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Sounds. Music, radio, podcasts.

1:29

Hello, and welcome to You're Dead To Me,

1:31

the Radio 4 comedy podcast that takes history

1:33

seriously. My name is Greg Jenner. I'm a

1:35

public historian, author and broadcaster. And today we

1:37

are gathering our troops and quick marching back

1:40

to 19th century South America to

1:43

learn all about revolutionary leader Simon Bolivar. And

1:46

to help us, we have two very special comrades in

1:48

arms. In History Corner is a

1:50

senior lecturer in Latin American history at the

1:52

University of Manchester, specialising in the

1:54

political, social and military history of early modern Spanish

1:56

America and the broader Spanish world. You may have

1:58

read his book, The Spanish Modern. Monarchy and

2:00

the creation of the Vice Royalty of New

2:02

Granada, it's Dr. Francisco Acebarroso. Welcome

2:04

Frank. Thanks Greg, great to be here. And

2:07

in Comedy Corner, she's a rising star on both sides

2:09

of the Atlantic. She's been featuring HBO's Women in Comedy

2:12

Festival, LaFEST, the San Diego Comedy Festival and she was

2:14

a funny women finalist in 2020. Maybe

2:17

you saw her in Edinburgh Fringe last year or of

2:19

course her on TV's Comedy Central Live. It's

2:21

the wonderful Katie Green. Welcome to the show Katie. Hi,

2:24

thank you for having me. Katie, your first

2:26

time on the podcast, you have a master's

2:29

degree in Latin American Studies,

2:31

is that right? I do, but

2:33

I'm not good at retaining knowledge, so

2:36

that makes history very difficult for me. And

2:40

what about Simon Bolivar? Does the name

2:42

ring a bell? Do you know anything

2:44

about him? I know some things.

2:47

Good things, bad things? I know

2:49

some good things, I know some bad things. It

2:51

feels like gossip now. If anything's framed as gossip,

2:53

then I know. What do you know about

2:55

him? Ooh, he messed around. He did. The

2:58

Liberator, so he liberated

3:01

most countries in South America. Mm-hmm. So,

3:04

what do you know? This

3:11

is where I have a go at guessing what you,

3:13

our lovely listener, might know about today's subject. And unless

3:15

you are listening from South America, I'm

3:18

guessing you probably recognise the name Bolivar.

3:21

You may even know that there's a country named after him, of course

3:23

Bolivia. But you might not know why. He's

3:25

the central character in Gabriel Garcia Marquez's

3:27

novel The General in his Labyrinth. There

3:30

are many TV and movie adaptations

3:32

of him, Spanish language adaptations. There's

3:35

the 2013 film The Liberator, and

3:37

yes, spoiler alert, he liberated six

3:39

countries from Spanish imperial rule. But

3:41

how did a revolutionary hero end

3:44

up as a dictator? Let's

3:46

find out, shall we? Dr. Frank, can

3:48

we start at the beginning? What's

3:51

his family's situation? Is he a

3:53

kind of plucky upstart street-searching, or

3:55

is he pretty comfortable? The

4:00

name for you Want a name?

4:04

For he was born in Caracas,

4:06

Venezuela on the Twenty Fourth of

4:09

July. Seventeen Eighty Three Two One

4:11

be sent wrt pandey on muddy

4:13

little concepcion policy Blanco. He had

4:15

two older sisters and an older

4:17

brother and his parents had been

4:19

married And Seventeen Seventy three when

4:21

his mother was fourteen as thought

4:23

of for six. Oh no, that's

4:25

a terrible age Gap said sorry

4:27

for you, Grow simplicity Css: Okay,

4:30

So problematic. Marriage: Claxon honked.

