier, but this turned out to

1:12:02

be the body of a man who lived between 3350 and 3105 BC

1:12:07

before Christ, even.

1:12:09

Before Christ, even.

1:12:11

And the authorities totally manhandled

1:12:13

the fucking body, like did

1:12:16

not approach this with adequate

1:12:18

care because cops are fucking

1:12:21

stupid and they didn't know what they were dealing with. So

1:12:23

the body was, for example, described as

1:12:26

making a clutching motion with its hand.

1:12:28

And that's because he had been holding

1:12:30

an ancient flint knife that one of

1:12:33

the recoverrs just pulled out of his

1:12:35

hand and like tossed aside. Like

1:12:38

that's how disrespectfully they

1:12:40

essentially exhumed his remains

1:12:42

from the ice. It's

1:12:45

like being careful under

1:12:47

any social family. Yeah.

1:12:49

And this there was video there's video

1:12:52

footage like body cam footage that they

1:12:54

that was taken of the body recovery

1:12:56

and it is fucking wild. Like you

1:12:59

it's on YouTube. Like if you look

1:13:01

up Iceman recovery, you can see this

1:13:03

isn't even like first responder. Like, no,

1:13:06

it's like first responder, which is so

1:13:08

fucking stupid to say the thousands of

1:13:10

years old, but like, this isn't like

1:13:13

a like a panic

1:13:15

response. It's like, no, I

1:13:18

just think they didn't know what they were

1:13:20

dealing with. They were just like, Oh, it's

1:13:22

a body. Let's get it out. They don't

1:13:24

realize how historically

1:13:27

significant these remains

1:13:29

are, which to me,

1:13:31

that's not a fucking excuse under any

1:13:33

circumstances, you should be as delicate as

1:13:36

humanly possible, especially if you think you're

1:13:38

dealing with a crime scene, and you're

1:13:40

taking remains out of what could be

1:13:42

a crime scene, you want to leave

1:13:44

them as intact as

1:13:46

fucking possible. Like this should not be

1:13:48

an argument at all.

1:13:50

But anyway, they bungled it. Yeah,

1:13:52

if you can determine that the

1:13:55

person is already deceased, don't fucking

1:13:57

touch it. If you're dealing with

1:13:59

remains. and moving remains,

1:14:01

just do so with the utmost care.

1:14:03

It's not that fucking hard. And, you

1:14:05

know, if you aren't sure of the

1:14:08

historical significance of the remains, then

1:14:11

bring in, you know, anthropology,

1:14:14

archaeology, like there

1:14:16

are specific areas

1:14:19

of science that could assist

1:14:21

you. He's already been there for 5000

1:14:23

fucking years, like once another couple days,

1:14:25

roll fit off, get

1:14:28

the experts roll fit off, roll

1:14:30

fit off. Anyway,

1:14:35

so analysts determined to see had been

1:14:37

shot from behind by an arrow which

1:14:39

clipped an artery causing him to bleed

1:14:41

to death. But once they got into

1:14:44

his stomach, they learned so much about

1:14:46

his world and he like his life

1:14:49

and details and a timeframe for his 5000

1:14:52

plus year old murder, which is

1:14:54

the fucking mighty power of stomach

1:14:56

content. Once

1:15:01

you die, your stomach's a time capsule. It

1:15:04

can be and then he died and was

1:15:06

encapsulated in ice. So unlike what you were

1:15:08

talking about with capsule and capsule and capsule

1:15:10

and capsule. That's what I'm saying.

1:15:13

It's a time capsule encapsulated

1:15:15

in a frozen capsule. It's

1:15:18

amazing. So researchers initially

1:15:21

thought that his stomach was

1:15:23

empty for years. It wasn't

1:15:25

until 2011 that researchers realized

1:15:27

his previously identified stomach

1:15:29

was in fact his

1:15:31

colon. Come

1:15:34

on. Well, to be fair, though,

1:15:37

his actual stomach had been

1:15:40

pushed unexpectedly really

1:15:42

far up into his rib

1:15:44

cage, possibly like in

1:15:46

the process of him freezing. So

1:15:50

like his stomach was where his like

1:15:52

lungs would have been. So they weren't

1:15:55

even like looking there. Whoa,

1:15:57

for a stomach during his time.

1:16:00

I'm in the ice, it

1:16:02

was pushed up, but his stomach was

1:16:04

still full, like so full that it's

1:16:06

thought that he had a meal less

1:16:09

than two hours before his death and

1:16:11

his stomach was like mostly undigested. Ah!

1:16:14

So it was, it was like

1:16:17

a full and undigested like perfect

1:16:19

snapshot of what evolved

1:16:21

humans were eating in this

1:16:24

region over 5,000 fucking years

1:16:26

ago. Oh my god.

1:16:29

Yeah. This is so

1:16:32

fucking cool. So Dr. It's fucking

1:16:34

fascinating. Like beyond them solving, like

1:16:36

figuring out the cause of

1:16:38

death and like solving the murder, this

1:16:40

the stomach problem. I mean, this is

1:16:42

by far more important. It's so, so

1:16:45

fucking cool. So Dr. Klaus Olger

1:16:48

of the Institute of Botany in Innsbruck received

1:16:50

about 40 milligrams of material from

1:16:52

Utsi's stomach. Analyzing every

1:16:55

milligram, Olger found remnants of

1:16:57

cooked bread made from einkorn,

1:16:59

a primitive variety of

1:17:02

wheat. Cooked bread?

1:17:05

Cooked fucking bread. Cooked big.

1:17:08

This suggested that Utsi society had

1:17:10

the beginnings of agriculture and also

1:17:12

like had either community kitchens like

1:17:15

they had either built like outdoor

1:17:17

ovens or in, in

1:17:20

their individual homes they would have

1:17:22

had like clay ovens. That

1:17:24

is so major. Yeah.

1:17:27

Oh my god. He also discovered

1:17:29

red deer and ibex meat and

1:17:31

a hefty serving of ibex fat.

1:17:34

About 46% of Utsi's stomach

1:17:36

contents were made up of animal fat

1:17:38

residues. The Iceman's greasy

1:17:41

last supper totally makes sense,

1:17:43

says Frank Maixner, a microbiologist,

1:17:46

because he lived in a cold high

1:17:48

alpine region. Utsi would have

1:17:50

needed to maintain high energy and nutrient

1:17:52

supplies to avoid rapid energy loss and

1:17:54

starvation in the freezing temperature. And

1:17:56

he seems to have figured out the best

1:17:58

diet for thriving in this harsh environment. environment,

1:18:01

a mix of carbohydrates, protein, and high energy

1:18:03

animal fats. A diet high in

1:18:05

fatty meats could also explain why Utsi was in

1:18:07

rather poor cardiovascular health when they

1:18:09

autopsied his heart. A

1:18:11

study published earlier this year showed that he had

1:18:13

hardened plaque around his heart, putting him at risk

1:18:16

for a heart attack, but he was killed by an arrow

1:18:18

to the back of the head first. So I guess. Oh my

1:18:20

God, the earliest person to have a heart attack.

1:18:22

Pretty much. But Albert Cink, another

1:18:24

of the study's coauthors, tells Dvorsky

1:18:26

that the Iceman's final meal, quote,

1:18:28

probably does not reflect his overall

1:18:30

diet. You know, you don't know if that's

1:18:32

what he was always eating or if that's

1:18:34

like because of the time of year that

1:18:38

he died, that they were

1:18:40

like focusing on prepping for winter.

1:18:42

They could have been celebrating some

1:18:44

kind of like cultural event. They

1:18:47

could have just got like nailed some

1:18:49

really big haunt and like have been

1:18:51

eating. Yeah, I mean, if they're they're

1:18:54

still very much like hunter gatherers. So

1:18:56

it's not like he had access every

1:18:58

day to Ibex and fucking red deer

1:19:01

meat. That was probably a rarer. But

1:19:03

he just happened to be

1:19:05

killed on like a good eating day. Like

1:19:07

the day after like a celebratory, like end

1:19:09

of the hunt. Yeah, maybe. I mean, he

1:19:12

ate it within two hours of being murdered.