4:32

Story To walk into the episode and

4:34

said listeners dennis later is on the

4:37

North and point of South America resonates

4:39

up on the Caribbean coast, but Venezuela

4:41

is part of Spain. or at least

4:44

the Spanish Empire. Frank, Yes, exactly so

4:46

odd. The Spanish first came in contact

4:48

with what we now call Bonus. Well

4:50

off in the for to nineties and

4:53

shortly afterwards and became part of the

4:55

Spanish Empire. By the eighteenth century, been

4:57

as well as society, was highly racialized

5:00

and split into various groups, including Peninsula

5:02

Spaniards. Of white people born in

5:04

Spain, Creoles were descended from

5:06

Spaniards born in Venezuela. usually

5:08

upper class and wealthy. blank

5:10

was the region are poor

5:13

whites, often immigrants from the

5:15

Canary Islands. mixed race bottles,

5:17

black and slave them. Free

5:19

people on indigenous groups and

5:21

ah believe our family were

5:23

Creoles on were very very

5:25

wealthy, members of openness well

5:27

on elite, in fact believers.was

5:29

probably one of the fourteen

5:31

richest men in Venezuela. Okay,

5:33

so not a street urchin, then how

5:35

do you imagine his childhood seen on

5:37

Boulevard. What did in his? dad

5:40

died when he was really young

5:42

now. Oh, I read a biography

5:44

but I'll only about eleven pages.

5:47

He says that it's either I think

5:49

I've got and so that point. You're

5:53

right, his dad did die young spoon

5:55

integrate wealth but it's very tragic Charles

5:57

had for Simone Boulevard. If he loses.

6:00

There's one parent. Oh yeah, that's absolutely

6:02

right. Both his parents have succumbed to

6:04

tuberculosis by the time or was nine

6:06

and then Katie. He did a classic

6:08

post boy think or do push. Sixty

6:10

know boys do while made slightly older

6:12

do when they're they leave home Usually

6:14

here in Britain. they get drunk pregnant

6:16

now and I know that that I

6:18

have a lot of a habit of

6:20

they my day. I don't know and

6:22

I think they go to saying they

6:24

do. He went on a gap yard

6:26

to Spain, he went see Madrid and

6:28

seventeen Ninety Nine spend. A lot of

6:30

money that's live very decadent li I'm

6:32

not sure if there's a pregnancy. I

6:34

think this this a holiday romance. The

6:37

Frank isn't that just three So do

6:39

it all ended in tragedy. So when

6:41

eighteen hundred at the age of seventeen

6:43

believe our first laid eyes on on

6:45

Medea that are several that he wasn't

6:47

totally eliza on it was love at

6:49

first sight they were married in some

6:51

philosophy any the Basque Country. on the

6:53

twenty sixth of May, eighteen or two

6:55

and three weeks later they set sail

6:57

for Caracas. But their happiness was actually

6:59

quite short lived. On the twenty

7:01

second of January, eighteen or three,

7:03

just six months after their arrival

7:05

in South America, Maria Theresa died

7:07

from yellow fever. He's lost both

7:10

his parents by nine. He

7:12

moves on. Signs of beautiful young

7:14

woman marries her loses haven't twenty?

7:16

Also he he's still isn't true

7:18

that you never married again but

7:21

he still he still.live other boroughs

7:23

it's. The heartbreak. You know, the arrival,

7:25

the heartbreak. Okay to assess assess San

7:27

I'm taking the sympathetic great you could

7:29

you're You're clearly going to play more

7:31

cynical Rupert as I type. I don't

7:34

trust them a cat or I already

7:36

already we gotta. We put a point

7:38

of view on him. He goes on

7:40

another gap year, Frank in his early

7:42

twenties. He comes this time see Paris

7:44

in France, which of course at this

7:46

point in history this has been the

7:48

French Revolution. Katie, There's been political violence

7:51

to think. guillotine ings a sudden in

7:53

amongst the real. moment in time frank

7:55

yes and at least later on

7:57

bluebird claimed that during this time

7:59

and Paris he had a kind

8:01

of political awakening and

8:03

quickly came to believe in

8:05

the need for independence for

8:08

liberty equality republicanism and centralized

8:10

government. He's reading a lot,

8:12

he's reading philosophers, he's reading writers, he's

8:14

getting deep into the kind of political

8:16

tension of the day but he's also

8:18

in France during the rise

8:21

of a superstar. Do you know who the

8:23

political superstar is in 1804, Katie? Napoleon?

8:26

Yeah, it is Napoleon, very good.

8:28

I think that was on page 11, now I think I'm

8:31

done with all my knowledge. Yeah,

8:34

so on the 2nd December 1804 Napoleon

8:36

Bonaparte crowned himself Emperor of France.