1:19:15

Oh my God. So it's probably

1:19:17

killed that day and then just cooked right up. Ogle

1:19:20

also found pollen in the stomach

1:19:22

from a plant called the hop

1:19:25

hornbeam. Examining

1:19:27

it carefully, he found that the

1:19:29

cell content within the pollen's outer

1:19:31

shell was intact. This told

1:19:34

him that the pollen was fresh, since

1:19:36

the intercellular material of pollen from the

1:19:38

hop hornbeam decays within a few days

1:19:40

or weeks of falling to the ground.

1:19:42

So it was on whatever he ate.

1:19:45

And it had like just fallen. So

1:19:47

from that, Ogle could

1:19:49

tell that Utsi had died in

1:19:51

late spring, when the plant

1:19:53

sheds its pollen and that Utsi came

1:19:56

from a village on the Italian side

1:19:58

of the Tissenjok. which is like

1:20:00

a mountain, I don't know. It's like being stopped. Yeah.

1:20:02

Since analysis of sediment layers showed that

1:20:04

the Hop Horn beam did not grow

1:20:07

on the North or Austrian side of

1:20:09

Utsi's, in Utsi's time. So they

1:20:11

knew what fucking side of

1:20:13

what fucking mountain region, like

1:20:16

what area he came from because

1:20:18

of a very specific pollen that just happened

1:20:20

to be from a special time of year

1:20:23

and consumed that day on the food

1:20:25

that he ate and was still intact

1:20:27

in his stomach. So they're like, oh, he lived right

1:20:29

here. That's amazing.

1:20:32

Isn't that fucking

1:20:34

unbelievable? It legitimately gives me chills that

1:20:37

we're able to discover so much information

1:20:39

from the stomach of somebody who was

1:20:41

fucking murdered 5,000 fucking years ago.

1:20:44

That's why like that, that

1:20:46

like micro barcode DNA sequencing,

1:20:48

whatever the fuck I was

1:20:50

talking about earlier, like. Imagine what

1:20:52

more we're gonna know. Oh my

1:20:55

god. Imagine how we

1:20:57

can apply those new sciences to,

1:20:59

you know, anthropological study and

1:21:01

like mummies that we already have

1:21:03

access to, like remains that we

1:21:05

already have access to. I

1:21:07

mean, I think it'll be as big

1:21:10

of a deal as when like

1:21:12

DNA profiling really became

1:21:14

common. Absolutely. It's

1:21:17

a whole new layer of all of this. That

1:21:19

is so fucking cool. Yeah,

1:21:23

it's so fucking cool. And

1:21:25

it also just like kind of reinforces this

1:21:27

idea that like whatever you consume becomes part

1:21:30

of you on like a

1:21:33

molecular level. And it

1:21:35

can become part of history. So when the

1:21:37

aliens look at me, it's

1:21:39

easy Mac, baby. And I choose. I

1:21:42

am mostly SpaghettiOs. I am

1:21:44

representative of my fucking time,

1:21:46

baby. I am a time

1:21:48

capsule. I am Lunchables.

1:21:52

We're just a beautiful, struggling

1:21:55

depression time capsule and

1:21:57

I'm fucking living.

1:22:00

Oh my god, our gen-

1:22:02

like the 20th century,

1:22:04

like people digging up our bones are gonna

1:22:06

be like, oh my god, what happened to

1:22:09

humanity in this time? Y'all

1:22:11

were a mess. Chemicals, babe. Yeah,

1:22:13

my chemical romance. Wow,

1:22:15

this is so cool. Well

1:22:18

that, it's that. I'm gonna

1:22:20

leave the fascinating old world

1:22:22

and come into the incredibly silly modern

1:22:24

one for the last part of my

1:22:27

little, my little seg here. The silly

1:22:29

goose of a modern world. The

1:22:32

silly absolute goose. So

1:22:34

we're going from the Promi- from Evil Alps

1:22:37

and the world of ancient man to a Dutch

1:22:40

Brothers coffee in Eugene, Oregon at

1:22:46

9pm on Wednesday, November 24th, 2010.

1:22:50

Woo, my head's spinning. It's

1:22:52

spinning. Dutch Brothers, it's 9pm

1:22:55

on a Wednesday, 2010. Two

1:22:58

individuals arrive at the coffee shop. They're

1:23:01

wearing dark clothing and their faces are covered

1:23:03

from security cameras by like, handkerchiefs

1:23:05

not like ski masks, but they put like

1:23:08

scarves on it. Bandanas. Bandanas,

1:23:10

that's sort of like one. One of

1:23:12

these individuals forces their way

1:23:14

into the Dutch Brothers

1:23:17

kiosk and then forces their

1:23:19

way behind the counter while the other

1:23:21

individual is on like lookout duty just outside.

1:23:25

Now Vranad, it's 9pm at a coffee shop.

1:23:27

There's nobody in there and there's only one

1:23:29

employee working and they're like getting ready to

1:23:31

close. So this lone barista

1:23:33

who is definitely not fucking getting paid

1:23:35

enough to have weapons aimed at him.

1:23:37

No, give the money. Yeah.

1:23:40

Is told to turn around and place his hands on the

1:23:42

back of his head and close his eyes. The

1:23:45

plan seems to be a simple snatch and

1:23:47

grab armed robbery. One holds

1:23:49

down the barista, the other comes in, snatches the

1:23:51

cash, single bango, no harm done, except you

1:23:53

know, the deep psychological trauma of having a weapon

1:23:55

aimed at you and all that jazz, but whatever.

1:23:57

Blah blah blah. Except

1:24:00

this all goes horribly wrong for the robbers.

1:24:04

The fucking Dutch Brothers coffee barista fights

1:24:06

back and turns out he's packing his

1:24:09

own gun. And

1:24:12

so he fired on- I mean like good for

1:24:14

you but also you don't get paid enough. I

1:24:16

know you don't get paid enough. You definitely don't.

1:24:18

We'll get to it. So he fires

1:24:20

on the first robber. And just what

1:24:23

is inspiring you inspired me as I was writing

1:24:25

this. I have so many thoughts. Definitely

1:24:28

like don't do armed robbery. This

1:24:31

is America. Everyone has a gun. The raccoons

1:24:33

fucking have guns. And

1:24:36

they're self-domesticating. Yes. And

1:24:38

they have little thumbs and hands. Dutch

1:24:41

Brothers does not fucking care about you enough

1:24:43

to fight this hard for that cash

1:24:45

register. For like the few hundred dollars that's

1:24:47

in there. Like if you are

1:24:50

held up at your job- They're also

1:24:52

insured. Exactly. Give it away. Hand over

1:24:54

the cash. Keep yourself safe. And it's

1:24:56

not fucking worth it. But you know

1:24:59

he protected himself. I don't have a

1:25:01

fucking problem with that. I mean-

1:25:03

No. There's no problem

1:25:05

to have. He's the victim in this. Absolutely.

1:25:09

Absolutely. But this robbery turned

1:25:11

into a peropper gunfight. The

1:25:13

battle barista shot the

1:25:15

first robber and advanced

1:25:17

to disarm him in the doorway. And

1:25:20

the second robber pulled a gun and pointed it at

1:25:22

him. And then the

1:25:24

gun battle resumes. The

1:25:27

second robber fired at the

1:25:29

barista a couple times. The barista shot back

1:25:31

and the second robber hightailed it away out

1:25:33

of the key was even hit. So

1:25:36

somehow the barista didn't fucking die. And

1:25:40

the second robber got away. But

1:25:42

the first robber that the barista

1:25:44

did shoot did die.