8:39

Young Bolivar, aged 21, 22, do you

8:41

think he's a fan of Napoleon? Wasn't

8:44

he a fan and then he didn't

8:46

like him anymore because he wasn't

8:49

good. You

8:51

do know stuff. I mean, Frank,

8:53

Simon Bolivar, he's seen Napoleon come

8:55

to power but is he impressed

8:57

by this former army man who's

8:59

taken power? Do we know? What

9:02

we know from Bolivar's own writing, to

9:04

what extent this is written ex post

9:06

facto to build an image, we don't

9:08

know. But what he says is that

9:10

he's both impressed and repelled by Napoleon,

9:12

that he's quite impressed by his achievements,

9:15

especially as a military commander, but at

9:17

the same time he claims to be

9:19

repelled by his compromises and his

9:21

method of ruling. And

9:23

having left Paris, Katy, do you want

9:25

to guess where he goes next, Simon

9:27

Bolivar? It's another European destination. Is it

9:30

a new place? It's a new place.

9:32

Okay, so he's doing a little Euro trip now. He

9:35

is. Italy? Yes, very

9:37

good, look at you. Oh wow, I was just

9:39

thinking what I would do. You're

9:42

getting in his mindset, yeah he goes to Rome where

9:44

he meets none other than the

9:46

Pope. How old is he now? About

9:49

22, 23 I think, he's pretty young, he's

9:52

not impressed. What pope is this? This

9:54

is Pope Pius VII. Oh

9:56

not impressive. No, not even in your

9:58

time. 20.

10:04

Frank, I'm quite surprised Simon Bolivar

10:06

not impressed by the Pope. Why

10:08

is this? So Bolivar by this point

10:11

is more or less an atheist or

10:13

at least very critical of the

10:15

role of the Catholic Church in Spanish

10:18

control of Spanish America. But Rome, however,

10:20

had a transformative impact in Bolivar's life

10:22

in another way. Inspired by

10:25

the ancient city and its

10:27

glorious history, Bolivar apparently made

10:29

a vow. He said more

10:31

or less this, right? I swear before

10:33

you, I swear before the God of

10:35

my fathers, I swear by my fathers,

10:37

I swear by my honor, I swear

10:39

by my country that I will not

10:41

rest body or soul until I have

10:43

broken the chains with which Spanish power

10:45

oppresses us. Well, Simon Bolivar, he makes

10:47

his vow in 1805 in Rome decides

10:50

that he's going to commit himself

10:52

to independence. And

10:54

so they sailed back to Venezuela in 1806. But sounds like his

10:58

revolutionary fervor doesn't really

11:01

go anywhere initially. Yeah,

11:03

so initially, there's very little

11:05

anti-Spanish support in Venezuela. However,

11:07

everything changed when Napoleon invaded

11:10

the Iberian peninsula in 1808,

11:13

forcing the abdication of the Spanish

11:15

Bourbon dynasty. Shocked by the news,

11:18

both colonial authorities and leading local

11:20

elites in Venezuela reject the new

11:22

French rulers. They create a temporary

11:25

loyalist ruling union of officials and

11:27

leading local citizens, which very much

11:30

parallels the junta movement in Spain,

11:32

which witnessed the emergence of local

11:34

committees to control local government in

11:36

the name of the Spanish king

11:38

and to organize the resistance against

11:40

French rule. And the group gradually

11:42

gathered more and more support from

11:44

the Creole elite, so that on

11:47

5th July 1811 Caracas

11:49

proclaimed its independence. But

11:52

it doesn't really last very long,

11:54

Frank, does it? No, not quite.

11:56

So Venezuela's first republican constitution split

11:58

society into two classes. On the

12:01

one hand, you had the property-owning

12:03

voters and then you had everybody

12:05

else. Racial segregation and

12:07

slavery also remained as part

12:09

of this first Venezuelan

12:11

republic, although the slave trade

12:14

was technically abolished. So

12:16

in response to this segregation, the Pardos and

12:18

Black population rose up against the Creole elite.