1:25:46

So the dead robber is identified as-

1:25:48

Did the barista get charged? No.

1:25:51

Okay. The second robber is

1:25:53

identified as Cyrus Combs, a local of

1:25:55

Eugene, Oregon. He had a record

1:25:58

of felonious activity including a weapons charge. Two

1:26:00

years before this 2010 robbery in

1:26:03

2008, he had pleaded guilty to

1:26:05

a felony charge of attempting

1:26:07

to elude the police. He also pleaded

1:26:09

guilty to misdemeanor charges of driving under

1:26:12

the influence and unlawful possession of a

1:26:14

firearm. The police report indicated that Cyrus

1:26:16

Combs died in the coffee shop doorway

1:26:18

clutching a wad of stolen money and

1:26:20

his pistol. The face coverings,

1:26:22

it turns out, weren't really needed

1:26:25

because the coffee shop security

1:26:27

cameras were not operational at

1:26:29

the time. So they are

1:26:31

like the second robber

1:26:34

got away. Cyrus Combs

1:26:36

is dead, but no one is

1:26:39

talking about who the second person

1:26:41

was. They don't know who his accomplice was. So

1:26:43

like here comes our old fucking

1:26:46

friend forensics where this is a

1:26:48

wild application of summit contents to

1:26:51

identify who the accomplice

1:26:54

was in this armed

1:26:56

robbery. Yeah. So

1:26:59

a woman named Lisa Pope is a

1:27:02

forensic analyst for the Eugene Police

1:27:04

Department. She gets a call asking her to assist

1:27:06

with the autopsy of Cyrus Combs. She

1:27:09

was on hand during the proceedings and recounted

1:27:11

her experience in the lab. She said, quote,

1:27:13

the medical examiner was examining the summit contents,

1:27:15

which is a part I don't like because

1:27:17

it doesn't smell good. Good

1:27:19

for you, Lisa Pope. We've covered that Lisa

1:27:21

Pope. Yep. But

1:27:23

she said, I started paying attention. He

1:27:26

was pulling out food that was

1:27:28

not well digested. End quote.

1:27:31

And that is putting it very lightly.

1:27:34

It literally looked like Cyrus had just

1:27:36

swallowed most of the food he ate

1:27:38

whole. It was like shocking to

1:27:40

Lisa. Like a

1:27:43

military meal. Like you have to eat everything in

1:27:45

like six minutes or whatever. Yeah,

1:27:47

maybe. I don't know. But I don't

1:27:49

know why he would maybe anxiety. He wasn't chewing.

1:27:51

He was just trying to get through his meal

1:27:53

and then get to the robbing.

1:27:56

Maybe that's okay, babe. Yeah. You

1:27:58

got to fucking chew. of the

1:28:00

process of chewing combined with caustic

1:28:02

stomach acids, it's typically more difficult

1:28:04

to identify foods from a deceased

1:28:07

stomach contents. You kind of

1:28:09

have to go on like the microscope and

1:28:12

figure out what this mush is

1:28:14

made of to actually determine what

1:28:16

it is. Yeah, exactly.

1:28:18

But he wasn't chewing. Nope.

1:28:22

Quote, but the medical examiner is

1:28:24

pulling out chunks of hamburger about

1:28:27

the size of my index finger,

1:28:29

a piece of cheese, a piece

1:28:31

of bacon about a half inch

1:28:34

long, and then he

1:28:36

pulls out half of a french

1:28:38

fry. Oh my god. Lisa

1:28:40

Pope is not

1:28:43

only able to identify that this

1:28:45

is a french fry, but can tell

1:28:47

because it's so intact what

1:28:50

fast food chain this french

1:28:52

fry came from. Shut the

1:28:54

fuck up. Yep. So I

1:28:56

want you to guess what I described the fry. It

1:28:58

was a thick cut fry with the

1:29:00

skin still attached. It's

1:29:04

not McDonald's. Not

1:29:07

McDonald's. Not Burger King. I'm gonna say it's not

1:29:09

Burger King. The skin,

1:29:11

I would say it's a flatback from

1:29:14

Wendy's. It is. That

1:29:16

is a signature of Wendy's. Really? Like,

1:29:18

quote, unquote hand cut fries. Yup.