12:20

And then on 26 March 1812, as

12:24

people gathered in the churches for

12:27

Monday, Thursday, a massive

12:29

earthquake hit Venezuela. The

12:31

clergy proclaimed that this was God's way

12:34

of punishing Venezuelan society for the

12:36

revolution. And the proclamation

12:38

was actually strengthened when a second

12:40

earthquake struck the city on the

12:42

4th of April. So in the

12:44

aftermath of these earthquakes, the Republic

12:46

itself collapsed with Bolívar fleeing to

12:48

Cartagena de Indias in what is

12:51

now Colombia, but was at the

12:53

time the Kingdom of Nucronada. And

12:55

here he spent his time writing a

12:58

manifesto addressed to the government of Nucronada,

13:00

explaining all the reasons why he

13:02

thought the revolution in Venezuela had

13:05

failed. His four reasons are religious

13:07

fanaticism, popular elections, federalism and factual

13:09

fighting, and financial mismanagement. What

13:11

did he think caused the earthquake? Was it not

13:14

God? He's an atheist,

13:16

I guess. I feel like if I was an

13:18

atheist and there was two earthquakes, I'd go back

13:20

to the Pope. Sorry,

13:22

I was rude before. He

13:25

has not abandoned his principles, or at

13:27

least not abandoned his vow that he

13:29

made in Rome. In May 1813, he

13:31

recruited several hundred soldiers. He returned to

13:33

Venezuela, Katie. He tries

13:35

again. So Bolívar advanced quite

13:37

quickly through his homeland, first

13:40

taking Merida, Trujillo, Varquisimeto and

13:42

Valencia in short succession. And

13:44

in fact, is this quick

13:46

series of victories that earned

13:48

him the nickname of the

13:50

liberator, a name which followed

13:52

him until today. But

13:55

The war at this stage was absolutely brutal,

13:57

with atrocities carried out by both sides. The

14:00

military campaign only lasts for about three

14:03

months on. On the six to focus

14:05

on making thirteen he rides into practice

14:07

of bases in glory in party was

14:10

greeted by a group of young women

14:12

all dressed in white who crown him

14:14

with law or else and gave him

14:17

flowers of his dismounted from he source.

14:19

Pay for you is shaking your head

14:21

for much of that women. We.

14:23

Just wanna hear our. My

14:26

God. These. Wow. That's. Just all

14:28

these women I can imagine, his

14:30

ego. How. Old is ladies

14:32

in white, screeching and laurels and flowers.

14:34

And it's at this point when he

14:37

becomes a dictator. Simon Bolivar. What is

14:39

his justification for saying right? I'm

14:41

the new boss but I'm not

14:43

a king, I'm not an emperor,

14:46

I am something else possibly work

14:48

at this point totals envisages Bundeswehr

14:50

law or starts to visit when

14:52

a full of part of a

14:54

larger country which would also incorporate

14:56

new grown out on this is

14:58

the beginning of what we would

15:00

he would later on called the

15:02

Gran Colombia an independent unified South

15:04

American state which we'd all have

15:07

independent military's but which in believers

15:09

view should have a unified central

15:11

government. So. On the second of

15:13

January eighteen fourteen, a representative

15:15

assembly gathered in Caracas and

15:17

granted hims supreme power with

15:19

the title of dictate or

15:21

but it wasn't meant to

15:23

be a permanent thing at

15:25

that time. He also wrote

15:27

that holy Representative institutions were

15:29

not suited to the characters,

15:31

costumes and present know ledge

15:33

off the people have been

15:35

a swell off so he

15:37

wanted to concentrate power in

15:39

himself on people learned. How to

15:42

Be Free. You can't be trusted

15:44

to have a political system. Although

15:46

it it's slightly yeah, cynical. I'm

15:50

wondering about. This guy. Said

15:53

that the Gran Colombia he wants a

15:55

unified South America but each region having

15:58

a tsunami Quite surprising to me. It

16:00

had a lot also to do

16:02

with the vast expanse of. Northern

16:05

South America and the time it would take

16:07

to send commands from one place to another.

16:09

I think that sounds smart. I think I might be

16:12

one of those girls and white now. As a

16:14

society I am I get some flowers

16:16

method that get the laurel ground your

16:18

back on your. He sees his is this

16:20

is innovative stuff going on. Over here

16:22

is a dictator. He's establish himself.

16:24

He's got this big grand vision.

16:27

Is it going to hold? Does

16:29

it last? Will suddenly know within

16:31

about a month. see how to

16:33

execute eight hundred rebels in Caracas

16:36

and these pretty much triggers a

16:38

counter revolution led by Corset bomb

16:40

us bogus of violent white prose.