1:29:22

That flatback will get you. It's

1:29:24

good shit. Wendy's does have fucking good fries. And

1:29:27

now that I think about it, like the skin

1:29:29

really is visible on the sides of most of

1:29:31

their fries. The skin is visible. I

1:29:33

think the best thing about Wendy's is

1:29:36

their ranch. If you get fries, you

1:29:38

gotta get the Wendy's ranch. I wouldn't

1:29:40

know because ranch is foul. Well,

1:29:42

I'm not talking to you.

1:29:44

Well, you're literally talking to

1:29:46

me. The only person I

1:29:49

know in my life

1:29:51

who does not like ranch. I just

1:29:53

don't like most ranch. Maybe I would

1:29:55

try the Wendy's ranch. I just, I

1:29:57

don't like. Wendy's ranch is particularly I

1:30:00

don't like Hidden Valley. I don't like it

1:30:02

when it's too runny. I like a thick

1:30:04

handmade like housemaid ranch. Can

1:30:07

I challenge you next time you

1:30:09

go to Wendy's, will

1:30:11

you please try their ranch? Because I

1:30:13

think I'll go tomorrow. I really think

1:30:15

that you might be

1:30:17

pleasantly surprised that their ranch they have. I'll go

1:30:20

tomorrow. I've been craving nuggets anyway. And

1:30:22

Wendy's does have the best nugs. They

1:30:24

do. Yeah, they do get Oh,

1:30:26

don't they like the spicy nugs also?

1:30:29

They do. They do. I might get both. Spicy

1:30:32

nugs. Okay, I have like three more

1:30:34

paragraphs and then we all go get Wendy's. So

1:30:36

I can talk about ranch forever. Lisa

1:30:38

Pope notes that there is a

1:30:40

Wendy's restaurant just a few blocks

1:30:42

from the Dutch brothers like kiosk

1:30:45

coffee shop where the robbery took

1:30:47

place. And so she called the

1:30:49

lead detective, which I let you

1:30:51

imagine her breathing heavily and screaming the fries,

1:30:53

the fries. That's

1:30:58

literally what she does. So with this lead,

1:31:00

they asked the Wendy's around the corner to

1:31:03

hand over their surveillance footage and they do.

1:31:07

And there it fucking is

1:31:09

clear as day video of the

1:31:11

deceased suspect and his partner ordering

1:31:13

food, no masks on eating their

1:31:16

meal or rather one of them eating and the

1:31:18

other just don't inhale water. And

1:31:24

like on the footage, as if

1:31:26

I mean, if it was just these two

1:31:28

people eating, there might be like some

1:31:31

way to poke holes or like plausible deniability

1:31:33

that the second

1:31:35

guy was involved. But

1:31:37

this detail, I kid you fucking

1:31:39

not I can knock it over

1:31:42

this. They are literally seen on

1:31:44

the cameras at their table putting

1:31:46

on their their bandana mask before

1:31:48

they left their restaurant.

1:31:54

Like you guys do. I can't.

1:32:00

The investigators are shook. They're

1:32:02

fucking dumbfounded. Mostly because

1:32:04

this footage is so damning.

1:32:06

But like Lisa Pope says,

1:32:08

quote, if it weren't for the stomach

1:32:10

contents, they may have never gotten that

1:32:12

video. No, why is it? If you

1:32:14

weren't able to go Vassa Wendy's french

1:32:16

fry and there's a Wendy's around the

1:32:18

corner from this Dutch Brothers. Oh my

1:32:20

God. They would not, they might not

1:32:22

ever have known who that second shooter

1:32:24

was. Well, it's not like they would

1:32:26

have gotten subpoenas for every fucking. No.

1:32:30

You know, whatever they may have been eating

1:32:32

in the area. No. Oh

1:32:35

my God. So on January

1:32:37

14th, 2011, a SWAT team

1:32:39

burst in and took 27 year old and

1:32:42

incredibly named Brandon Plunk

1:32:46

into custody as

1:32:48

the second robbery suspect. And he is

1:32:50

charged with attempted murder, robbery, burglary, and being

1:32:52

a felon in possession of a firearm, just

1:32:55

like his buddy Cyrus. Oh man.

1:32:57

I got to say the cut

1:32:59

tongue in cheek, poor Cyrus, your last

1:33:01

meal was just like cramming

1:33:04

full nuggets and fries and

1:33:06

whatever the fuck into your

1:33:08

mouth. Yeah. Strapping

1:33:10

a bandana on your face and thinking you're gonna strike

1:33:12

it rich real quick. And then you get, you

1:33:14

don't anticipate that the barista

1:33:16

has a gun. Enjoy

1:33:19

every meal cause it might be your last

1:33:21

and do not just inhale.

1:33:23

And not only is it bad for

1:33:26

your windpipe, could be a

1:33:28

last meal. Well, it also gave away your

1:33:30

buddy. Yeah, you fucked over your friend. Oh

1:33:32

my God. Think about your friend. This is

1:33:35

so good. Fucked over your

1:33:37

friend by not chewing properly. So

1:33:40

the trial began with Plunk testifying

1:33:42

that the barista actually knew Cyrus

1:33:44

Combs and that the barista unlocked

1:33:46

the door for him and that

1:33:48

they had never planned on a

1:33:51

robbery, but that the cameras picked

1:33:53

up a drug deal that had

1:33:55

gone bad. And after things had

1:33:57

gone sideways, Plunk testified the barista

1:33:59

fabricated. story of defending the Dutch brothers

1:34:01

are from robbery when in fact it has

1:34:03

been a drug deal gone wrong. Now, of

1:34:06

course, Battle Barista, who

1:34:08

remained anonymous for their safety, totally

1:34:10

denied all of this on the stand.

1:34:13

And it became a he said, he

1:34:15

said back and forth, finger pointing situation.

1:34:17

The jury would later say that

1:34:19

they didn't exactly buy Plunk's story,

1:34:22

but that the prosecution was unable to

1:34:24

submit significant evidence that Plunk had a

1:34:26

weapon at the time, or that he

1:34:28

was participating in a robbery, because they

1:34:31

didn't have the Dunn Brothers video footage,

1:34:33

they only had the Wendy's footage, which

1:34:35

didn't show him with a gun. Well,

1:34:38

that, yeah, it showed him

1:34:40

putting on a bandana. And

1:34:42

according to testimony, he was like the

1:34:44

lookout, but they it wasn't enough to

1:34:47

prove that he had gotten into a

1:34:49

shootout with the barista. So

1:34:53

the events from his perspective were essentially I

1:34:55

went there, my friend got into a fight

1:34:57

with the barista, he got shot, the barista

1:34:59

came at me with a gun and I

1:35:01

ran Plunk doesn't have any cash from

1:35:03

the robbery because the robbery wasn't successful.

1:35:06

He does there's a proof that he shot

1:35:09

at anybody because the cameras weren't working. So

1:35:11

the barista is denying all of this because

1:35:13

there's no proof that the barista wasn't the

1:35:16

one who opened fire on these two random

1:35:18

guys. I think that the barista,

1:35:20

frankly, was telling the truth of what happened and

1:35:22

Plunk is just poking holes in it. Yeah, but

1:35:24

is that why the

1:35:27

barista denied the the

1:35:30

the the shooting part? No,

1:35:33

Plunk is denying that. Not the barista. Oh,

1:35:36

I think he said the barista denied all

1:35:38

of everything. No, no,

1:35:40

no, no, no, no, Plunk. No, the barista

1:35:42

denied Plunk's version of events.