16:43

Spanish royalist Bulbous actually promised he's

16:45

black compatible followers that they would

16:47

get wide Creole property if they

16:49

are still believe are. So by

16:52

August it's clear that Bulbous was

16:54

unstoppable. And on the Twenty six

16:56

believe our sale to the Island

16:58

of Margarita, taking with him silber

17:01

and jewels from the churches all

17:03

struck us in an attempt to

17:05

raise capital for what would be

17:07

a counterattack. Whoa. He's in Margarita,

17:10

however believe our is declared an

17:12

outlaw and he's forced to flee

17:14

again, this time going to Jamaica

17:16

in May. eighteen fifteen. Meanwhile

17:19

in Spain, king further on, the

17:22

seventh has been returned to power

17:24

and a in February eighteenth his

17:26

teens, he dispatched an army to

17:28

reestablish his South American colonies. These

17:31

expeditions were mostly successful and so

17:33

by October eighteen sixteen, the Spanish

17:35

have basically reconquered. Bonus. Well off

17:37

and time low, We had independence

17:40

for about one month and then

17:42

a civil war and are funny,

17:44

the Spanish about. They come back

17:46

in such a short amount of and. assess

17:48

the similar rate we're halfway to the

17:51

podcast already we've had one revolution failed

17:53

the second one fails when the spanish

17:55

show up again media empire strikes back

17:57

so we now it's that the three

17:59

equal Third time lucky, he's going

18:01

to try again again. But

18:03

this story nearly begins in disaster because

18:05

an assassin comes to kill him, Katie,

18:08

and he escapes with his life. Do you know

18:10

how he escapes? He's getting more attractive. I'm so

18:12

sorry. Wow,

18:14

this is becoming... how

18:17

does he escape? Now I

18:19

think I did try to watch some

18:21

of the series, Bolivar,

18:23

but I've also started rewatching

18:26

Doctor Who, and it's all kind of mixing

18:28

together. And

18:31

I'd like to

18:33

say he went in the TARDIS,

18:35

but I don't think... I

18:37

think I'm mixing the two. No, he doesn't

18:40

escape in the TARDIS. He gets lucky. Basically,

18:42

the assassin kills the wrong guy. The assassin

18:44

kills his friend. His friend Felix is sleeping

18:46

in his hammock. And so the assassin comes

18:48

and murders who he thinks is Bolivar, but

18:51

it's actually Felix. Oh, poor

18:53

Felix. Poor Felix. Bolivar

18:55

now hit upon a new strategy. He's going

18:57

to liberate New Granada first. And

19:00

that involves attacking over the

19:03

Andes Mountains. That sounds

19:05

hard, Frank. How do you go over the

19:07

mountains to attack? So between 1817 and 1819,

19:09

Bolivar gradually made military progress in Eastern and

19:11

Southern Venezuela,

19:16

but he's entirely unable to break

19:18

the Spanish occupation of the center

19:20

north of the province. So

19:23

he makes a plan to lure the Spanish out

19:26

by taking New Granada first. So

19:28

he set out with an army of about 2,100 men

19:30

on 27th May 1819. But

19:36

unfortunately, they hit the rainy season.

19:39

So for weeks, his men marched

19:41

through the Amazon rainforest in waist-deep

19:43

water. After this, then

19:45

they faced the mountainous Andes in freezing

19:48

rain. And the surviving

19:50

soldiers met and defeated the

19:52

royalist forces in battle on

19:54

the 25th of July at Pantano

19:56

de Vargas, already in New Granada.

19:59

Then Victoria's. Believe or than intercepted

20:01

and overwhelmed a retreating enemies at

20:03

the infamous Bottle of for Your

20:05

Car on the banks of The

20:07

Boy A Cow Reaper on the

20:09

seventh of August. Eighteen, Nineteen. On.

20:12

The tenth believe I wrote into

20:14

Bogota to cheering crowds were once

20:16

again the young women dressed in

20:18

white presented him with a crown

20:20

of laurels. So know that

20:22

another we're talking pedal Valeria

20:24

could on the out and

20:26

wealth. Modern day Columbia? basically.

20:28

Ah, ok. So he has

20:30

display success of the battle of by

20:33

a car which is is great when

20:35

and returns to Venezuela Frank. And.

20:37

Holds a congress than and but

20:39

of are trying to assert himself.

20:41

Nasa: what is this now mean

20:43

as he established is Gran Colombia?

20:45

Yes exactly So at understood I'm

20:48

in Venezuela. He held a congress

20:50

which on those seven single December

20:52

eighteen nineteen announced the creation of

20:54

the Republic of Gran Colombia which

20:56

would include Venezuela, New Granada on

20:58

Keto, what is now Ecuador which

21:00

hadn't been liberated yet but we

21:03

would soon be freed by believe

21:05

are on his generals superior. Believe

21:07

our was named President of Gran Colombia

21:10

Hidden We entered Caracas on the twenty

21:12

ninth of June Eighteen, Twenty One after

21:14

an absence of about seven years and

21:17

in the following month the last pockets

21:19

of royalties for systems were defeated and

21:21

Venezuela wassup last independent and who greeted

21:24

him on the way in Kc. Limited

21:27

way to him and he

21:29

why it's absolutely boulevard like

21:31

is enormous but frank we

21:33

have. Now. Peru.

21:35

next on his agenda just so

21:37

of tricky to bully were turned

21:39

his attention to peru which was

21:41

kind of already in we bowled

21:43

he was named dictator of peru

21:45

in eighteen twenty four he then

21:47

set his sights on oprah peru

21:50

what we now called believe he

21:52

up on c second in command

21:54

scimitar superior was quickly big torrijos

21:56

against our last remnants of spanish

21:58

rules and will leave or in

22:00

turn will named supreme executive leader,

22:02

basically dictator. And he then

22:04

drafted the Bolivian constitution of 1826, which

22:07

in many ways was the apex of his

22:09

political ideas. But it's now that he meets

22:12

another beautiful woman, Katie, can you believe it?

22:14

Yes. And

22:16

she's called Manuela Sainz. She's

22:18

young, she's beautiful. And they are. Bert,

22:21

she's also clever and talented and educated

22:23

and already a spy for the revolution,

22:25

and a courier for the revolution. She

22:27

delivers secret messages. Oh, so

22:30

now it's getting sassy. We like this.

22:33

There is a small catch about Manuela. Do

22:35

you want to guess what the catch is?

22:38

She's 17. No, good news. She

22:40

wasn't horribly underage. She was 25. I

22:43

don't like it. No. 25? How

22:45

old was he? Maybe just sort of hovering around 40-ish. Too

22:48

much like his father. No,

22:52

she's married. She's married? Oh, she's married to a British

22:54

guy. She is married to a British guy. How do

22:56

you know that? That's good. Good knowledge. Because

22:59

I like gossip. I

23:01

could read this in hello. You could read

23:03

this in hello. Well, amazingly, you

23:06

might be able to read her sort of

23:08

secret text that might be handed to hello

23:10

by one of her friends, because this is

23:12

what she says in a letter to her

23:14

husband when she dumps him. She says, do

23:17

you think it lowers my honor that this

23:19

general is my lover and not my husband?

23:21

I do not live by social rules, invented

23:23

only to torment. So leave me alone, my

23:26

dear Englishman. You are boring like your nation.

23:29

Isn't that great? I'm going to quote her

23:31

forever. Oh, my God.

23:34

I love to dump every British guy like

23:36

that. You are boring like

23:38

your nation. What a

23:40

boss. What a woman. Yeah.

23:44

You've been living in London for three and

23:46

a half years, Katie. Do you want to

23:49

defend Englishman's honor? Absolutely not. I am team

23:51

Manuela. So There

23:53

we go. Simon Bolivar Always with the conquests.

23:55

So We should probably get back to politics,

23:57

Frank. We Mentioned the Bolivian Constitution of 18.

24:00

Twenty Six. I think it was

24:02

distilling his political ideas. So what

24:04

is in this book? What are

24:06

his ideas? Suit The Constitution. Allows.

24:09

Elections for things like the Congress

24:11

Board includes a precedent that is

24:13

appointed for life and who chooses

24:16

his own success or so we

24:18

didn't eat institute some outer an

24:20

element of authoritarian control at the

24:22

very top. The constitution did also

24:24

have a number of liberal elements

24:27

in it. Equality was enshrined, slavery

24:29

was outlawed, civil rights were protected

24:31

by Eighteen Twenty Six, but if

24:33

I had liberated, I'm putting those

24:36

in a Vatican, this six countries

24:38

or least. Six Modern Country to Be

24:40

as we know them to do that.