1:35:46

Oh, he's like, this was not a fucking drug

1:35:48

deal gone wrong. They came in to rob

1:35:50

the kiosk and I had my gun and

1:35:52

I held it down. Okay. And Plunk is

1:35:54

like, No, no, no, no, no, I went

1:35:56

there with my friend, my friend and the

1:35:59

barista got into fight, my friend got

1:36:01

shot. Then the barista charged me

1:36:03

and I ran away. And

1:36:05

but the barista like that's not what fucking happened.

1:36:08

But punk doesn't like I said,

1:36:10

punk doesn't have any of the money from

1:36:12

from the robbery because the robbery didn't work.

1:36:14

There's no proof that he shot at anybody because the

1:36:17

cameras weren't working. Because there's

1:36:19

no cameras. There's no proof he had a

1:36:21

gun on him at that time. And so

1:36:23

punk was acquitted. Jesus. Yeah. So

1:36:25

like regardless of the Wendy's footage, and

1:36:28

the fact that I think he

1:36:30

fucking did it, like, I think

1:36:32

he's full of shit. I

1:36:34

do still think this was the right call

1:36:36

on the jury's part because they just did

1:36:38

not have enough evidence to actually convict him.

1:36:40

And it's that simple. Like if we can't

1:36:43

respect the system, and,

1:36:45

you know, not frivolously put people

1:36:47

away when there isn't sufficient evidence

1:36:49

to do so, even if it's

1:36:52

really likely that they did it, that's not

1:36:54

how it fucking works. He kind of split

1:36:56

the difference. Yeah. So

1:36:59

I don't know. Our boy plunk, however, does not

1:37:01

stay free for long on February 12 of 2013 against

1:37:04

10 years for charges related to the

1:37:06

abuse of his girlfriend, who is also the

1:37:08

mother of his kids. And

1:37:11

the contents of his stomach during that

1:37:13

decade were exclusively shitty prison food. So

1:37:16

suck on that, plunk. Chew

1:37:18

your fries. Bye,

1:37:20

plunk. Bye, plunk. Massecate your

1:37:23

food. Yeah, fucking plunk. Anyway,

1:37:26

suck my soirees

1:37:28

into stomach contents

1:37:30

for this week.

1:37:33

Oh my God. I know.

1:37:35

How fun. I'm going to

1:37:37

think differently about everything that

1:37:39

I shove into my face from now on. Except

1:37:42

for this dinner I'm about to eat,

1:37:44

which as you know, consists of Brussels

1:37:46

sprouts and pork loin and cauliflower. Oh

1:37:49

my God. My fucking salad should

1:37:51

be arriving from across the street

1:37:53

in approximately eight minutes. Oh my

1:37:56

God. We have to go. Thank

1:37:58

you so much for listening.

1:38:00

Thanks to us for this

1:38:03

wonderful gal's pick. We're fucking

1:38:05

amazing. We hope you enjoyed

1:38:07

and we hope you eat

1:38:10

deliciously and we'll see you next week.

1:38:13

We love you. Bye-bye. Thanks for

1:38:15

listening to Wine and Crime. Our

1:38:17

cover art is by Kala Yip.

1:38:19

Music by Phil Young and Corey

1:38:21

Wendell. Editing by Jonathan Camp. Our

1:38:23

production manager is Andrea Gardner. For

1:38:25

photos and sources, check out our

1:38:28

blog at wineandcrimepodcast.com. You can follow

1:38:30

us on all the socials at

1:38:32

WineAndCrimePod. If you have questions, answers,

1:38:34

or recommendations to share, email us

1:38:37

at WineAndCrimePodcast@gmail.com. Episodes are available on

1:38:39

Apple Podcasts, Spotify, wherever you get

1:38:41

your podcasts. If you like the

1:38:43

show, please rate, review, and subscribe

1:38:46

on Apple Podcasts. It is the

1:38:48

best way to spread the word.

1:38:50

If you'd like to show your

1:38:52

support and get access to all

1:38:55

sorts of wine-fueled bonus content, visit

1:38:57

our Patreon page. Cheers! Cheers!

1:39:57

Cheers! you