24:42

He had written seventy five thousand Miles

24:44

in the Saddle, which is It's probably

24:46

explains why he had terrible hemorrhoids. And

24:49

it's not just his backside is getting

24:51

in trouble. Frank because the Gran Colombia

24:53

dream that he has his put together

24:55

this sort of united for the realize

24:57

South America. As soon as he puts

24:59

it in places thought into wobble there

25:01

is instability the soon is growing resentment,

25:04

political dissent quite quickly turned to murderous

25:06

intent. Katie assassination attempt number two. Here

25:08

we come. On know what friend was

25:10

in the hammer Weldon floats a large gang

25:12

of men break into his palace in the

25:14

dead of night to com a murder him

25:16

but man well as saved his life. She

25:19

his and consuming she grabs a sword. I'll.

25:21

I love this form then. I.

25:24

This visit A talked about her

25:26

realize what a hero. Wow

25:28

And so he escapes. He does,

25:31

but his utopia gland Columbia is

25:33

doomed. really. On the sixth of

25:35

May eighteen thirty, Venezuela officially became

25:37

an independent republic, and then the

25:39

following week, Ecuador last as well.

25:42

He loses two countries and a week which

25:44

is of that a bad week and then

25:46

a few months later decelerating thirty the cycled

25:48

liberate the president died of tuberculosis he was

25:50

only forty seven be of an anti climax

25:52

the the end of the life that I

25:54

see what he feel. He i see

25:56

like a would have been better if he was.

26:00

Needed. Ah the I would

26:02

have been and better of story. And

26:10

his time. Now for the nuance window.

26:13

This is where Casey and I put

26:15

on our lawn white dresses and ruthless.

26:17

We give two minutes to said of

26:19

Frank to tell us something we need

26:22

to know about Simone Boulevard. You have

26:24

two minutes. Take it away please believers.

26:26

Perhaps the most famous Latin American person

26:28

who has ever leave although he died,

26:31

be really disappointed in his compatriots on

26:33

on his own achievements. He remains to

26:35

this day and enormously influential political symbol

26:37

troubling through Colombia, Venezuela. Everywhere one comes

26:39

across. Commemorative plagues indicating when

26:42

on how many times believe our

26:44

be seated The Sword That town

26:46

and most significantly blue or continues

26:49

to be a symbol claimed by

26:51

multiple political projects. Perhaps most notably

26:54

it's between Nineteen Ninety Eight and

26:56

Twenty Thirteen who got Chavis constantly

26:58

used Believe Our See Much and

27:01

discourse to legitimize his government in

27:03

Venezuela. Chavis famously changed the country's

27:05

name to Bully Bobby and Republic

27:08

of Venice. Well, I'm. Used

27:10

to live on empty seats in

27:12

all government meetings for believe are

27:15

on famously have the generals remains

27:17

used to produce a wreck construction

27:19

of believers face which made to

27:21

liberate or looks suspiciously similar to

27:24

Chavis himself. However there was actually

27:26

not a lot in common between

27:28

believers' background plans and ideology and

27:30

those of Chavis perhaps most obviously

27:33

the later was an ardent descendant

27:35

of direct democracy where us as

27:37

we seen believe are believed that

27:39

the. People of South America, we're

27:42

not ready to exercise political power.

27:44

generally mistrusted elections and prepared a

27:46

restricted saw Fret still, there were

27:48

perhaps a bit closer to each

27:51

other in the both believe on

27:53

Chavez sold government led by a

27:55

strong man as a way of

27:58

solving some of nations problems. At

28:00

least in the short run. Nonetheless,

28:02

Thomas' extensive and often quite successful

28:05

mobilization of believe our to garner

28:07

support and legitimacy shows how terribly

28:09

relevant the mythical figure of the

28:12

Libor fellow to remain in South

28:14

America today. Wow, thank you

28:16

so much Frank! That's a fascinating spittle. The

28:18

sesame to do is a huge thank you

28:21

to all guests in History Corner. Get the

28:23

amazing doctor! Frank is a but also need

28:25

a busty of Manchester. Thank you Frank Sanskrit

28:27

pleasure hiding Comedy Corner we're the fantastic Stacey

28:29

Green. Thank you Katie, thank you and sued

28:32

of the listener. Join me next time as

28:34

we liberate yet another historical subject from obscurity.

28:36

But for now I'm of the gun unify

28:38

all the other Bbc Craig's into one giant

28:41

Btc Greg starting to pay the ones by

28:43

James and that has affected the outcome of

28:45

the Andes. Far as. I'm

28:55

Doctor Michael. Nice. One

28:59

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